Syklamaatti

Natriumsyklamaatin rakenne

Syklamaatti on keinotekoinen energiaton makeutusaine, jonka löysi vuonna 1937 Illinois'n yliopistossa opiskellut Michael Sveda. Sitä käytetään laajalti erilaisissa vähäkalorisissa tuotteissa, juomissa ja lääkevalmisteissa. Syklamaatti on 30–50 kertaa makeampaa kuin tavallinen sokeri.

Syklamaatti on syklaamihapon (C6H13NO3S) ja sen natrium- ja kalsiumsuolojen natriumsyklamaatin (C6H12NNaO3S(·2H2O)) ja kalsiumsyklamaatin (C12H24CaN2O6S2·2H2O) yleisnimike. Syklamaatin elintarvikekäytön E-koodi on E 952.

Historiaa

Kuten monien muiden keinotekoisten makeuttajien, myös syklamaatin makeus löydettiin sattumalta. Michael Sveda työskenteli laboratoriossa kehittäen kuumetta estävää lääkettä. Hän laittoi savukkeen penkille ja kun hän laittoi sen suuhunsa, hän huomasi syklamaatin makean maun. Syklamaatin patentin hankki DuPont, mutta myytiin myöhemmin "Abbot Laboratories" -tutkimusyhtiölle, joka aloitti uuden vuoden 1950 lääkelain mukaiset tutkimukset. Syklamaattia aiottiin käyttää peittämään tiettyjen lääkkeiden kuten antibioottien kitkeryys. Yhdysvalloissa vuonna 1958 se todettiin turvalliseksi "GRAS"- merkinnällä "Generally recognized as safe". Syklamaattia myytiin tabletti- sekä nestemäisessä muodossa diabeetikoille vaihtoehtoisena pöytämakeuttajana.

Se on halvempaa kuin muut makeuttajat ja kestää kuumentamista.

Syklamaatin saannille on säädetty enimmäismäärärajoituksia ja joissain elintarvikkeissa sen käyttö on kokonaan kielletty.

Syklamaatti kiellettiin Yhdysvalloissa vuonna 1970, kun osa tutkimuksessa syklamaattia syöneistä rotista sairastui syöpään[1]. Myöhemmissä tutkimuksissa kuitenkin todettiin ettei syklamaatti ole karsinogeeni[2], eikä epidemiologisissa tutkimuksissa ole löytynyt yhteyttä syklamaatin käytön ja syövän välillä ihmisissä[3]. Syklamaatti on hyväksytty makeutusaine yli 50 maassa (EU-jäsenyyden myötä myös Suomessa) ja sitä pidetään yleisesti turvallisena. Yhdysvalloissa syklamaatin käyttö ruoassa on edelleen kielletty.

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Chronic toxicity study of cyclamate: saccharin (10: 1) in rats. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Viitattu 20.10.2014.
  2. ↑ Artificial Sweeteners and Cancer National Institutes of Health. Viitattu 20.10.2014.
  3. ↑ Assessment of the carcinogenicity of the nonnutritive sweetener cyclamate Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 20418. Viitattu 20.10.2014.

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