Egituren ingeniaritza

Eiffel dorrea, Parisen, egituren ingeniaritzaren lorpen historikoa da.

Egituren ingeniaritza edo ingeniaritza estrukturala edo ingeniaritza zibilaren adar bat da, gizakiak sortutako egiturei forma emateko eratzen diren 'hezurrak eta muskuluak' diseinatzera zuzendua dagoena. Egituren ingeniaritzan eraikinen eta beste egitura batzuen egonkortasuna, indarra eta zurruntasuna ulertu eta kalkulatu behar dira. Sarritan, egituren ingeniariek arkitektoekin eta eraikuntzen ingeniariekin egiten dute lan proiektuak diseinatu eta gainbegiratzeko. Eraikuntzaz aparte, makinak, ekipamendu medikoak eta ibilgailuak sortzen ere lagun dezakete, haien osotasun estrukturalak garrantzia duenean beren funtzionamendurako eta segurtasunerako.

Egituren ingeniaritzaren teoriaren oinarrian materialen eta geometrien lege fisikoak eta ezagutza enpirikoak daude. Gehienetan, egiturazko elementu sinpleetatik abiatuta sistema konplexuak sortu ohi dituzte egituren ingeniariek.


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