Lactobacillus

Lactobacillus
Sailkapen zientifikoa
ErreinuaBacillati
FilumaBacillota
KlaseaBacilli
OrdenaLactobacillales
FamiliaLactobacillaceae
Generoa Lactobacillus
Datu orokorrak
Gram tindaketaGrampositibo

Lactobacillus generoa bakterio Gram positiboz osatuta dago, bazilo itxura dutenak. Anaerobio fakultatiboak dira eta ez dira mugitzen. Batzuetan filamentuetan biltzen dira. Ez dute esporarik sortzen.

Lactobacillus generoak, Streptococcus-ekin batera, bakterio laktikoen taldea osatzen du. Talde honetako bakterioek metabolismo berezia dute, glukosa hartzitzen baitute azido laktiko sortuz. Hartzidura laktiko horrek garrantzia handia du zenbait industri-prozesutan, jogurtgintzan edo gaztagintzan, besteak beste.

Lactobacillus-en ezaugarri biokimiko nagusiak hauek dira:

Bizilekuari dagokionez, genero honetako bakterio batzuk saprofitoak dira, eta beste batzuk komentsalak; azken hauek giza gorputzean aurki daitezke (ahoan, hesteetan edo baginan), inongo kalterik egin gabe. Izan ere, Lactobacillus gehienak ez dira patogenoak.

Azido laktikoa sortzerakoan Lactobacillus-ek ingurumenaren pH jaisten du. Genero honetako bakterioak oso erresistenteak dira pH azidoekiko, eta gai dira hazteko pH oso bajua denean ere (adibidez, jogurt-ean).

Janari eskakizun zorrotzak dituztenez, hazkuntza-inguru aberatsak erabiltzen dira laborategian hazteko.


Erabilera industriala

Laktobaziloek garrantzi handia dute esnekien industrian, Streptococcus-en antzera. Esnearen laktosa hartzitzen dute, azido laktikoa sortuz (horretarako, baina, lehen laktosa glukosan eta galaktosan hidrolizatzen dute). Horren ondorioz esnearen pH asko jaisten da, mamia eta jogurt bezalako produktuak agertuz. Gaztagintzan ere funtsezko zeregina betetzen dute mikrobio hauek, hasierako fasean zein gaztaren heltze prozesuan.

Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei eta Lactobacillus acidophilus dira bakterio erabilienak esnekien industrian.

Jogurt-aren sortze prozesuan, esaterako, bi mikrobiok parte hartzen dute: Streptococcus thermophilus eta Lactobacillus bulgaricus; azkenaren ordez Lactobacillus casei ere erabiltzen da sarritan.

Bestalde, Lactobacillus generoko espezie batzuk probiotiko moduan erabiltzen dira sarri, dituzten ustezko osasun-onurak direla-eta.

Wikimedia Commonsen badira fitxategi gehiago, gai hau dutenak: Lactobacillus Aldatu lotura Wikidatan

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