Base forte

Une base forte est une base qui se protone totalement au cours de sa réaction avec l'eau.

Exemples

Souvent, les bases fortes sont des oxydes métalliques et des hydroxydes métalliques et surtout des oxydes et hydroxydes des métaux alcalins et des métaux alcalino-terreux suivants^[1] :

L'oxyde de sodium Na₂O et l'hydroxyde de sodium ou soude (NaOH) ;
L'oxyde de potassium K₂O et l'hydroxyde de potassium ou potasse (KOH) ;
L'oxyde de césium Cs₂O et l'hydroxyde de césium (CsOH) ;
L'oxyde de calcium CaO et l'hydroxyde de calcium (Ca(OH)₂) ;
L'oxyde de baryum BaO et l'hydroxyde de baryum (Ba(OH)₂).

Un autre exemple de base forte : l'ion amidure (NH₂⁻).

Réactions

Lorsqu'une base quelconque B est mise en présence d'eau, la réaction suivante a lieu :

{\rm {B+H_{2}O=BH^{+}+OH^{-}}}

Il y a transfert d'un proton ${\rm {H^{+}}}$ d'une molécule ${\rm {H_{2}O}}$ sur l'espèce chimique ${\rm {B}}$ . La réaction peut se scinder en :

{\rm {B+H^{+}=BH^{+}}}

{\rm {H_{2}O=OH^{-}+H^{+}}}

Or, si la base B est forte – et c'est ce qui fait la spécificité de ce type de base –, cette réaction est totale : tous les réactifs sont consommés lors de la réaction, et celle-ci est donc quantitative. Lorsqu'une base forte B est mise en présence d'eau, une mole de base forte entraîne toujours la libération d'une mole d'ion hydroxyde.

Les oxydes métalliques contiennent les ions oxyde ${\rm {O^{2-}}}$ . L'ion oxyde est une base forte, il réagit totalement avec l'eau pour donner des ions hydroxyde ${\rm {OH^{-}}}$ ^[1]^,^[2] :

{\rm {O^{2-}+H_{2}O=2OH^{-}}}

Comme précédemment, la réaction peut se scinder en^[2] :

{\rm {O^{2-}+H^{+}=OH^{-}}}

{\rm {H_{2}O=OH^{-}+H^{+}}}

Avec les hydroxydes métalliques ( $\mathrm {M} (\mathrm {O} \mathrm {H} )_{n}$ ), la réaction suivante a lieu :

\mathrm {M} (\mathrm {O} \mathrm {H} )_{n}=\mathrm {M} ^{n+}+n{\rm {OH^{-}}}

Une base forte est un composé chimique qui a une très forte affinité pour le proton H⁺. Dans un couple acide/base, une base forte est associée à un acide de force nulle. Une base forte, après avoir capté un proton H⁺, se transforme en un acide de force nulle. Un tel couple est caractérisé, en solution aqueuse, par un pK_a supérieur à 14.

Références

↑ ^{a et b} Peter Atkins et Loretta Jones (trad. André Pousse), Chimie : molécules, matière, métamorphoses [« Chemistry : molecules, matter and change »], Bruxelles Paris, De Boeck universite, 1998, 1018 p. (ISBN 978-2-7445-0028-2, OCLC 489879525), p. 92-94, traduction de la 3^e éd. américaine.
↑ ^{a et b} Maurice Bernard (préf. Paul Arnaud), Cours de chimie minérale, Paris, Dunod, 1994, 2^e éd., 405 p. (ISBN 978-2-10-002067-6, BNF 35717160), p. 75-76

v · m Acides et bases
Acidité et basicité	pH Réaction acido-basique Titrage acido-basique Extraction acido-basique Constante de dissociation Constante d'acidité / de basicité Fonction d'acidité Puissance acide Solution tampon Affinité protonique Autoprotolyse Autoprotolyse de l'eau Protolyse Ampholyte Principe HSAB Échelle de Hammett Liste d'acides Nomenclature des acides Solution acide Solution basique
Théories des acides et des bases	Théorie d'Arrhenius Théorie de Brønsted-Lowry Théorie de Lewis Acide de Lewis Base de Lewis
Types d'acide	Acide minéral Acide organique Acide fort Superacide Acide faible Acide dur Acide mou Monoacide Polyacide Acide conjugué Acide solide
Types de base	Base minérale Base organique Base forte Superbase Base faible Base dure Base molle Monobase Polybase Base conjuguée Base non nucléophile

Portail de la chimie

Read other articles:

Aryanisasi

Presiden Reichsbank Walther Funk mengumpulkan cincin-cincin emas dari para korban Buchenwald untuk SS Aryanisasi (Jerman: Arisierungcode: de is deprecated ) adalah pengusiran paksa Yahudi dari kehidupan bisnis di Jerman Nazi, negara-negara sekutu Blok Poros, dan wilayah pendudukan mereka. Tindakan tersebut meliputi perampasan harta benda Yahudi ke tangan Arya. Proses tersebut dimulai pada 1933 di Jerman Nazi dengan perampasan harta benda Yahudi dan berakhir dengan Holocaust.[1][2&...

