Kuliska zuri

Kuliska zuri
Iraute egoera

Arrisku txikia  (IUCN 3.1)
Sailkapen zientifikoa
KlaseaAves
OrdenaCharadriiformes
FamiliaScolopacidae
GeneroaTringa
Espeziea Tringa nebularia
Gunnerus, 1767
Banaketa mapa
Datu orokorrak
Masa30,5 g
173 g
Zabalera0,61 m
Kumaldiaren tamaina4
Errute denbora26 egun
Kuliska zuria.

Kuliska zuria (Tringa nebularia) scolopacidae familiako hegazti zangaluzea da[1]

Eurasiako hegazti hau neguan Afrikara, hegoaldeko Asiara eta Australasiara migratzen da.

Deskribapena

Tamaina ertaineko hegazti limikoloa da. 30-33 cm arteko luzera eta 68-70 cm arteko hego-zabalera ditu eta 155-210 gramo artean pisatzen du[2]. Hegazti estilosoa da hanka eta moko luzeak dituena[3]. Hankak luzeak eta gris-berde kolorekoak dira, mokoa aldiz gris-urdinxka, pixkat gorantza kurbaturik dagoena[4]. Ugalketa garaian lepoa, bularraldea eta sabelaldea zuriak dira baina oso marratuak dira. Bizkarraldea ilunagoa da, luma gris eta marroiez hornitua. Gainerako sasoietan bizkarraldea apalagoa da eta sabelaldea oso zuria, hortik bere izena[4]. Kuliska gaztearen lumaia marroiagoa.

Hegan ari denean marra zuri zabal bat agertzen du bizkarraldearen erdialdetik hasi eta buztaneraino[5].

Habitata

Ipar Europan (batez ere Finlandian[2]) ugaltzen den hegazti hau Mediterraneora eta Afrika tropikalera migratzen da neguan. Euskal Herrian migrazio pase horietan ikusten da, Txingudin[6], Urdaibaien[7] eta Salburuan[8] adibidez.

Kumaldiak izateko estepak eta basoen ertzak aukeratzen ditu eta mendialdeak eta landare sarria duten eremuak ekiditen ditu. Migrazioetan edozein hezegune aprobetxatzen ditu, hala kostaldekoak (estuarioak, padurak...) nola kontinente barneko aintzirak[3].

Elikadura

Arrain txiki eta ornogabeek osatzen dute kuliska zuriaren dietaren gehiengoa, limoetan mokoa sartuz eta alde batetik bestera mugituz[5] aurkitzen dituen poliketoak, intsektuak eta krustazeoak hain zuzen ere. Ugalketa garaian ordea dieta osatuagoa behar du eta arrain txikiak ere harrapatzen ditu[3].

Ugalketa

Apirila eta maiatza artean ugaltzen da (Eskandinavian ekainean ere bai) Habia lurrean egiten du, basoen argiguneetan arroka edo sasien artean. Zulo bat egiten du eta makiltxoz eta lumatxaz estaltzen du. Hiru arrautza jartzen ditu, kolore zuri edo beis-ekoak eta orban gorrizka ugari dituztenak. 23-36 egun artean txitatu ondoren jaiotzen dira txitak eta 25-31 egun behar dituzte erabat garatzeko[3].

Taxonomia

Johan Ernst Gunnerus naturalista norvegiarrak deskribatu zuen aurrenekoz, 1767. urtean[9]. Scolopax nebularia izena eman zion, nebularia izenak "behelainoa" esan nahi du[10]. Beranduago Tringa generoan sartu zen.

Ez zaio azpiespezierik ezagutzen.

Galeria

  • Udako lumaia.
    Udako lumaia.
  • Neguko lumaia.
    Neguko lumaia.
  • Kuliska zuriak hegan.
    Kuliska zuriak hegan.
  • Kuliska arraina harrapatzen.
    Kuliska arraina harrapatzen.
  • Arrautza.
    Arrautza.

Erreferentziak

  1. ↑ BirdLife International (2004). Tringa nebularia. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006.
  2. ↑ a b «Archibebe claro, Tringa nebularia - Aves - NatureGate» www.luontoportti.com (Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-01-04).
  3. ↑ a b c d «Archibebe claro» SEO/BirdLife.
  4. ↑ a b «Archibebe Claro» www.pajaricos.es (Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-01-04).
  5. ↑ a b (Gaztelaniaz) «Archibebe claro - eBird» ebird.org (Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-01-04).
  6. ↑ Sarasua, Asier. «Txingudiko padurak eta Plaiaundiko naturgunea» Eibar.ORG | Eibarko peoria (Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-01-04).
  7. ↑ «Jadanik bueltan dira - Urdaibai Bird Center» www.birdcenter.org (Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-01-04).
  8. ↑ Salburuko ornitologiari buruzko berriak « Atariaren bloga. (Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-01-04).
  9. ↑ (Ingelesez) «Tringa nebularia (Gunnerus, 1767)» www.gbif.org (Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-01-04).
  10. ↑ (Ingelesez) «Scolopax nebularia Gunnerus, 1767» www.gbif.org (Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-01-04).

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