Tuholainen

Tämä artikkeli kertoo tuholaiseliöistä. Neuvostoliiton historiaan liittyvästä käsitteestä kerrotaan artikkelissa Tuholaisuus.
Lehtikirvoja syömässä viherkasvia.

Tuholainen on mikä tahansa ihmisille haitallinen eliö, joka aiheuttaa ongelmia muun muassa ihmisen terveydelle, elintarvikkeille, asunnolle, kotieläimille, kasveille ja vaatteille.[1] Tuholaisten torjumiseksi tulisi tilat pitää puhtaana, varsinkin keittiö- ja pesutilojen tapaiset tilat.[2] Tuholaisia voivat olla esimerkiksi erilaiset hyönteiset ja eläimet sekä erilaiset taudinaiheuttajat.

Elintarvikkeiden tuhoeläimiä voidaan luokitella neljään ryhmään: elintarviketuholaiset, haittaeläimet, satunnaiset vierailijat sekä sisätilojen tuholaiset.[3]

Tuholaisia voidaan luokitella myös niiden vaikutuksen mukaan. Esimerkiksi Suomessa Ruokavirasto lajittelee kasvientuholaiset karanteenituhoojiin, laatutuhoojiin ja muihin tuhoojiin. Karanteenituhoojat ovat kasvinterveyslainsäädäntöön sisältyviä kasvintuhoojia, joita ei saa esiintyä kasvintuotannossa, myytävissä kasveissa eikä luonnossa.[4] Laatutuhoojat ovat kasvinterveyslainsäädäntöön sisältyviä kasvintuhoojia, joita ei saa esiintyä myytävissä kasveissa.[5] Muihin tuhoojiin kuuluu muut kuin kuin lainsäädännössä säädellyt kasvintuhoojat.[6]

Suomessa

Jyrsijät

Yleisimmin torjuttavia jyrsijälajeja Suomessa ovat rotta (Rattus norvegicus), metsähiiri (Apodemus flavicollis), kotihiiri (Mus musculus) ja metsämyyrä (Myodes glareolus).[7] Nämä neljä lajia aiheuttavat suurimman osan tuholaistorjuntaa suorittavien yritysten torjuntatoimeksiannoista tai hälytyksistä.[7]

Suomessa esiintyviä muita tuholaisia

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c d e Tuhoeläin - Etusivu (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive) Viitattu 25. heinäkuuta 2010.
  2. ↑ Siilinjärvi - Tuhoeläimet (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive) Viitattu 25. heinäkuuta 2010.
  3. ↑ Elintarviketurvallisuusvirasto - Tuhoeläimet (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive) Viitattu 25. heinäkuuta 2010.
  4. ↑ Karanteenituhoojat Ruokavirasto. Viitattu 13.3.2024.
  5. ↑ Laatutuhoojat Ruokavirasto. Viitattu 13.3.2024.
  6. ↑ Muut tuhoojat Ruokavirasto. Viitattu 13.3.2024.
  7. ↑ a b Jyrsijätorjunnan hyvän käytännön ohje Turvallisuus- ja kemikaalivirasto (Tukes). Viitattu 29.10.2024.
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