Arsinoites

Arsinoites
Ἀρσινοίτης
𓉍
Sijainti

Arsinoites
Koordinaatit 29°21′32″N, 30°44′12″E
Valtio Egypti
Historia
Tyyppi nomos
Ajanjakso muinainen Egypti
kreikkalainen ja roomalainen Egypti
Valtakunta muinaisen Egyptin dynastiat
Ptolemaiosten valtakunta
Rooman valtakunta
Alue Ylä-Egypti (Keski-Egypti)
Numero 21. (U21)
Pääkaupunki Krokodeilopolis/Arsinoe
Aiheesta muualla

Arsinoites Commonsissa

Arsinoites (m.kreik. Ἀρσινοίτης νομός, Arsinoitēs nomos),[1][2], egyptiläisittäin Naret-pehet (egypt. 𓉍, Nꜥrt-pḥt), oli muinaisen Egyptin nomos eli maakunta tai hallintopiiri. Se sijaitsi Ylä-Egyptissä ja oli numeroltaan kyseisen alueen 21. nomos.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]

Nomoksen alkuperäisen egyptinkielisen nimen suomennos on ”Pohjoinen sykomori”. Nimestä esiintyy tutkimuksessa lukuisia erilaisia lukutapoja ja translitteraatioita, jo mainitun lisäksi myös muun muassa N‘ar(e)t-peḥtet, Noret-pehu ja Atef-pehu. Nomoksen kreikankielinen nimi oli aiemmin Krokodeilopolites (Κροκοδειλοπολίτης νομός, Krokodeilopolitēs nomos).[1] Tutkimuksessa nomokseen viitataan usein tunnuksella U21.[3][4][5][6][7][9]

Maantiede

Arsinoiteen nomos oli yksi Ylä-Egyptin 22 nomoksesta, ja se oli numeronsa mukaisesti alueen 21. nomos Niilin yläjuoksulta laskien. Se sijaitsi Ala-Egyptin vastaisella rajalla Ylä-Egyptin pohjoisosassa, ja luettiin joskus kuuluvaksi erilliseen Keski-Egyptiin eli Heptanomiihin.[11] Nomos käsitti erityisesti Faijumin keitaan alueen Niilin länsipuolella,[1] noin 100 kilometriä lounaaseen nykyisestä Kairosta.[12] Sen eteläpuolella eli yläjuoksulla päin sijaitsi Herakleopoliteen nomos (U20), itäpuolella eli joen toisella puolella Afroditopoliteen nomos (U22), ja pohjoispuolella eli alajuoksulla päin Ala-Egyptin ensimmäinen eli Memfiteen nomos (L01).

Nomoksen pääkaupunkina (mētropolis) esiintyy yleensä Arsinoe eli aiempi Krokodeilopolis, egyptiläisittäin Shedet.[6][13] Nomoksen muita kaupunkeja olivat Akanthon eli Shenakhen/Semenuhor (nyk. Kafr Ammar and Kafr Tarkhan?),[8] Itjtawy ja Karanis.[12]

Nomoksen pinta-alaksi on jossakin vaiheessa sen historiaa laskettu vähintään 233 409 aruraa (auranalaa) eli yli 643 neliökilometriä.[13]

Historia

Ylä-Egyptin 21. nomos oli olemassa egyptiläisellä nimellään jo Egyptin faaraodynastioiden kaudella. Kreikkalaisella nimellään se perustettiin hellenistisellä kaudella, ptolemaiosten aikana 200-luvulla eaa. Se tunnettiin aluksi nimellä Krokodeilopolis. Ptolemaios II antoi sille uuden nimen Arsinoites vaimonsa Arsinoen mukaan.[1] Nimi oli käytössä Egyptin kreikkalais-roomalaisena aikana. Tutkimuksessa nomoksesta käytetään usein tunnusta U21, jolla siihen voidaan viitata nimenmuutoksista riippumatta.

