Kreikkalaiset pyramidit

Ellinikón pyramidin rauniot.

Kreikkalaiset pyramidit ovat antiikin aikaisia pyramideja, joista useimmat sijaitsevat Argoliin alueella Kreikassa. Niitä on löydetty myös muualta Peloponnesokselta sekä muun muassa Boiotiasta. Pyramidit ovat suurimmaksi osaksi tuhoutuneet, ja ainoa paremmin säilynyt on niin kutsuttu Ellinikón pyramidi.[1][2]

Historia

Kreikkalaiset pyramidit ovat ainoa esimerkki muinaisesta pyramidimuotoisesta rakentamisesta Euroopan alueella.[2] Pyramidit ajoitetaan yleensä klassisen ja hellenistisen kauden taitteeseen 300-luvun eaa. lopulle, vaikkakin joskus niitä on yritetty sijoittaa jo niinkin varhaiseen aikaan kuin 2800–2500 eaa. tai 2500–2000 eaa. Pyramidit ovat jossakin määrin arvoituksellisia, sillä niiden alkuperää, käyttötarkoitusta tai mahdollista yhteyttä Egyptiin ei tunneta.[1] Mytologian kannalta on huomionarvoista, että pyramideja on erityisesti Argoliin alueella, jossa myyttien mukaan oli Danaoksen perustama egyptiläinen siirtokunta.[3]

Ainoa antiikin aikainen lähde, joka mainitsee pyramidit, on Pausanias. Hän kertoo Kreikan kuvauksessaan nykyisin Ellinikón pyramidina tunnetusta muinaisjäänteestä, ja sanoo sen olleen Proitoksen ja Akrisioksen joukkojen välisessä taistelussa kaatuneiden hauta. Näin hän ajoittaa sen jo myyttiaikaan.[1][4]

Nykytutkijat ovat esittäneet pyramideille useita mahdollisia käyttötarkoituksia: ne olisivat voineet olla paitsi hautoja tai muistomerkkejä myös pieniä linnoituksia, turvapaikkoja, vartio- tai viestitorneja tai liittyä maanviljelyyn tai tähtitieteeseen.[1][5]

Tunnetut pyramidit

Parhaiten tunnetut kreikkalaiset pyramidit ovat:[2][6]

Tutkijat ovat tunnistaneet ainakin 20 mahdollista pyramidia eri puolilla Kreikkaa.[2]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c d The Greek Pyramids Heritage Daily. Viitattu 14.2.2022.
  2. ↑ a b c d The pyramids of Greece Novo Scriptorium. Viitattu 14.2.2022.
  3. ↑ Smith, William: ”Argos”, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1854. Teoksen verkkoversio. (englanniksi)
  4. ↑ Pausanias: Kreikan kuvaus 2.25.7 (kreik.) (engl. käännös).
  5. ↑ The Pyramid of Hellinikon Eternal Greece. Viitattu 14.2.2022.
  6. ↑ Windell, David J.: Οι Αποκαλούμενες Πυραμίδες της Πελοποννήσου Μια συλλογή και αναθεώρηση των στοιχείων Των D.J. Windell και R. Webb 2019 Μετάφραση: Αναστασία Αναγνωστοπούλου Academia.edu. Viitattu 14.2.2022.
  7. ↑ Η «πυραμίδα» στην περιοχή Καμπία της Νέας Επιδαύρου. Η επίλυση ενός προβλήματος Αρχαιολογία & Τέχνες. Viitattu 14.2.2022.
  8. ↑ Η πυραμίδα στα Βιγκλάφια στη Νεάπολη Λακωνίας iEllada. 22.10.2018. Viitattu 14.2.2022.
  9. ↑ Amféion kukkulan sijainti: 38°19′31.6″N, 23°19′02.7″E
  10. ↑ Ποιοι φοβούνται και γιατί την πυραμίδα της Θήβας; Dioforetiko. Viitattu 14.2.2022.

Kirjallisuutta

  • Λάζος, Χρήστος Δ.: Πυραμίδες στην Ελλάδα. Αίολος, 1995. ISBN 9789607267863

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