KH-11

Konsepti piirustus, joka perustuu Hubble-avaruusteleskooppiin.[1]
Konsepti piirustus, joka perustuu Hubble-avaruusteleskooppiin.[1]

KH-11 on yhdysvaltalainen tiedustelusatelliittimalli, jota lähetettiin Maata kiertävälle radalle vuosien 1976 ja 2005 välillä. Satelliittissa oli tehokas teleskooppi, jonka oletetaan pystyneen kuvaamaan maanpintaa 15 senttimetrin tarkkuudella mikä on laskettu sen mukaan että se olisi käyttänyt 2,4 metrin läpimittaista peiliä. Siinä on ollut myös ELINT -laitteita. Satelliitin eri versioiden massa vaihteli 13 000 ja 17 000 kg:n välillä.[2]

Yhden satelliitin käyttöiän arveltiin 1970- ja 1980-luvulla olleen kolme vuotta ja kun sen polttoaine loppui, ohjattiin satelliitti tuhoutumaan ilmakehään.lähde?

Satelliitin versioita

  • KH-11/6 palveli joulukuusta 1984 lokakuuhun 1995 335–758 km:n korkeudessa, minkä arvellaan johtuneen siitä, että se oli jätetty radalleen.lähde?
  • KH-11/7 lähetettiin radalleen lokakuussa 1987 300–1 000 km:n korkeuteen.lähde?
  • KH-11/8 lähetettiin radalleen marraskuussa 1988 300–1 000 km:n korkeuteen.lähde?

KH-11 satelliitteja on käytetty mm. niin strategisten mannertenvälisten kuin myös keskipitkän matkan ohjusten laukaisualustojen valvontaan.[1]

CIA:n työntekijä William Kampiles myi KH-11:n teknisen käsikirjan kesällä 1977 saaden siitä luvatun 10 000 dollarin sijasta vain 3 000 dollaria. Kampiles sai teostaan 40 vuoden vankeusrangaistuksen, joka lyhennettiin 19 vuoteen.[3]

Vastaavanlainen järjestelmä on Ranskan ylläpitämä SPOT -järjestelmä, jota ylläpitää Centre National d’Etudes (CNES) Spatiales Tolousen lähellä.lähde?

Kiinalla Jiangbing -satelliitteihin kuuluvat kolmannen sukupolven FSW-2 -satelliittien on sanottu vastaavan KH-11:iä kuvauskalustoltaan.lähde?

Lista laukaisuista

Satelliitti COSPAR tunnus Päivämäärä Laukaisualusta Kantoraketti
KH-11 1 (Know 1) 1976-125A 12.19.1976 Va SLC-4E Titan-3D
KH-11 2 (Know 2) 1978-060A 14.6.1978 Va SLC-4E Titan-3D
KH-11 3 (Know 3, Crystal 3) 1980-010A 07.2.1980 Va SLC-4E Titan-3D
KH-11 4 (Know 4, Crystal 4) 1981-085A 3.9.1981 Va SLC-4E Titan-3D
KH-11 5 (Know 5, Crystal 5) 1982-111A 11.17.1982 Va SLC-4E Titan-3D
KH-11 6 (Crystal 6) 1984-122A 4.12.1984 Va SLC-4E Titan-34D
KH-11 7 (Crystal 7) 1985-F02 8.28.1985 Va SLC-4E Titan-34D
KH-11 8 (Crystal 8) 1987-090A 10.26.1987 Va SLC-4E Titan-34D
KH-11 9 (Crystal 9) 1988-099A 6.11.1988 Va SLC-4E Titan-34D
KH-11 10 (Crystal 10) 1992-083A 28.11.1992 Va SLC-4E Titan-4 (04)
KH-11 11 (Crystal 11) 1995-066A 12.5.1995 Va SLC-4E Titan-4 (04)
KH-11 12 (Crystal 12) 1996-072A 20.12.1996 Va SLC-4E Titan-4 (04)
KH-11 13 (Crystal 13) 2001-044A 5.10.2001 Va SLC-4E Titan-4 (04) B-
KH-11 14 (Crystal 14) 2005-042A 19.10.2005 Va SLC-4E Titan-4 (04) B-
KH-11 15 (Crystal 15) 2011-002A 20.1.2011 Va SLC-6 Delta-4H
KH-11 16 (Crystal 16) 2013-043A 8.28.2013 Va SLC-6 Delta-4H

[2]

Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c Covault, Craig: Top Secret KH-11 Spysat Design Revealed By NRO’s Twin Telescope Gift to NASA AmericaSpace. 6.6.2012. Viitattu 24.08.2018.
  2. ↑ a b Krebs, Gunter Dirk: KH-11 / Know / Crystal Gunter's Space Page. 4.6.2018. Viitattu 24.8.2018.
  3. ↑ O'Brien, John: A Stint In Spying, Years In Prison Chicago Tribune. 31.12.1995. Arkistoitu 24.8.2018. Viitattu 24.8.2018.

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