1964 Summer Paralympics

II Paralympic Games
LocationTokyo, Japan
Nations21
Athletes375
Events144 in 9 sports
Opening3 November
Closing12 November
Opened by
Crown Prince Akihito
StadiumOda Field
1964 Summer Olympics

The 1964 Summer Paralympics (Japanese: 1964年夏季パラリンピック, Hepburn: 1964-Nen Kaki Pararinpikku), originally known as the 13th International Stoke Mandeville Games and also known as Paralympic Tokyo 1964,[1] were the second Paralympic Games to be held. They were held in Tokyo, Japan, and were the last Summer Paralympics to take place in the same city as the Summer Olympics until the 1988 Summer Paralympics.

The 1964 Games, although still formally an edition of the International Stoke Mandeville Games, were the first to use the term "Paralympic" in association with the event; the term "Paralympic Games" was approved by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) first in 1984, while the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) was formed in 1989.[2][3]

In contrast with the 1960 Games, many events had more than three participants, meaning that athletes were no longer guaranteed a medal upon completing their event.[4]

Tokyo hosted the Summer Paralympic Games again in 2020.

Sports

Nine sports were competed at the 1964 games. In athletics, a wheelchair racing event in the form of a 60 m dash was added; previously the athletics program had included only field events. Wheelchair racing has since become one of the most prominent Paralympic events.[5]

Medal table

Main article: 1964 Summer Paralympics medal table

Athletes from 17 of the 19 National Paralympic Committees (NPCs) won at least one medal. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won. The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by IPC country code.

With a few exceptions, each event contributed one medal of each type to the table (although for team events, multiple physical medals were actually awarded). Two bronze medals were awarded in the dartchery, snooker and table tennis events.[6][7][8] Some swimming events did not award silver or bronze medals.[9]

Inaccurate reports
See also: Michal Escapa

At the start of the Paralympic Games there was no precision in reporting the results of the competitions. The Israeli athlete Michal Escapa was reported to be of Italian nationality and without a first name, as she is mentioned in the International Paralympic Committee[10] of the Italian Paralympic Committee[11] web sites) for the reports of the Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics where she won two bronze medals, simply reported as Escapa and not as Michal Escapa.[12][13] However, as can be seen from a 1968 Israeli newspaper reporting an interview with the athlete, she was the same athlete who had won medals in swimming and table tennis in Tokyo 1964.[14]

  ‡ First-time Paralympic appearance

  • To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the icon next to the column title.

  *   Host nation (Japan)

RankNPCGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 United States504132123
2 Great Britain18232061
3 Italy14151443
4 Australia1211730
5 Rhodesia105217
6 South Africa88319
7 Israel731323
8 Argentina6151637
9 West Germany52512
10 Netherlands46414
11 France42511
12 Austria41712
13 Japan*15410
14 Belgium1023
15 Switzerland0101
16 Malta0022
17 Sweden0011
Totals (17 entries)144138137419

Athletes with outstanding performances included Margaret Harriman of Rhodesia who won two gold medals in archery,[15] and Serge Bec of France who won two individuals gold medals, one team gold medal and one team silver medal.[16] Dick Thompson of the United Kingdom won two individual golds, one silver and one bronze in athletics.[17] The United States' Ron Stein won six golds and South Africa's Daniel Erasmus won two golds and two silvers in athletics.[17]

Participating delegations

Nineteen delegations participated in the Tokyo Paralympics.[18][19]

The 1964 Games marked Austria, Fiji, Japan and South Africa's Paralympic Games début. South Africa had just been banned from taking part in the 1964 Summer Olympic Games, due to its policy of apartheid. It was not, however, banned from the Paralympics until 1980 Summer Paralympics,as Japan (in a host country position) did not oppose its participation.[20][21] A letter from archery medalist Irene Preslipski published in the Wilkes-Barre Times Leader on December 1, 1964, also mentions delegations from Ceylon, Mexico and the Philippines marching in the opening ceremony. However, these countries only sent in officials.

