Dipterocarpaceae

Dipterocarpaceae

Taxonomía
Reino: Plantae
División: Magnoliophyta
Clase: Magnoliopsida
Orden: Malvales
Familia: Dipterocarpaceae
Blume
Géneros

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Sinonimia

Monotaceae

Dipterocarpaceae es una familia de 17 géneros y aproximadamente 680 especies, principalmente árboles tropicales de tierras bajas en la selva lluviosa. Los géneros más extensos son Shorea (360 especies), Hopea (105 especies), Dipterocarpus (70 especies), y Vatica (60 especies). Son grandes plantas que alcanzan los 40-70 metros de altura, siendo su representante más alto una Shorea faguetiana de 88 m. Su distribución es pantropical, desde el norte de Sudamérica hasta África, las Seychelles, India, Indochina y Malasia, con una gran diversidad en el oeste de Malasia. Algunas especies se encuentran en peligro por su intensiva tala. De ellas se extrae madera, aceites esenciales, aromáticos, balsámicos y resinas.

A causa de que la mayoría de las especies son taladas ilegalmente, Greenpeace sugiere a los consumidores que eviten usar estos productos.[1]

La familia dipterocarpaceae se divide en tres subfamilias:

  • Dipterocarpoideae: la más extensa de las subfamilias, contiene 13 géneros y 470-650 especies. Se distribuye por Seychelles, Sri Lanka, India, sudeste de Asia a Nueva Guinea, pero la mayoría de las especies se encuentran en la Malasia húmeda. Dipterocarpoideae puede ser dividida en dos grupos (Ashton, 1982; and Maury-Lechon and Curtet, 1998):
    • Valvate-Dipterocarpi (Anisoptera, Cotylelobium, Dipterocarpus, Stemonoporus, Upuna, Vateria, Vateriopsis, Vatica).
    • Imbricate-Shoreae (Balanocarpus, Hopea, Parashorea, Shorea).

Géneros

Referencias

  • Ashton, P.S. Dipterocarpaceae. Flora Malesiana, 1982 Series I, 92: 237-552.
  • Maury-Lechon, G. and Curtet, L. Biogeography and Evolutionary Systematics of Dipterocarpaceae. In A Review of Dipterocarps: Taxonomy, ecology and silviculture, 1998. Appanah, S. and Turnbull, J.M. eds. Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia. ISBN 979-8764-20-X.
  • Dayanandan, S. Ashton, P.S. Williams, S.M. Primack, R.B. 1999. Phylogeny of the tropical tree family Dipterocarpaceae based on nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast RBCL gene. American Journal of Botany. 86(8): 1182.
  • M. Ducousso, G. Béna, C. Bourgeois, B. Buyck, G. Eyssartier, M. Vincelette, R. Rabevohitra, L. Randrihasipara, B. Dreyfus, Y. Prin. The last common ancestor of Sarcolaenaceae and Asian dipterocarp trees was ectomycorrhizal before the India-Madagascar separation, about 88 million years ago. Molecular Ecology 13: 231 January 2004.

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