Kruus

 See artikkel on settest; anuma kohta vaata artiklit Kruus (anum); perekonnanime kohta Kruus (perekonnanimi)

Kruus ja veerised Partsi karjääris Hiiumaal

Kruus on purdsete, mille osakeste läbimõõt on valdavalt 2–64 mm.[1]

Eestis on varem kasutatud ka purdsetete klassifikatsiooni, mille järgi nimetatakse kruusaks purdsetet terasuurusega 1–10 mm.[2][3]

Kruusa keskmine tihedus on 1800 kg/m³.

Purdsette terasuurus, mida nimetatakse kruusaks, erineb riigiti. Kruusast peenem purdsete on liiv.

Suured kruusalademed on maailmas kõikjal tavalised. Kruus tekib kaljude murenemise ja erosiooni tulemusena. Jõgede ja lainete tegevusel kipub kruus kuhjuma. Mõnikord muutuvad kruusakuhjatised pika aja jooksul suure rõhu all olemisest settekivimiks, mida nimetatakse konglomeraadiks.

Kruusase pinnasega aladel on taimkate tavalisest kesisem. See tuleneb kruusa väikesest võimest niiskust siduda ja sellest tulenevast mineraalainete vähesusest.

Kruus on maavara, mida kasutatakse mitmeti. Liiva ja kruusa kasutatakse betooni tootmisel. Paljud teed on kaetud kruusaga ja neid nimetatakse kruusateedeks. Kogu maailma arvestuses on kruusateid märksa rohkem kui asfaldi või betooniga kaetud teid. Eriti levinud on nad maapiirkondades, kus on väike liiklustihedus. Eestiski ületas kruusateede kogupikkus veel nõukogude aja lõpus märgatavalt asfaltteede kogupikkuse (tänapäeval on asfaltteid juba rohkem). Kruusateid on odavam ehitada kui asfaltteid, aga nad kuluvad rohkem ja neisse tekivad kergemini augud. Lisaks kruusateed tolmavad ja nende ääres võivad kõik taimed olla kaetud valge või halli kruusatolmuga. Sellepärast ei soovitata kruusateede ääres kasvavate taimede osi süüa.

Kruusa kaevandatakse. Kruusakarjääre, eriti väikesi, nimetatakse kruusaaukudeks. Kui looduslikest kruusalademetest väheks jääb, saab kruusa ka valmistada. Selleks kaevandatakse ja purustatakse teisi kivimeid, näiteks liivakivi, lubjakivi ja basalti.

Viited

  1. Rein Sinisalu, Anne Kleesment (2002). Purdsetete granulomeetrilisest klassifikatsioonist. Eesti Geoloogiakeskuse Toimetised. 10/1. Lk 20–26
  2. Anto Raukas (1964). Purdkivimite terasuuruse klassifikatsioon
  3. Anto Raukas. (1981). Purdkivimite ja purdsetete klassifikatsioon terasuuruse järgi

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