Ceremonies

Members of the Australian Team march at the Opening Ceremony of the Tokyo 1964 Summer Paralympic Games

The Opening ceremony was organized in the Yoyogi Park, and the Closing Ceremony at Yoyogi National Gymnasium.[5] About 5000 spectators were present at both of the ceremonies.[5] Then Crown Prince Akihito and Crown Princess Michiko were present in both of them.[5]

Media coverage

Earlier it was thought that the Games might not get much media coverage, due to the focus on the Olympic Games, but both radio and television media gave high coverage to the Games.[5]

Organizing Committee

Yoshisuke Kasai was the chairman of the board of directors.[1] The board had 3 vice-chairmen, namely T. Azuma, H. Dazai and I. Miki.[1] The auditor of the organizing committee was M. Tozawa,[1] and the secretary general was K. Ujiie.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e The Thirteenth International Stoke Mandeville Games for The Paralysed, dinf.ne.jp, March 17, 1999
  2. ^ History and Use of the Term Paralympic Archived 2011-12-16 at the Wayback Machine, International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
  3. ^ Rome 1960, International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
  4. ^ IPC searchable database
  5. ^ a b c d e "Tokyo 1964". International Paralympic Committee. 2008. Retrieved 2011-07-12.
  6. ^ "Medallists Tokyo 1964 Paralympic Games Dartchery". International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 31 August 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  7. ^ "Medallists Tokyo 1964 Paralympic Games Snooker". International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  8. ^ "Medallists Tokyo 1964 Paralympic Games Table Tennis". International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  9. ^ "Medallists Tokyo 1964 Paralympic Games Swimming". International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  10. ^ "Swimming - Women's 25 m Breaststroke Incomplete class 2". paralympic.org. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  11. ^ "Media Guide Tokyo 2020" (PDF). comitatoparalimpico.it (in Italian). Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  12. ^ "Michael Escapa - Profile". paralympic.org. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  13. ^ "Escapa - Profile". paralympic.org. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  14. ^ "Michal Escapa - Hi whose mistake?". nli.org.il (in Hebrew). 27 September 1968. Retrieved 15 September 2021. ... but at the Tokyo Olympics in 1964, she came to the place of success precisely. And she brought an additional Israeli team trophy as well as two sports for me
  15. ^ "Medallists-Tokyo 1964 Paralympic Games-Archery". International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
  16. ^ "Medallists-Tokyo 1964 Paralympic Games-Wheelchair Fencing". International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
  17. ^ a b "Medallists-Tokyo 1964 Paralympic Games-Athletics". International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
  18. ^ "Medal Standings - Tokyo 1964 Paralympic Games". International Paralympic Committee. 2008. Retrieved 2011-07-12.
  19. ^ "Participation Numbers in 1964 Paralympic Games". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
  20. ^ "'The Netherlands against Apartheid' - 1970s", International Institute of Social History
  21. ^ South Africa at the Paralympics, International Paralympic Committee
Preceded by Summer Paralympics
Tokyo
II Paralympic Summer Games (1964) 		Succeeded by

Read other articles:

Sistem reaksi-difusi

model reaksi-difusi adalah model matematika yang mendeskripsikan bagaimana konsentrasi dari satu atau lebih substansi terdistribusi dalam ruang berubah karena pengaruh dua proses: reaksi kimia lokal dimana substansi diubah menjadi yang lain, dan difusi yang menyebabkan substansi menyebar dalam ruang. Sebagaimana deskripsi ini mengimplikasikan, sistem reaksi-difusi secara alami diterapkan di kimia. Akan tetapi, persamaan reaksi-difusi dapat juga mendeskripsikan proses dinamis non-kimiawi. Cont...

 

العلاقات الوسط إفريقية الموريشيوسية

العلاقات الوسط أفريقية الموريشيوسية جمهورية أفريقيا الوسطى موريشيوس   جمهورية أفريقيا الوسطى   موريشيوس تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الوسط أفريقية الموريشيوسية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين جمهورية أفريقيا الوسطى وموريشيوس.[1][2][3][4][...

 

Legend Has It

2016 single by Run the JewelsLegend Has ItSingle by Run the Jewelsfrom the album Run the Jewels 3 ReleasedDecember 2, 2016 (2016-12-02)RecordedJanuary 2015 – September 2016StudioRTJGenreHip hopLength3:25LabelRun the Jewels, Inc.Songwriter(s) Jaime Meline Michael Render Producer(s)El-PRun the Jewels singles chronology 2100 (2016) Legend Has It (2016) Mean Demeanor (2017) Legend Has It is a song by American hip hop duo Run the Jewels. It was released as the third single from th...

