Suvanto (järvi)

Suvanto
Satelliittikuva Suvannosta. Vasemmalla Kiviniemenkannas ja sen läpi virtaava Kiviniemenkoski, oikealla Laatokkaan virtaava Taipaleenjoki.
Satelliittikuva Suvannosta. Vasemmalla Kiviniemenkannas ja sen läpi virtaava Kiviniemenkoski, oikealla Laatokkaan virtaava Taipaleenjoki.
Valtiot  Venäjä, Leningradin alue
Paikkakunta Käkisalmen piiri
Koordinaatit 60°41′47″N, 30°03′13″E
Laskujoki TaipaleenjokiView and modify data on Wikidata
Mittaustietoja
Pinta-ala 44,3 km2View and modify data on Wikidata
Kartta
Suvanto

Suvanto (ven. Суходольское озеро, Suhodolskoje ozero) on järvi Vuoksen eteläisessä laskuhaarassa Karjalankannaksella Suomen Neuvostoliitolle luovuttamalla alueella. Suvannon pinta-ala on 43,31 km² ja sen pinta on 7,5 metriä merenpinnan yläpuolella. Järvi on malliltaan pitkänomainen, pituutta sillä on noin 30 kilometriä ja leveyttä 1–2,5 kilometriä. Suurin osa Vuoksen vesistä laskee Suvannon ja sen lasku-uoman, Taipaleenjoen, kautta Laatokkaan.

Suvanto kuului Suomelle kuuluessaan Sakkolan kuntaan, lukuun ottamatta aivan itäisintä päätä, joka kuului Metsäpirtin kuntaan. Nykyisin järvi kuuluu Leningradin alueen Käkisalmen piiriin.

Historia

Suvanto laski länteen Vuokseen vuoteen 1818 asti, jolloin Suvannon ja Laatokan välistä kannasta kaivettiin. Tarkoituksena oli saada Suvannon kevättulvat vähenemään kaivamalla kaivanto Laatokkaan.

Kaivannon kaivamisen seuraukset olivat kuitenkin suuremmat kuin oli osattu odottaa. Suvannon vedet alkoivat laskea Laatokkaan sellaisella voimalla, että vesi vei mukanaan suuria puita, kiviä ja rakennuksiakin[1]. Jylinä kuului Pähkinälinnaan asti. Zachris Topelius kertoo kirjassaan Vanha kaunis Suomi, että rakennuksen pirstaleilla kiekui kukko Laatokalla. Tulvien vähentämiseksi tarkoitetusta kaivannosta syntyi leveä Taipaleenjoki. Suvannon pinta laski seitsemän metriä ja järven rannoille syntyi noin 5 000 hehtaaria viljelyskelpoista maata[1]. Suvannon entinen lasku-uoma Vuokseen hävisi kokonaan ja tilalle tuli Kiviniemen kannas.

Vuoksen ja Suvannon välinen Kiviniemen kannas puhkaistiin vuonna 1857, jolloin syntyi Kiviniemenkoski (880 metriä pitkä, 2,9 metriä korkea ja 17,5 Mw)[2], jota pitkin suurin osa Vuoksen vesistä alkoi laskea Suvannon kautta Laatokkaan.

Suojajoukkotaisteluiden tuloksena Suomen talvisodan pääpuolustusasema Kannaksella muodostui 6. joulukuuta 1939 mennessä Suvannolle. Rintamavastuu alueella kuului III armeijakunnan 10. divisioonalle.

Lähteet

  1. a b Luovutettu Karjala – Sakkola
  2. Suomenmaa V, Viipurin lääni. Tietosanakirjaosakeyhtiö, Helsinki 1923

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