Katie Lind

American soccer player (born 1994) Not to be confused with Katie Lund. Katie Lind Lind in 2016Personal informationFull name Kathleen Camille LindBirth name Kathleen Camille Naughton[1]Date of birth (1994-02-15) February 15, 1994 (age 30)Place of birth Elk Grove Village, IllinoisHeight 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m)Position(s) DefenderTeam informationCurrent team Houston DashNumber 25Youth career Sockers FC Elk Grove High SchoolCollege careerYears Team Apps (Gls)2012–2015 No...

Salt-rising bread

Style of bacteria-risen bread Salt-rising breadAlternative namesSalt-risen breadTypeBreadRegion or stateAppalachian MountainsMain ingredientsWheat flour, starter (water or milk; corn, potatoes, or wheat), bacteria (Clostridium perfringens) Salt-rising (or salt-risen) bread is a dense white bread that is traditional in the Appalachian Mountains, leavened by naturally occurring wild bacteria rather than by yeast.[1][2][3] Salt-rising bread is made from wheat flour; a sta...

Štadión Sihoť

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Štadión Sihoť – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Štadión SihoťUEFA Former namesŠtadión na Sihoti (1960–2021) Štadión Sihoť (2021–)LocationMládežnícka 2313, Trenč...

Combined Fleet

Imperial Japanese Navy unit (1894–1945) Rengō Kantai redirects here. For other uses of this Japanese term, see Rengō Kantai (disambiguation). This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Combined Fleet聯合艦隊 (Rengō Kantai)Rising Sun FlagActive1894–1945Country Empire of Japan...

Randi Zuckerberg

American businesswoman (born 1982) This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Randi Zuckerberg – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this ...

Milli Lig 1959

Milli Lig 1959 Competizione Milli Lig Sport Calcio Edizione 1ª Organizzatore TFF Luogo Turchia Partecipanti 16 Formula 2 gironi all'italiana Sito web tff.org Risultati Vincitore Fenerbahçe(1º titolo) Retrocessioni // Statistiche Miglior marcatore Metin Oktay (11) Cronologia della competizione 1959-60 Manuale L'edizione 1959 della Milli Lig vide la vittoria finale del Fenerbahçe Istanbul. Capocannoniere del torneo fu Metin Oktay (Galatasaray Istanbul), con 11 reti. Indice...

趙家驤

追晉陸軍二級上將趙家驤將軍个人资料出生1910年大清河南省衛輝府汲縣逝世1958年8月23日(1958歲—08—23)（47—48歲） † 中華民國福建省金門縣国籍中華民國政党中國國民黨获奖青天白日勳章（追贈）军事背景效忠中華民國服役國民革命軍中華民國陸軍服役时间1924年－1958年军衔二級上將（追晉）部队四十七師指挥東北剿匪總司令部參謀長陸軍�...

Jameh Mosque of Makki

Mosque in Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran Jameh Mosque of MakkiReligionAffiliationSunni IslamProvinceSistan and BaluchestanLeadershipMolavi Abdul HamidLocationLocationZahedanMunicipalityZahedanCountryIranLocation in IranGeographic coordinates29°29′19.8″N 60°51′14.4″E / 29.488833°N 60.854000°E / 29.488833; 60.854000ArchitectureStyleOttoman architecture[1]Date established1971SpecificationsCapacity60,000+Interior area33,000 m2 [2]Dome(s)5...

コルク

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: コルク – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL（2017年4月）コルクを打ち抜いて作った瓶の栓コルク（木栓、�...

No. 662 Squadron AAC

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: No. 662 Squadron AAC – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) No. 662 Squadron AACNo. 662 Squadron RAFBattlecraft Syllabus training on Thetford in 2018Active30 Sep 1943 – 15 Dec 1945 (RAF) 1 Feb 1...

Ruksamin

Ruksamin Ruksamin (lahir 14 Maret 1973) adalah seorang politisi Indonesia. Ia menjabat sebagai bupati Konawe Utara periode 2016-2021 dan 2021-2026.[1] Ia lahir dari keluarga sederhana di perkampungan ujung utara Desa Basule, Kecamatan Lasolo, Kabupaten Konawe Utara. Orangtuanya bekerja sebagai guru dan petani. Ia menempuh pendidikan di SD Negeri Tinobu angkatan tahun 1985, SMP Negeri Tinobu angkatan tahun 1988, kemudian lanjut di SMA Negeri Wawotobi angkatan tahun 1991. Ia kemudian ma...

