Baie (géographie)

Page d’aide sur l’homonymie

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Baie.

En géographie, une baie est une échancrure du littoral mais aussi de la berge d'un lac. Une baie est moins grande qu'un golfe et moins profonde qu'une rade. Une baie de petite dimension est plutôt appelée anse, et une baie peu profonde, cul-de-sac marin. Si l'échancrure est de très petite dimension, on parle d'une crique. Un havre est une baie donnant sur la mer et constituant un mouillage sûr pour les bateaux de passage quelles que soient les conditions de mer et de vent.

En général, un ou plusieurs fleuves se jettent dans une baie. Celle-ci forme un port naturel, un abri exploité par les hommes, en fonction du climat.

La baie de San Francisco (Californie), vue du nord.

Baie en droit de la mer

Au sens du droit de la mer (voir la Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer, article 10) :

« On entend par « baie » une échancrure bien marquée dont la pénétration dans les terres par rapport à sa largeur à l'ouverture est telle que les eaux qu'elle renferme sont cernées par la côte et qu'elle constitue plus qu'une simple inflexion de la côte. Toutefois, une échancrure n'est considérée comme une baie que si sa superficie est au moins égale à celle d'un demi-disque ayant pour diamètre la droite tracée en travers de l'entrée de l'échancrure. »

— Organisation des Nations unies, [1].

Sur la terre ferme, on désigne également par ce terme les zones entourées d'un front de montagne qui se replie approximativement en arc de cercle.

Baies célèbres dans le monde

Afrique

Amérique

Vue de Rio de Janeiro (Brésil) de la baie de Guanabara.

Asie

Europe

Océanie

Baies terrestres

Références

  1. ↑ (en) « United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 : Part II - Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone », sur le site de l'ONU (consulté le ).
  2. ↑ Le golfe d'Oran est divisé en 3 baies dont celle des Aiguades https://www.eaubleue.com/images/stories/pdf/shom/pages_de_document.d6.pdf

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