Arbaso komun

Genealogian, bi pertsonaren arbaso komuna euren zuhaitz genealogikoetan bat datorren arbasoa da, bien arteko ahaidetasuna frogatzen duena. Adibidez, lehengusuen arbaso komunak aiton-amonak dira.

Biologia ebolutiboan, arbaso komuna organismo bizidunen multzo batek partekatzen duen arbaso bat da. Oro har, badaude zenbait ziurtasun Lurreko izaki bizidun guztiek arbaso komun bakarra partekatzen dutela esateko. Arbaso horri azken arbaso komun unibertsala esaten zaio. 2016an zenbait zientzialarik azken arbaso komun unibertsalaren 355 generen multzo bat identifikatu zuten, bizitzaren hiru domeinuetako genomak alderatuta.

Espezie desberdinetako organismoen arbaso komunak espeziazio prozesua gertatzean sortzen dira, aurretik existitzen den jatorrizko populazio batetik espezie berriak agertzen direnean. Arbaso komun berriagoa duten organismoak estuagoki erlazionatuta daude.

Haatik, geneen transferentzia horizontalak zalantzak sortzen ditu bizitzaren azken arbaso komun unibertsalaren teoriaren inguruan, mekanismo horren arabera, geneen transferentziak ez baitira beti bertikalak, arbasoetatik ondorengoetara.

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