Gregorios Valontuoja

Gregorius Valontuoja 1300-luvun mosaiikissa.

Pyhä Gregorios Valontuoja (armeniaksi: Գրիգոր Լուսաւորիչ (Georgios Lusavoritš), myös Gregorios Armenialainen, 240 Vagharšapat – 332 Taron[1]) oli Armenian apostolisen kirkon perustaja ja sen ensimmäinen katolikos. Hän polveutui historiallista Parthian valtakuntaa hallinneesta arsakidien dynastiasta.

Gregorios pelastui lapsena sukuaan kohdanneelta joukkomurhalta pakenemalla Kappadokiaan, jossa hänet kastettiin kristityksi ja laitettiin paikallisen kirkkoisän oppiin. Myöhemmin Gregorios avioitui Miriam-nimisen armenialaisen naisen kanssa saaden kaksi poikaa. Noin vuonna 280 Gregorius palasi Armeniaan sovittaakseen isänsä tekemän kuningas Khosrov II:n murhan.[2] Khosrovin poika kuningas Tiridates III kuitenkin vangitsi Gregorioksen ja piti häntä 12 vuoden ajan nykyisen Khor Virapin luostarin alueella sijaitsevassa syvässä luolassa. Kirkollisen tradition mukaan Gregoriosta myös kidutettiin useilla julmilla tavoilla, hänen päälleen muun muassa kaadettiin sulaa lyijyä ja hänet heitettiin kyykäärmeitä täynnä olevaan kuoppaan. Jumalan armosta Gregorius kuitenkin selvisi kidutuksesta vahingoittumattomana.[3] Hänet vapautettiin noin vuonna 297 kun Rooman keisari Diocletianus oli pettänyt liittolaisensa Tiridatesin ja valloittanut osan Armenian kuningaskuntaa.[4]

Vuonna 301 Gregorius kastoi Tiridatesin sekä useita muita kuninkaallisen perheen ja paikallisen ylimystön jäseniä kristinuskoon. Kuningas valtuutti Gregoriuksen myös käännyttämään koko maan ja vielä samana vuonna Armeniasta tuli ensimmäinen kristinuskon valtionuskonnokseen ottanut valtakunta. Vuotta myöhemmin kayserilainen piispa Leontius vihki Gregoriuksen ensimmäiseksi Armenian piispaksi. Hän toimi virassa vuoteen 318 saakka, jolloin Gregorius nimitti tehtävään nuorimman poikansa Aristakesin.[4]

Gregorius vetäytyi elämänsä viimeisiksi vuosiksi Taronin provinssissa sijainneeseen luostariin, jossa hän kuoli noin vuonna 331.[5] Gregoriuksen ruumis kuljetettiin aluksi nykyisessä Turkissa sijaitsevan Erzincanin kaupungin lähistöllä olleeseen kylään, josta hänen ruumiinosiaan vietiin pyhäinjäännöksinä eri puolille silloista Itä-Roomaa. Gregoriuksen pään uskotaan joutuneen jonnekin päin Armeniaa, vasemman käden Vagharšapatin kaupunkiin ja oikean käden Kilikiaan.[4]

Armenian apostolisen kirkon lisäksi Gregorios on pyhimys myös muissa orientaaliortodoksissa kirkoissa, idän katolisissa kirkoissa sekä ortodoksisessa, katolisessa ja anglikaanisessa kirkossa.

Galleria

  • Sisäänkäynti Khor Virapin luolaan
    Sisäänkäynti Khor Virapin luolaan
  • Gregorioksen oikea käsi Kilikian piispanistuimessa
    Gregorioksen oikea käsi Kilikian piispanistuimessa

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Saint Gregory the Illuminator Encyclopaedia Britannica. Viitattu 8.11.2013.
  2. ↑ Gregory the Illuminator, Apostle To Armenia. Biographical sketches of memorable Christians of the past. Viitattu 8.11.2013.
  3. ↑ Gregorios Armenialainen Ortodoksi.net. Viitattu 8.11.2013.
  4. ↑ a b c Gregory the Illuminator Catholic Encyclopedia. Viitattu 8.11.2013.
  5. ↑ Feastday: September 30 Catholic Online. Viitattu 8.11.2013.

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