Fitoplankton

Itsas biologian edo limnologian fitoplankton planktonaren izaki autotrofoei deritze. Alegia, fotosintesia egiteko gai dira, euren elikagaia ekoiztuz. Izena grekeratik datorkie: alde batetik, φύτον (phyton, "landare") eta, bestetik, πλαγκτος ("plánktos", "arlote" edo "bilinbolaka doana").[1]

Ezaugarriak

Diatomeak mikroskopiotik.

Talde honen barnean tradizonalki algatzat harturiko eta ikerturiko (botanikak eta,bereziki, fikologiak) hainbat izaki daude. Gaur egun, organismo hauek bakteriatzat - zianobakteriak|alga urdinak - edo protistatzat. Talde garrantzitsuenetarikoa, bere ugaritasuna eta dibersitateagatik, diatomeen taldea da. Mikroorganismo horiek pigmentu horixkak dituzte.

Nahiz eta, oro har, planktona organismo mikroskopikoez osaturik dagoela uste den, badira zenbait alga ozeanoan askatasun osoz bizi daitezkeenak, hala nola: sargazoak. Hala ere, fitoplanktonaren zati dira.

Garrantzi ekologikoa

Fitoplanktona uretako ekosistemen kate trofikoaren oinarrian aurkitzen da, organismo nagusiagoen elikagai baita. Honela, uretako ekoizpen primarioaren zati garrantzitsuenaren ardura berea da, batik bat uretako animalietan.

Hala eta guztiz ere, horrez gain, fitoplanktona oxigenoaren presentziaren erruduna da.[2]. Fotosintesi oxigenikoa zianobakterioengatik agertu zen, zeintzuk alga eukariotoen plastoen arbasoak diren. 2.000 milioi ingurko tartean, hau da, lurreko landareen garapenera arte, fotosintesia uretako ezaugarria zen.

Loramendua edo "bloom"a

Fitoplanktona Argentinako kostaldean.

Halere, azkarregi ugalduz gero, fitoplanktona zenbait arazo ekologikoren sorburu da: elikagai gehiegi egotean eta tenperatura egokia izatekotan, mikroorgansmo hauek erraz ugal daitezke erritmo oso bizkorrean. Honenbestez, loramendua edo marea gorria jazotzen da zenbait itsasotan[2]. Egoera honetan, urak kolore berdexka hartzen du, baina egun baten edo biren buruan (tenperaturaren arabera) marroixka bilakatzen da. Hori planktonak elikagaiak agortzean eta hiltzen hasten denean gertatzen da. Momentu horretan, uretako organismoen deskonposaketa dela eta, oxigenoa agortzen da eta horrek animalien itotzea eragiten du. Egoera hau naturala izan badaiteke ere, eutrofizazioak ere efektu bera du.

La Jollako marea gorria, Kalifornian.

Loramendu naturaletan elikagaien agorpenak edo tenperaturaren berrezartzeak egoera amaiarazi dezake.

Arestian esan bezala, marea gorria ere eragin ditzakete. Hori, zenbait organizsmok toxinak askatzean jazotzen da, hala nola: "alga marroi" deritzenak.[2]. Hau dela eta, akuikulturako hainbat instalazio bota behar izan dituzte.

Ikus gainera

Erreferentziak

  1. ↑ Thurman, H. V. (1997). Introductory Oceanography. New Jersey: Prentice Hall College. ISBN 0-13-262072-3
  2. ↑ a b c PARDO, A. y CAMARA, N. (2004): Mareas rojas, la rebelión del plancton. Inmersión, nº 49, pp.54-60.

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