East London

East London
Oos-Londen
eMonti
East Londonin kaupungintalo.
East Londonin kaupungintalo.
Valtio Etelä-Afrikka
Provinssi Itä-Kap
Kunta Buffalo City
Perustettu 1872
Pinta-ala
 – Kokonaispinta-ala 168,86 km²
Väkiluku (2011) 267 007
 – Väestötiheys 1 581 as./km²
 – Metropolialue 810 528















East London (afrikaansiksi Oos-Londen, xhosaksi Imonti) on kaupunki Etelä-Afrikassa Itä-Kapin provinssissa, Intian valtameren rannikolla.[1]

East London on Buffalo Cityn kunnan keskus.[2] Kaupungissa oli noin 270 000 asukasta vuoden 2011 väestönlaskennassa, kun koko Buffalo Cityn kunnan alueella asukkaita oli yli 810 000 vuoden 2016 arvioissa.[3]

Maantiede

East London sijaitsee Etelä-Afrikassa Itä-Kapin provinssin kaakkoisosissa Intian valtameren rannikolla. Kaupunki on rakennettu Buffalojoen suulle.[1]

Ilmasto

East Londonissa on Köppenin ilmastoluokituksen mukaan lauhkea meri-ilmasto. Kesäisin on lämmintä ja sateista, talvisin on leutoa ja kuivempaa. Vuoden keskilämpötila on noin 18 °C ja keskimääräinen sademäärä 820 millimetriä. Helmikuu on lämpimin kuukausi. Silloin vuorokauden keskilämpötila on noin 22 °C. Viilein kuukausi on heinäkuu, jolloin keskilämpötila on noin 15 °C. Sateisin kuukausi on maaliskuu, jolloin sataa keskimäärin noin 100 millimetriä. Kesäkuu puolestaan on kuivin kuukausi. Silloin keskimääräinen sadanta on 36 millimetriä.[4]

Historia

Brittiläiset kävivät alueella ensimmäisen kerran vuonna 1836, ja nimesivät alueen sataman Port Rexiksi. Sitä käytettiin varustustukikohtana seitsemännen xhosasodan aikana vuonna 1946, ja kaupunki sai alkunsa brittiläisestä Fort Glamorganin linnoituksesta, joka valmistui vuonna 1847. Samaan aikaan se tuli osaksi Kapmaata. 1850-luvun loppupuolella saksalaisia uudisasukkaita saapui runsaasti, ja East Londonista tuli kaupunki vuonna 1873 ja suurkaupunki vuonna 1914.[1]

Talous

Nykyisin autoteollisuus on East Londonin suurimpia työllistäjiä. Siellä sijaitsee Mercedes-Benzin vuonna 1954 perustama tehdas, jossa on valmistettu vuosien varrella pariakymmentä Mercedes-mallia.[5] Kaupungissa on laajaa kalateollisuutta, ja sen teollisuus on monipuolista.[1]

Liikenne

East Londonin lentoasema sijaitsee 10 kilometriä kaupungin keskustasta kaakkoon. Sieltä on päivittäisiä lentoja Kapkaupunkiin, Johannesburgin ja Durbaniin. Kaupungista on runsaasti linja-autolinjoja moniin lähialueen kaupunkeihin, ja siellä on taksipalveluita. East Londonissa sijaitsee rautateiden pääteasema,[1] jonne juna kulkee kolme kertaa viikossa Johannesburgista Bloemfonteinin kautta.[6]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c d e East London britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica. Viitattu 11.4.2019. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ Municipality: Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality South African LED. Viitattu 16.6.2013.
  3. ↑ Buffalo City citypopulation.de. Citypopulation. Viitattu 11.4.2019. (englanniksi) (saksaksi)
  4. ↑ Climate East London climate-data.org. Climate-Data.org. Viitattu 9.4.2019. (englanniksi)
  5. ↑ Automotive: Mercedes-Benz South Africa Ltd. Invest Buffalo City. Arkistoitu 1.4.2019. Viitattu 9.4.2019. (englanniksi)
  6. ↑ Flights & getting there lonelyplanet.com. Lonely Planet. Viitattu 11.4.2019. (englanniksi)
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