Dietyylikarbonaatti

Dietyylikarbonaatti
Tunnisteet
CAS-numero 105-58-8
PubChem CID 7766
SMILES CCOC(=O)OCC[1]
Ominaisuudet
Molekyylikaava C5H10O3
Moolimassa 118,13 g/mol
Sulamispiste –43 °C[2]
Kiehumispiste 125,8 °C[2]
Tiheys 0,975 g/cm3[2]
Liukoisuus veteen 18,8 g/l (20 °C)[3]

Dietyylikarbonaatti (C5H10O3) on etanolin ja hiilihapon esteri. Yhdistettä käytetään orgaanisen kemian synteeseissä, liuottimena ja elektrolyyttinä litiumioniakuissa.

Ominaisuudet

Dietyylikarbonaatti on huoneenlämpötilassa väritöntä nestettä. Yhdiste on veteen liukenematonta, mutta liukenee orgaanisiin liuottimiin kuten etanoliin ja dietyylieetteriin.[2]

Valmistus ja käyttö

Dietyylikarbonaattia valmistetaan fosgeenin ja etanolin välisellä reaktiolla ja etanolia käytetään ylimäärin. Sivutuotteena muodostuu vetykloridia. Muodostuvasta tuotteesta poistetaan ylimääräinen reagoimaton etanoli tislaamalla.[2][4]

Dietyylikarbonaattia käytetään pääasiassa selluloosajohdannaisten, kuten nitroselluloosa ja selluloosaeettereiden ja -estereiden, ja hartsien liuottimina. Siitä valmistetaan myös lääkeaineita, väriaineita ja maatalouskemikaaleja.[2][4][5] Dietyylikarbonaattia voidaan käyttää myös liuottimena ja elektrolyyttinä litiumioniakuissa.[6]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Diethyl carbonate – Substance summary PubChem. NCBI. Viitattu 21.3.2015.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Alén, Raimo: Kokoelma orgaanisia yhdisteitä: Ominaisuudet ja käyttökohteet, s. 519. Helsinki: Consalen Consulting, 2009. ISBN 978-952-92-5627-3
  3. ↑ Diethyl carbonate:Water solubility European Chemicals Agency. Viitattu 11.7.2024. (englanniksi)
  4. ↑ a b Hans-Josef Buysch: Carbonic Esters, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000. Viitattu 21.3.2015
  5. ↑ Charles B. Kreutzberger: Chloroformates and Carbonates, Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001. Viitattu 21.3.2015
  6. ↑ Gholam-Abbas Nazri,Gianfranco Pistoia: Lithium Batteries, s. 173. Springer, 2009. ISBN 978-0-387-92674-2 Kirja Googlen teoshaussa Viitattu 21.3.2015. (englanniksi)

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