Nomoksen aluetta eli Faijumia asutettiin voimakkaasti ptolemaiosten aikana, ja sitä otettiin entistä enemmän maanviljelyskäyttöön. Nomos oli jaettu jo varhain kolmeen pienempään hallinnolliseen alueeseen, osaan (μερίς, meris, mon. μερίδες, merides),[1][14] päin vastoin kuin perinteisemmät nomokset. Osat oli nimetty johtavien hallintovirkamiesten mukaan nimille Polemonin meris (Πολέμωνος μερίς, Polemōnos meris), Themistoksen meris (Θεμίστου μερίς, Themistū meris) ja Herakleideen meris (Ηρακλείδου μερίς, Hērakleidū meris).[1]

Nomoksen pääjumalia olivat krotokotiilijumala Sobek[4] sekä Khnum ja Osiris. Faarao Senusret I:n niin kutsutussa Valkoisessa kappelissa nomoksen jumalana esiintyy Khnum.[8]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Salmenkivi, Erja: Papyrusten aika, s. 56–59. Helsinki: Teos, 2019. ISBN 978-951-851-892-4
  2. ↑ Arsinoites (Fayum) Trismegistos. Viitattu 19.10.2020.
  3. ↑ a b Petrie, W. M. Flinders: The Nomes of Egypt Coins of Roman Egypt. Viitattu 19.10.2020.
  4. ↑ a b c Budge, Ernest Alfred Wallis: The Gods of the Egyptians, s. 96–. (Volume 1. Egypt Series. Studies in egyptian mythology) Courier Corporation, 1969. ISBN 9780486220550
  5. ↑ a b Sitek, Dariusz: Nomes of Egypt narmer.pl. 2000–2020. Viitattu 19.10.2020.
  6. ↑ a b c Itinerario nei nomoi dell'alto e del basso Egitto L'Archipendolo. Viitattu 19.10.2020.
  7. ↑ a b List of places Trismegistos. Viitattu 19.10.2020.
  8. ↑ a b c Upper Egypt province ('nome') 21 Digital Egypt for Universities. 2002. University College London. Viitattu 19.10.2020.
  9. ↑ a b Duemichen, Johannes & Spiegelberg, Wilhelm: Zur Geographie des alten Ägypten. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1894. Teoksen verkkoversio.
  10. ↑ Arsinoites/Krokodeilopolites Nomos Pleiades. Viitattu 19.10.2020.
  11. ↑ Wilkinson, J. Gardner: Ancient Egyptians (2 Vols), s. 230. Routledge, 2013. ISBN 9781134568635 Teoksen verkkoversio.
  12. ↑ a b Nomes Sesh Kemet Egyptian Scribe 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖. Arkistoitu 16.11.2020. Viitattu 19.10.2020.
  13. ↑ a b Bagnall, Roger S.: Egypt in Late Antiquity, s. 333–335. Princeton University Press, 1996. ISBN 9780691010960
  14. ↑ Liddell, Henry George & Scott, Robert: μερίς, ἡ A Greek-English Lexicon. 1940. Oxford: Clarendon Press / Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. (englanniksi)

Aiheesta muualla

Muinaisen Egyptin nomokset
Ala-Egypti1. Memfites · 2. Letopolites · 3. Libya · 4. Prosopites · 5. Saites · 6. Ksoites · 7. Metelites · 8. Heroopolites · 9. Busirites · 10. Athribites · 11. Leontopolites · 12. Sebennytes · 13. Heliopolites · 14. Sethroites · 15. Hermopolites · 16. Mendesios · 17. Diospolites Kato · 18. Bubastites · 19. Tanites · 20. Arabia
Ylä-Egypti1. Ombites · 2. Apollonopolites · 3. Latopolites · 4. Pathyrites · 5. Koptites · 6. Tentyrites · 7. Diospolites Mikros · 8. Thinites · 9. Panopolites · 10. Antaiopolites · 11. Hypselites · 12. Hierakonpolites · 13. Lykopolites · 14. Kussites · 15. Hermopolites · 16. Antinoites · 17. Kynopolites · 18. Ankyropolites · 19. Oksyrhynkhites · 20. Herakleopolites · 21. Arsinoites · 22. Afroditopolites

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