Melanesia

Melanesian alue tummanvihreällä

Melanesia (kreikan kielestä "mustat saaret") on Oseanian osa, joka kattaa alueen läntiseltä Tyyneltä valtamereltä Australian koillispuolelle.[1][2] Oseanian kaksi muuta osaa ovat Polynesia ja Mikronesia.

Nimitystä käytti ensimmäisenä Jules Dumont d'Urville vuonna 1832 viittaamaan alueen asukkaiden eli melanesialaisten tummaan ihoon.[2] d'Urville jaotteli Oseanian etnisesti ja maantieteellisesti, mutta nykyään hänen rotuluokitustaan pidetään epätarkkana Melanesian ollessa kulttuurisesti, kielitieteellisesti ja geneettisesti monimuotoinen alue, ja nimeä käytetäänkin kuvaamaan vain maantieteellistä aluetta.[3]

Seuraavia saaria ja saariryhmiä on perinteisesti pidetty osana Melanesiaa[2][3]: Fidži, Salomonsaaret, Vanuatu, Uusi-Kaledonia sekä Uusi-Guinea lähisaarineen (Länsi-Uusi-Guinea ja Papua-Uusi-Guinea).

Itsenäiset valtiot

Valtio Pääkaupunki Valtiomuoto Pinta-ala (km²) Asukasluku Väestötiheys (per km²) ISO 3166-1
 Fidži Suva tasavalta 18 270 856 346 46,9 FJ
 Papua-Uusi-Guinea Port Moresby parlamentaarinen demokratia, perustuslaillinen monarkia 462 840 5 172 033 11,2 PG
 Salomonsaaret Honiara parlamentaarinen demokratia, perustuslaillinen monarkia 28 450 494 786 17,4 SB
 Vanuatu Port Vila tasavalta 12 200 240 000 19,7 VU

Itsehallintoalueet

Valtio Pääkaupunki Pinta-ala (km²) Asukasluku Väestötiheys (per km²) ISO 3166-1 Emämaa
Uusi-Kaledonia Nouméa 19 060 240 390 12,6 NC  Ranska
Länsi-Uusi-Guinea Jayapura 319 036 4 363 869 11 ID-IJ  Indonesia

Lähteet

  1. Chrisholm, Hugh: ”Melanesia”, The Encyclopaedia Britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information (Volume 18), s. 89. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1911. encyclopaediabri18chisrich Teoksen verkkoversio (viitattu 13.12.2018). (englanniksi)
  2. a b c Which Countries And Territories Make Up Melanesia? Articles. World Atlas. Viitattu 13.12.2018. (englanniksi)
  3. a b Griffiths, Rhys: National Gallery: Melanesia National Gallery. heinäkuu 2018. History Today. Arkistoitu 11.7.2018. Viitattu 13.12.2018. (englanniksi)

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