Ikerketa institutu

Ikerketa institutua, ikerkuntza institutua, ikerlan institutua edo ikerketa erakundea ikerketak egiteko sortutako establezimendua da. Ikerketa institutuak oinarrizko ikerketan espezializatu daitezke edo ikerketa aplikatura bideratu daitezke. Terminoak sarritan natura-zientzien ikerketa inplikatzen badu ere, gizarte zientzietan ere ikerketa institutu asko daude, batez ere ikerketa soziologiko eta historikoetarako.

Ikerketa institutu ospetsuak

Erdi Aroko hasieran, hainbat behatoki astronomiko eraiki ziren islamiar munduan. Horietako lehena IX. mendeko Bagdadeko behatokia izan zen al-Ma'mun kalifa abasidarren garaian eraikitakoa, nahiz eta ospetsuenak XIII. mendeko Maragheh behatokia eta XV. mendeko Ulugh Beg Behatokia izan.

Keralako Astronomia eta Matematika Eskola matematika eta astronomia eskola bat izan zen, Sangamagramako Madhavak Keralan (India) sortu zuena. Eskolak XIV eta XVI. mendeen artean loratu zuen eta badirudi eskolaren jatorrizko aurkikuntzak Narayana Bhattathirirekin (1559-1632) amaitu zirela. Problema astronomikoak ebazten saiatzean, Keralako eskolak bere kabuz hainbat kontzeptu matematiko garrantzitsu aurkitu zituen.

Europako lehen ikerketa institutua Tycho Braheren Uraniborg konplexua izan zen Ven uhartean, izarren neurketa oso zehatzak egiteko sortu zen XVI. mendeko laborategi astronomikoa. Estatu Batuetan ikerketa institutu aipagarri ugari daude, besteak beste, Bell Labs, Xerox parkea, The Scripps Ikerketa Institutua, Beckman Institutua, RTI Nazioartekoa eta SRI Nazioartekoa. Hughes Aircraft-ek ikerketa-institutuaren egitura erabili zuen bere antolaketa-eredurako. [1]

Thomas Edison, "The Wizard of Menlo Park" izenekoa, [2] 1800ko hamarkadaren amaieran ekoizpen masiboaren eta eskala handiko talde-lanaren printzipioak asmakuntza-prozesuan aplikatu zituen lehen asmatzaileetako bat izan zen, eta horregatik sarritan industria-ikerkuntzako lehen laborategiaren sorrera egozten zaio. [3]

Erreferentziak

  1. Hughes After Howard, Kenneth Richardson, 2011, pg88, ISBN 978-0-9708050-8-9
  2. «The Wizard of Menlo Park» The Franklin Institute.
  3. Walsh, Bryan. (15 July 2009). The Electrifying Edison. Time.com.

Kanpo estekak

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