Citricultura

Principales regiones de cultivo de cítricos (en rojo)

La citricultura es la rama de la fruticultura que se dedica principalmente al estudio, cultivo y comercio de las especies frutales del género Citrus, comúnmente llamados cítricos o agrios. Aunque también abarca algunas otras especies como Fortunella y Poncirus trifoliata, su interés comercial es menor.[1]​

Los cítricos son oriundos del Asia oriental, desde las faldas meridionales del Himalaya hasta Indonesia, y su cultivo se encuentra extendido por prácticamente todas las regiones tropicales y subtropicales de los dos hemisferios.[2]​

El comercio internacional de cítricos mueve millones de toneladas anualmente. En 2016 la FAO registró una producción mundial de 1242 46. 0 mil toneladas.[3]​

La industria de cítricos se divide en dos mercados principales:

  • el de fruta fresca y
  • el de fruta procesada (principalmente zumo de naranja).

La naranja fue la especie con mayor producción mundial. 66 974. 1 mil toneladas,[4]​ Las producciones de mandarina, limón, lima y pomelo ocupan los siguientes puestos.[5]​

Alrededor de un tercio de la producción de cítricos se utiliza como producto procesado. De este más del 80% se dedica a elaborar zumo de naranja, 18 460. 9 mil en 2016.[6]​

Según la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo, se pronosticó una reducción en la producción mundial de naranjas de 5. 8 millones de toneladas debido a las inclemencias climáticas para la campaña 2019/2020.[7]​

Referencias

  1. ↑ Agusti Fonfria,, p. 19.
  2. ↑ Agusti Fonfria,, p. 21.
  3. ↑ FAO,, p. 14.
  4. ↑ FAO,, p. 16.
  5. ↑ FAO,, pp. 17-22.
  6. ↑ FAO,, p. 51.
  7. ↑ «Citrus: World Markets and Trade». Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA - Global Market Analysis (en inglés). 2020. Consultado el 11 de junio de 2020. 

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