Bataille de Nördlingen (1634)

Bataille de Nördlingen (1634)
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
La bataille de Nördlingen en 1634
par Jacques Courtois
Informations générales
Date 5 et
Lieu Proche de Nördlingen, Allemagne
Issue Victoire espagnole décisive
Belligérants
Drapeau de la Suède Suède
Drapeau de l'Électorat de Saxe Électorat de Saxe
Drapeau du Saint-Empire Saint-Empire
Drapeau de l'Espagne Monarchie espagnole
Drapeau de la Ligue catholique Ligue catholique
Commandants
Gustaf Horn
Bernard de Saxe-Weimar
Ferdinand d'Autriche
Ferdinand de Habsbourg
Matthias Gallas
Charles IV de Lorraine
Forces en présence
16 000 fantassins
9 000 cavaliers
20 canons
21 000 fantassins
14 000 cavaliers
60 canons
Pertes
12 000 à 14 000 3 000

Guerre de Trente Ans

Batailles

Coordonnées 48° 48′ 20″ nord, 10° 29′ 09″ est
Géolocalisation sur la carte : Allemagne
(Voir situation sur carte : Allemagne)
Bataille de Nördlingen (1634)
Géolocalisation sur la carte : Bavière
(Voir situation sur carte : Bavière)
Bataille de Nördlingen (1634)

La première bataille de Nördlingen a lieu les 5 et , durant la guerre de Trente Ans.

Cadre

Les Suédois ne purent tirer bénéfice de la victoire protestante à Lützen à cause de la mort de leur roi Gustave Adolphe. Les forces impériales reprirent l'initiative et, en 1634, occupèrent la ville de Ratisbonne menaçant d'avancer plus loin en Saxe. Les protestants réalisèrent qu'ils devaient faire un effort pour reprendre la ville et planifièrent alors une attaque de nuit.

Bataille

L'attaque des protestants se trouva en difficulté lorsque leur avance fut bloquée par leur artillerie et les chariots de ravitaillement qui se trouvaient devant l'infanterie. Cela donna un délai aux troupes espagnoles et impériales pour se préparer. Ensuite l'infanterie suédoise attaqua sans l'appui de son artillerie, et parvint néanmoins à enfoncer une aile. Le commandant des impériaux ordonna une attaque coordonnée sur la ligne saxonne qui fut mise en déroute. Gustaf Horn fut capturé et les alliés des protestants perdirent entre et 14 000 et 12 000 soldats. La France n'était pas engagée directement. Cependant des unités françaises servaient du côté des protestants : le futur gouverneur du grand Dauphin, Charles de Sainte-Maure, duc de Montausier, était des rescapés.

Résultat

Cette bataille constitue le premier revers suédois dans la guerre de Trente Ans. Cette importante victoire des forces impériales et espagnoles décida la France à intervenir ouvertement dans le conflit.

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

  • Jean-Charles Fulaine, Le duc Charles IV de Lorraine et son armée (1624-1675), Serpenoise, .

Liens externes

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