Estrella de Campbell

Estrella de Campbell
Constelación Cygnus
Ascensión recta α 19h 34min 45,2s
Declinación δ +30°30′59″
Distancia 3900 años luz (aprox)
Magnitud visual +10,41
Magnitud absoluta -1,5
Luminosidad 6000 soles
Temperatura 55 000 K
Masa 0,6 soles
Radio 0,85 soles
Tipo espectral WC9
Velocidad radial -30,4 km/s
La estrella de Campbell y la nebulosa planetaria asociada a ella observadas por el telescopio espacial Hubble.[1]​

La estrella de Campbell (HD 184738 / HIP 96295 / BD+30 3639)[2]​ —también conocida como la estrella de hidrógeno de Campbell— es la estrella central de la nebulosa planetaria PK 064+05 1. Se localiza en la constelación del Cisne 2,5° al norte de Albireo (β Cygni) y 1° al este de φ Cygni. Se encuentra a unos 1200 pársecs —3900 años luz— del sistema solar.[3]​[4]​

De magnitud aparente +10,41,[2]​ la estrella de Campbell es una estrella de Wolf-Rayet de carbono de tipo espectral [WC9]. Extraordinariamente caliente —tiene una temperatura efectiva de 55 000 K—, es 6000 veces más luminosa que el Sol. Es una estrella deficiente en hidrógeno en un avanzado estado evolutivo. Aunque su masa actual es un 60 % de la que tiene el Sol, se piensa que su progenitora era una estrella de ~ 2 masas solares ahora en la fase de la rama asintótica gigante (RAG); en última instancia se transformará en una enana blanca.[3]​ Su composición química es muy diferente a la del Sol; es deficiente en hierro (Fe/O ~ 0,3) pero muestra unos elevados contenidos de carbono y neón (C/O ~ 30).[4]​

La nebulosa planetaria asociada a la estrella de Campbell tiene una edad aproximada de 700 u 800 años.[3]​[4]​ En contraste con el polvo asociado a otras estrellas WC tardías, compuesto fundamentalmente por carbono amorfo, esta nebulosa planetaria muestra polvo de silicato cristalino, indicando un cambio reciente de una química dominada por el oxígeno a otra dominada por el carbono.[3]​ Se ha propuesto que la existencia de una compañera estelar podría compaginar la composición del polvo de la nebulosa planetaria con la deficiencia de hidrógeno de la estrella central.

Referencias

  1. ↑ «A giant, smouldering star». ESA/Hubble Picture of the Week. Consultado el 17 de septiembre de 2013. 
  2. ↑ a b Campbell's star - Planetary Nebula (SIMBAD)
  3. ↑ a b c d Crowther, Paul A.; Morris, P. W.; Smith, J. D. (2006). «An Ultraviolet to Mid-Infrared Study of the Physical and Wind Properties of HD 164270 (WC9) and Comparison to BD +30 3639 (WC9)». The Astrophysical Journal 636 (2). pp. 1033-1044. Archivado desde el original el 9 de agosto de 2018. Consultado el 19 de junio de 2009. 
  4. ↑ a b c Yu, Young Sam; Nordon, Raanan; Kastner, Joel H.; Houck, John; Behar, Ehud; Soker, Noam (2009). «The X-Ray Spectrum of a Planetary Nebula at High Resolution: Chandra Gratings Spectroscopy of BD +30°3639». The Astrophysical Journal 690 (1). pp. 440-452. 

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