Choriorétinite pigmentaire

Choriorétinite pigmentaire
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Examen du fond d'œil (FO) : choriorétinite pigmentaire à un stade intermédiaire de son évolution.

Traitement
Spécialité NeurologieVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
Classification et ressources externes
CISP-2 F73Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
CIM-10 H30.9
CIM-9 363.20
DiseasesDB 2613
MeSH D002825

Wikipédia ne donne pas de conseils médicaux Mise en garde médicale

La choriorétinite pigmentaire est une atteinte des pigments de l'œil, par inflammation de la choroïde et de la rétine.

Nom commun, féminin, composé de :

  • chorio, du grec khorion : « choroïde » (membrane vasculaire qui nourrit la rétine) ;
  • rétin, du latin rete : « filet », en biologie, « rétine », membrane sensible du fond de l’œil ;
  • ite, du grec -itis : suffixe servant, en médecine,à désigner une maladie inflammatoire.

La choriorétinite est l'inflammation de la choroïde et de la rétine. Elle est dite pigmentaire car elle atteint les pigments de la rétine.

Historique

Épidémiologie

La forme la plus courante est la choriorétinite toxoplasmique, inflammation consécutive à la contamination congénitale par le toxoplasme[1].

Dans environ 80 % des cas, l'enfant est indemne à la naissance mais est porteur d'anticorps caractéristiques, les IgM.

La toxoplasmose se déclare plus tard dans sa vie, en général à l'adolescence. Il s'ensuit des lésions oculaires généralement faciles à reconnaître, jaunâtres qui peuvent être paramaculaires ou parapapillaires. Il en résulte des cicatrices pigmentées à l'emplacement desquelles la vision est déformée ou absente.

Le CMV peut également engendrer une choriorétinite dans le cadre de la maladie des inclusions cytomegaliques. Un autre cas de choriorétinite est décrit dans le cas d'une pathologie symptomatique telle que la gale filarienne (prurit).

Physiopathologie

Diagnostic

Signes fonctionnels

Examen clinique

Examens complémentaires

Prise en charge

Évolution et complications

Prévention

Notes et références

Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :

  1. (en) Butler NJ, Furtado JM, Winthrop KL, Smith JR, « Ocular toxoplasmosis II: clinical features, pathology and management », Clin Experiment Ophthalmol, vol. 41, no 1,‎ , p. 95-108. (PMID 22712598, PMCID PMC4028599, DOI 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2012.02838.x, lire en ligne [html]) modifier

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