Liverpool Plains

View out over the Liverpool Plains from near Quirindi A sign protesting coal and gas mining in the Liverpool Plains, NSW Hay fields, Liverpool Plains One of the many hills that dot the Liverpool Plains, Mullaley, NSW The Liverpool Plains are an extensive agricultural area covering about 12,000 km2 (4,600 sq mi) of the north-western slopes of New South Wales in Australia. These plains are a region of prime agricultural land bounded to the east by the Great Dividing Range, to the...

Il Romanista

Il RomanistaLogoStato Italia Linguaitaliano Periodicitàquotidiano Generestampa sportiva FormatoBroadsheet FondatoreRiccardo Luna Fondazione10 settembre 2004 SedeVia Angelo Bargoni, 8 Roma[1] EditoreIl Romanista Srl[1] Tiratura6 500[2] (dicembre 2019) Diffusione digitale37 000[2] (dicembre 2019) DirettoreTonino Cagnucci[1] VicedirettoreDaniele Lo Monaco[1] ISSN1824-503X (WC · ACNP) DistribuzionecartaceaEdizione cartaceasingo...

Hải Dương

This article is about the city in Vietnam. For the province with the same name where this city is located, see Hải Dương province. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Vietnamese. (February 2024) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accura...

Biscotti

Italian twice-baked almond biscuits For other uses, see Biscotti (disambiguation). BiscottiTwo biscotti served with a cup of fresh almondsAlternative namesBiscotti di PratoTypeBiscuitPlace of originItalyRegion or state Prato (Tuscany) Spain Central America Philippines Main ingredientsFlour, sugar, eggs and almonds or pine nuts Media: Biscotti Biscotti (/bɪˈskɒti/, Italian: [biˈskɔtti]; lit. 'biscuits') or cantucci (Italian: [kanˈtuttʃi]) are Italian almo...

Kecelakaan C-130 Angkatan Udara Indonesia 1991

Kecelakaan C-130 Angkatan Udara Indonesia 1991TNI-AU C-130H-30, saudari dari pesawat yang kecelakaanRingkasan kecelakaanTanggal5 Oktober 1991RingkasanKebakaran mesin saat lepas landasLokasidekat Bandar Udara Jakarta-Halim Perdana KusumaPenumpang122Awak12Tewas135 (2 di tanah)Selamat1Jenis pesawatLockheed C-130H-30 HerculesOperatorAngkatan Udara IndonesiaRegistrasiA-1324AsalBandar Udara Jakarta-Halim Perdana KusumaTujuanBandar Udara Internasional Husein Sastranegara Kecelakaan C-130 Angkat...

Hiroki Itō (calciatore 1999)

Hiroki ItōItō allo Stoccarda nel 2021Nazionalità Giappone Altezza186 cm Peso78 kg Calcio RuoloDifensore, centrocampista Squadra Bayern Monaco CarrieraGiovanili Júbilo Iwata Squadre di club1 2018 Júbilo Iwata1 (0)2019→ Nagoya Grampus2 (0)2020-2021 Júbilo Iwata57 (4)2021-2024 Stoccarda85 (2)[1]2024- Bayern Monaco0 (0) Nazionale 2015 Giappone U-171 (0)2016-2017 Giappone U-186 (2)2018-2019 Giappone U-2013 (1)2018 Giappone U-233 (0)2022- Gi...

غود ديرت

غود ديرت شعار الإحداثيات 50°32′57″N 7°44′49″E / 50.549166666667°N 7.7469444444444°E / 50.549166666667; 7.7469444444444 [1] تقسيم إداري البلد ألمانيا[2] التقسيم الأعلى منطقة فيستر فالد كرآيس خصائص جغرافية المساحة 2.39 كيلومتر مربع (31 ديسمبر 2017)[3] ارتفاع 270 �...

Seis am Schlern

The Santner The main church Seis am Schlern (German pronunciation: [saɪ̯s ʔam ˈʃlɛrn]; Italian: Siusi allo Sciliar [ˈsjuːzi ˈallo ʃʃiˈljar]) is an Alpine village in South Tyrol, in the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region of northern Italy. It is a frazione of the comune of Kastelruth. Geography The village lies in the Dolomites, in the shadow of the 2,563m high Schlern. The summit can be reached by following trail number one from the village. History The peak at t...