Sudanin toinen sisällissota

Sudanin toinen sisällissota (1983–2005) alkoi Sudanin pohjoisen islamilaisten arabien ja etelän ei-arabilaisen väestön välillä vuonna 1983 etelän arabilaistamis- ja islamilaistamisohjelmia vastaan. Etelän joukkoja kouluttivat muun muassa Etiopiassa kuubalaiset. Sudanin toinen sisällissota (1983–2005) oli 22 vuotta kestänyt intensiivinen konflikti Khartumin Sudanin keskushallituksen ja Etelä-Sudanissa toimineen Sudanin kansanvapautusarmeijan (SPLA) välillä. Sota alkoi eteläisessä Sudanissa, mutta se levisi myös muuallekin, kuten Nubavuorille ja Sinisen-Niilin alueelle. Kaksi miljoonaa ihmistä kuoli tässä konfliktissa, joka johti lopulta itsenäisen Etelä-Sudanin valtion syntymiseen vuonna 2011.[1]

Konflikti alkoi vuonna 1983, kun Sudanin presidentti Jaafar Nimeiri määräsi islamilaisen Sharia-lain voimaan islamilaisen pohjoisemman Sudanin lisäksi myös kristittyjen ja animistien asuttamaan Etelä-Sudanin autonomiselle alueelle. Vastareaktiona luotiin John Garangin johtama SPLA käymään sotaa Sudanin armeijaa vastaan. Nimeirin kaaduttua vallankaappauksessa vuonna 1985 Sudanin hallitukset tulivat halukkaammiksi sovintoon ja aloitettiin neuvotteluja, jotka johtivat lopulta vuonna 2005 rauhansopimukseen. Kuusi vuotta sodan loppumisen jälkeen vuonna 2011 sitten syntyi lopulta rauhanomaisesti itsenäinen Etelä-Sudanin valtio.[1]

Lähteet

  1. a b Samuel Momodu: Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005) blackpast.org. 23.12.2018. Viitattu 26.2.2020. (englanti)

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