Megatherium

שחזור של המגתריום
Arealo de Megatherium

Megatherium (el la greka mega [μέγας], signife "granda", kaj therion [θηρίον], "besto", el kio en Esperanto megaterio) estis genro de elefant-grandaj sugrundaj bradipuloj endemiaj de Sudameriko, foje nomitaj la giganta grundobradipo, kiu vivis el komenca Plioceno[1] tra la fino de la Pleistoceno.[2] Nur kelkaj malmultaj aliaj termamuloj egalis aŭ superis la megaterion laŭgrande, kiel ekzemple la grandaj Rostruloj (ekz., elefantoj) kaj la giganta rinocero Paraceratherium. La Megatherium estis por la unua fojo malkovrita en 1788 sur bordo de la rivero Luján en Argentino, la holotipa specimeno estis poste enŝipigita al Hispanio la venontan jaron kie ĝi altiris la atenton de la fama paleontologo Georges Cuvier, kiu estis la unua kiu determinis, ke la megaterio estas bradipulo.[3] Tiu specimeno estas konservita en la Muzeo de Naturaj Sciencoj de Madrido. Ĝi estis remuntita de la muzea laboristo Juan Bautista Bru, kiu ankaŭ desegnis la skeleton kaj kelkajn unuopajn ostojn.[4]

Tiu specimeno de M. americanum en Madrido, la unua malkovrita (en 1788), estis ankaŭ la unua prahistoria animala skeleto muntita (en 1795).

Post la origina malkovro, nombraj aliaj fosilioj de Megatherium estis malkovrita tra Sudameriko, en Argentino, Bolivio, Brazilo, Ĉilio, Kolombio (Quipile, Kundinamarko),[5][6] Gujano, Paragvajo, Peruo kaj Urugvajo.[2] Novaj specioj en la genro Megatherium, M. urbinai kaj M. celendinense, estis priskribitaj en 2004 kaj 2006 respektive.[7] M. celedinense estis nomita laŭ Celendin, Departemento Kaĥamarkio en la Peruaj Andoj.[8]

Notoj

  1. ↑ Saint-André, P. A.; De Iuliis, G. (2001). "The smallest and most ancient representative of the genus Megatherium Cuvier, 1796 (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Megatheriidae), from the Pliocene of the Bolivian Altiplano" (PDF). Geodiversitas. 23 (4): 625–645. Arkivita el la originalo (PDF) la 2013-10-29. Alirita la 25an de majo 2019.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Zurita, A. E.; Carlini, A. A.; Scillato-Yané, G. J.; Tonni, E. P. (2004). "Mamíferos extintos del Cuaternario de la Provincia del Chaco (Argentina) y su relación con aquéllos del este de la región pampeana y de Chile". Revista Geológica de Chile. 31 (1): 65–87. doi:10.4067/S0716-02082004000100004.
  3. ↑ Argot, Christine (21a de majo 2008). "Changing Views in Paleontology: The Story of a Giant (Megatherium, Xenarthra)". En Sargis, E. J.; Dagosto, M. (eld.). Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology: A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay. Springer. pp. 37–50. ISBN 978-1-4020-6997-0. OCLC 236490247.
  4. ↑ Piñero, J. M. L. (Spring 1988). “Juan Bautista Bru (1740–1799) and the description of the genus Megatherium”, Journal of the History of Biology 21 (1), p. 147–163. doi:10.1007/BF00125797. 
  5. ↑ (1956) “Restos de Megatherium y otros fósiles de Quipile, Cundinamarca”, p. 1–14. Alirita 2017-05-03.. 
  6. ↑ De Porta, Jaime (1961). “La posición estratigráfica de la fauna de Mamíferos del pleistoceno de la Sabana de Bogotá”, Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander 7, p. 37–54. Alirita 2017-05-03.. 
  7. ↑ (2004) “A new species of Megatherium (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Megatheriidae) from the Pleistocene of Sacaco and Tres Ventanas, Peru”, Palaeontology 47 (3), p. 579–604. doi:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00376.x. 
  8. ↑ Pujos, François (2006). “Megatherium celendinense sp. nov. from the Pleistocene of the Peruvian Andes and the phylogenetic relationships of Megatheriines”, Palaeontology 49 (2), p. 285–306. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00522.x. 

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