Создание Государства Израиль

О Древнем Израиле см. Израильское царство.  История ИзраиляЗемля обетованная Колена Израилевы Исход Завоевание Ханаана Эпоха судей История древнего Израиля и Иудеи Израильское царство Иудейское царство Вавилонский плен Эпоха Второго Храма Античный период Пра�...

 

Toila

Borough in Estonia Small borough in Ida-Viru County, EstoniaToilaSmall boroughToilaLocation in EstoniaCoordinates: 59°25′14″N 27°30′35″E / 59.42056°N 27.50972°E / 59.42056; 27.50972CountryEstoniaCountyIda-Viru CountyMunicipalityToila ParishPopulation (2011 Census[1]) • Total780 Toila is a small borough (alevik) in Ida-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. It is located about 10 km (6 mi) northeast of the town of Jõhvi, on...

 

Wildlife of Karnataka

Indian roller (Coracias benghalensis), the state bird Young sapling of sandalwood (Santalum album), the state tree The state of Karnataka in South India has a rich diversity of flora and fauna. It has a recorded forest area of 38,720 km2 which constitutes 55 of the geographical area of the state. These forests support 25% of the elephant population and 20% of the tiger population of India. Many regions of Karnataka are still unexplored and new species of flora and fauna are still found....

كونداليزا رايز

كونداليزا رايز (بالإنجليزية: Condoleezza Rice)‏    مناصب مستشار الأمن القومي الأمريكي   في المنصب20 يناير 2001  – 26 يناير 2005  ساندي بيرغر  ستيفن هادلي  وزير الخارجية الأمريكي (66 )   في المنصب26 يناير 2005  – 20 يناير 2009  كولن باول  وليام بيرنز  معلومات شخصية ...

 

Kaaterskill Falls (painting)

Painting by Thomas Cole Kaaterskill FallsKaaterskill Falls, 1826ArtistThomas ColeYear1826MediumOil on CanvasDimensions64.2 cm × 89.7 cm (25.25 in × 35.31 in)LocationWadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut Kaaterskill Falls is an 1826 oil-on-canvas painting by British-American painter Thomas Cole, founder of the Hudson River School.[1] It depicts the Kaaterskill Falls in Upstate New York. Artist's background Main article: Thomas Cole Tom Ch...

 

Antigua Recreation Ground

For the former football stadium in England, see Old Recreation Ground. Antigua Recreation GroundWest Indies v Australia in May 2003Ground informationLocationAntiguaEstablishment1978Capacity9,000[1]End namesPavilion EndFactory Road EndInternational informationFirst Test28 Mar – 1 Apr 1981: West Indies v  EnglandLast Test15–19 Feb 2009: West Indies v  EnglandFirst ODI22 Feb 1978: West Indies v  AustraliaLast ODI28 Feb 2007: Bangladesh v  Canad...

Roberto Clemente State Park

Public park in the Bronx, New York Roberto Clemente State ParkEntrance to Roberto Clemente State ParkLocation of Roberto Clemente State Park in New York CityTypeState parkLocationThe Bronx, New York City, NY, United StatesCoordinates40°51′18″N 73°55′12″W / 40.855°N 73.92°W / 40.855; -73.92Area25 acres (10 ha)[1]Created1973[1]Operated byNew York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic PreservationVisitors1,092,606 (in...

 

周家蔚

周家蔚為裁出天地亞洲時裝設計大賽拍攝宣傳片女艺人英文名Janet Chow国籍 加拿大永久居留权 香港籍贯浙江寧波出生 (1983-08-25) 1983年8月25日（40歲） 英屬香港职业主持、演員、商人语言粵語、英語、普通話教育程度經濟學系學士母校马克维尔高级中学多倫多大學宗教信仰基督教配偶洪天明（2012年结婚）儿女二子活跃年代2006年至2013年（演藝界）2013年起（商界）经�...

 

Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB

This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 1951 United States Supreme Court caseUniversal Camera Corp. v. NLRBSupreme Court of the United StatesArgued November 6–7, 1950Decided February 26, 1951Full case nameUn...

