Zvečan (Serbian Cyrillic: Звечан) or Zveçan (Albaniandefinite form: Zveçani) is a town and municipality located in the Mitrovica District in Kosovo. As of 2015, it has a population of 16,650 inhabitants.[1] It covers an area of 122 km2 (47 sq mi), and consists of a town and 35 villages.
The town of Zvečan is located near Mitrovica. It was mentioned for the first time in connection with the border clashes between the Serbs and Byzantines between 1091 and 1094. There is also an inscription that Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja, after the victory over the Byzantines in 1170, ordered that a prayer for the successful outcome of the battle be held in the church of St George at Zvečan.
In the 13th and 14th centuries Zvečan was one of the royal residences of the Serbian court. Queen Theodora died there in December 1322, and nine years later her husband, Stefan Uroš III was imprisoned and strangled there.[2]
From 1878 to 1908 it, along with the rest of the Sanjak, was administered by the Austro-Hungarian Empire as a result of the Congress of Berlin. But in 1908 it was returned to Turkey.[citation needed]
On the highest spot, i.e., the Upper Town, there are remains of St George's church, cistern and the main octagonal tower. The ramparts of this part of the fort are reinforced by massive towers. The main entrance to the town was on the western side.[citation needed]
On 26 May 2023, Kosovo Police took control of the municipal buildings of four Serb majority municipalities in the north of Kosovo.[6] In September 2023, a terrorist attack, known as Banjska attack, was carried by Serb militants against Kosovo Police in a village of the municipality of Zvečan, named Banjska.[7] During the fighting, one Kosovar police officer and several Serb militants were killed. The attackers sought refuge within Banjska Monastery, which was eventually retaken by the Kosovo Police. During this operation, a significant cache of weaponry was confiscated.[8]
Demographics
Historical population
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1981
8,675
—
1991
10,030
+1.46%
2015
16,650
+2.13%
According to the 2011 estimations by the Government of Kosovo, Zvečan has 1,838 households and 7,481 inhabitants.[9] In 2015 report by OSCE, the population of Zvečan municipality stands at 16,650 inhabitants.[1]
Ethnic groups
The majority of Zvečan municipality is composed of Kosovo Serbs with around 16,000 inhabitants (95.1%). Also, there are 500 Kosovo Albanians and 300 inhabitants of other ethnicity.[1] About 3,750 Kosovo Serbs are located in the municipality as Internally displaced persons (IDPs) as well as 250 refugees from Croatia. Most of Kosovo Albanians live in the villages of Boletin (Boljetin), Lipë/Kelmend (Lipa) and Zhazhë (Žaža).
The ethnic composition of the municipality of Zvečan, including IDPs:[1]
The largest employer in Zvečan is the lead and zinc melting factory "Trepča". Its large smokestack is with 306 meters the tallest structure in Kosovo. Due to the serious environmental pollution from the factory, however, UN and KFOR shut it down and the only ongoing operation is alloy production for batteries and battery recycling. Once employing up to 4,000, the very low operations of "Trepča" has had a devastating effect on the local economy. Today, in the municipality only about 500 people are working at 60 small private companies and 150 shops.[1]
Zvečan has hosted annually two international music festivals: The North City, Jazz & Blues Festival,[1][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and international rock festival Overdrive,[17] as well as international art colony Sokolica[18] and children song festival Cvrkuti sa Ibra (Chirrups from the Ibar River).
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