Kristinusko Albaniassa

Tämä artikkeli kertoo kristinuskosta Albaniassa. Kristinusko on Albanian toiseksi suurin uskonto. Suurimmat kristilliset kirkkokunnat ovat katolinen kirkko (n. 10 % väestöstä) sekä ortodoksinen kirkko (6,8 % väestöstä). Albaniassa on tehty runsaasti myös evankelikaalista ja helluntailaista lähetystyötä.[1]

Pyhän Mikaelin kirkko Beratissa.

Tunnustuskunnat

Katolinen kirkko

Vuoden 2011 väestönlaskun mukaan katolisia oli 10,04% Albanian väestöstä. Vahvinta kirkon kannatus oli Lezhën alueella, missä siihen kuului 72,38% väestöstä, ja Shkodërin alueella, missä osuus oli 47,19%. Katolisin paikkakunta oli Shkodërissä sijaitseva Shllak, missä katolisten osuus oli 99,11%.[2]

Historia

Varhaishistoria

Albania on historiallisesti ollut osa Rooman, Bysantin ja Ottomaanien valtakuntaa. Kristinuskon uskotaan tulleen Albanian alueelle jo apostoli Paavalin aikana, sillä uudessa testamentissa mainitaan käynti muiniaisessa Illyriassa. Albanian varhaiskristillisen ajan piispat osallistuivat alkukirkon kirkolliskokouksiiin. Rooman jakaudutttua vuonna 395 Albania oli pitkään osa Bysanttia ja kuului ortodoksisen uskon piiriin. Roomalaiskatoliset saapuivat Albanian alueelle 1200-luvulla. Osmaanit saapuivat alueelle 1300-luvulla ja tuhosivat albaniankielisen kirjallisuuden sekä kirjoitetun historian. Raamattu käännettiin albanian kielelle 1800-luvulla.[3]

Itsenäisessä Albaniassa

Maa itsenäistyi vuonna 1912 ja oli monarkia vuodesta 1924 vuoteen 1939, jolloin Italian fasistihallinto miehitti maan. Albanian kommunistinen puolue otti maan hallintaansa vuonna 1944 ja otti käyttöön yhden modernin historian ankarimmista kommunististisista diktatuureista. Enver Hoxhan aikana Albania julistettiin ateistiseksi valtioksi 1967 ja kaikki uskonnot kiellettiin. Monet ortodoksiset ja katoliset piispat sekä papit tapettiin tai vangittiin.[4] Kaikki uskonnolliset järjestöt oli kiellettyjä vuoteen 1990 saakka.[1]

Ortodoksiseen kirkkoon nimitettiin vuona 1992 kreikkalaissyntyinen piispa Anastasios. Ortodoksinen kirkko on rakentanut mmaahan muun muassa terveydenhuoltoa, sosiaaliapua ja pappiskoulutusta. Kirkko on kunnostanut myös vanhoja kirkkorakennuksia sekä rakentanut uusia.[3]

Kristittyjen vainot Albaniassa

Diktatuurin aikana Albanian kristittyihin ja muihin "luokkavihollisiin" kohdistettiin voimakkaita vainoja. Voimakkaimmat aallot olivat 1940-luvulla, 1960-luvun lopulla ja 1980-luvun alussa. Katolinen kirkko on tutkinut sen pappeihin ja nunniin kohdistunutta vainoa. Esimerkiksi nunnia pakotettiin kävelemään kaduilla alasti. Myös raajojen hakkaamista irti on raportoitu. Vainoista kertoo myös papiston määrä: vuonna 1940 Albanian ortodoksikirkolla oli 440 pappia ja 91 diakonia, kun vuonna 1991 pappeja oli 12 ja diakoneja 3.[3]

Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. a b Countries: Albania Central Intelligence Agency: World Factbook. Viitattu 15.7.2023. (englanniksi)
  2. Albanian vuoden 2011 uskontotilastot pop-stat.mashke.org. Viitattu 28.6.2019. (albaniaksi)/(englanniksi)
  3. a b c Kurvinen, Virpi: Albania sukelsi syvälle ateismiin Uusi Tie. 9.12.2020. Viitattu 15.7.2023.
  4. Maat: Albania World Council of Churches. Viitattu 15.7.2023. (englanniksi)

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