Designated for assignment

Contractual term in Major League Baseball Oliver Drake was designated for assignment multiple times during the 2018 season, during which he pitched for five different teams.[1] Designated for assignment (DFA) is a contractual term used in Major League Baseball (MLB).[2] A player who is designated for assignment is immediately removed from the team's 40-man roster, after which the team must, within seven days,[a] return the player to the 40-man roster, place the player ...

 

Kambojas

Iranian people mentioned in the Indo-Aryan sources The Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription of Ashoka, in which the Kambojas are mentioned. The Kambojas were a southeastern Iranian people[a] who inhabited the northeastern most part of the territory populated by Iranian tribes, which bordered the Indian lands. They only appear in Indo-Aryan inscriptions and literature, being first attested during the later part of the Vedic period. They spoke a language similar to Younger Avestan, whose words a...

 

Bank of America Plaza (Tampa)

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Bank of America Plaza. Bank of America PlazaHistoireArchitecte HKS, Inc., Odell & AssociatesConstruction 1986Usage BureauxArchitectureHauteur Toit : 176 mÉtages 42LocalisationPays États-UnisVille TampaCoordonnées 27° 56′ 48″ N, 82° 27′ 33″ OLocalisation sur la carte de Floridemodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata La Bank of America Plaza est un gratte-ciel de bureaux de 176 mètres de hauteur...

Amsterdam-Rijnkanaal

Amsterdam-Rijnkanaal Lengte 72 km Scheepsklasse VIb geschikt voor vierbaksduwvaart Jaar ingebruikname 1952 Van IJ Naar Waal bij Tiel Loopt door Nederland Locatie Amsterdam-Rijnkanaal, Lekkanaal en Merwedekanaal in Utrecht Amsterdam-Rijnkanaal Portaal    Maritiem Het Amsterdam-Rijnkanaal is een kanaal in Nederland, tussen Amsterdam en Tiel (van het IJ naar de Waal). Het verbindt de Amsterdamse haven met het Ruhrgebied (Duitsland) en is het drukst bevaren kanaal van de wereld.&#...

 

Nữ tu

Một nữ tu Chính Thống giáo Một ni sư tại Xiêm Riệp, Campuchia Một nữ tu Hai nữ tu dòng Cát Minh Nữ tu hay nữ tu sĩ là những người phụ nữ tự nguyện rời bỏ cuộc sống vật chất, xa lánh khỏi trần thế, sự đời để sống một cuộc sống khép kín, chuyên tâm cho việc tu hành, cầu nguyện, chiêm nghiệm cuộc đời thế thái nhân gian ở tu viện, tự viện, thiền viện hoặc các địa điểm tôn gi�...

 

Tiny Gallon

American former professional basketball player Tiny GallonGallon prepares to shoot a free throw in a game against the Texas Legends in 2015Personal informationBorn (1991-01-18) January 18, 1991 (age 33)Vallejo, CaliforniaNationalityAmericanListed height6 ft 9 in (2.06 m)Listed weight275 lb (125 kg)Career informationHigh schoolOak Hill Academy(Mouth of Wilson, Virginia)CollegeOklahoma (2009–2010)NBA draft2010: 2nd round, 47th overall pickSelected by the Milwauke...

Fabian Bourzat

French ice dancer Fabian BourzatPéchalat and Bourzat at 2009 Skate CanadaBorn (1980-12-19) 19 December 1980 (age 43)Nantes, FranceHeight1.82 m (6 ft 0 in)Figure skating careerCountryFrancePartnerNathalie PéchalatBegan skating1988Retired2014 Medal record Figure skating: Ice dancing Representing  France World Championships 2012 Nice Ice dancing 2014 Saitama Ice dancing European Championships 2011 Bern Ice dancing 2012 Sheffield Ice dancing Grand Prix Final 2010–11 B...

 

Christianity in the 6th century

See also: Christianity in the 5th century and Christianity in the 7th century For broader coverage of this topic, see Christianity of the Middle Ages.   Spread of Christianity to 325   Spread of Christianity to AD 600 Part of a series onChristianity JesusChrist Nativity Baptism Ministry Crucifixion Resurrection Ascension BibleFoundations Old Testament New Testament Gospel Canon Church Creed New Covenant Theology God Trinity Father Son Holy Spirit Apologetics Baptism ...