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Zinc antimonide^[1]
Names
	IUPAC name Zinc antimonide
Identifiers
CAS Number	12039-35-9 ZnSb ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ECHA InfoCard	100.031.708
EC Number	234-893-5 (ZnSb);
PubChem CID	6336886 ZnSb; 117064435 Zn4Sb3;
UN number	1459
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2065206 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/3Sb.4Zn/q;;;;3*+2 Key: JVDDZZNIYDFBAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES [Zn].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Sb].[Sb].[Sb];
Properties
Chemical formula	ZnSb, Zn3Sb2, Zn4Sb3
Molar mass	434.06 g/mol
Appearance	silver-white orthorhombic crystals
Density	6.33 g/cm3
Melting point	546 °C (1,015 °F; 819 K) (565 °C, 563 °C)
Solubility in water	reacts
Band gap	0.56 eV (ZnSb), 1.2eV (Zn4Sb3)
Structure
Crystal structure	Orthorhombic, oP16
Space group	Pbca, No. 61
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H302, H331, H410
Precautionary statements	P261, P273, P311, P501
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Zinc antimonide (Zn Sb), (Zn₃Sb₂), (Zn₄Sb₃) is an inorganic chemical compound. The Zn-Sb system contains six intermetallics.^[2] Like indium antimonide, aluminium antimonide, and gallium antimonide, it is a semiconducting intermetallic compound. It is used in transistors, infrared detectors and thermal imagers, as well as magnetoresistive devices.

History of zinc–antimony alloys and zinc antimonide

The first reported use of zinc-antimony alloys was in the original work of T. J. Seebeck on thermoelectricity,^[3] a scientist who would then give his name to the Seebeck effect. By the 1860s, Moses G. Farmer, an American inventor, had developed the first high powered thermoelectric generator based on using a zinc-antimony alloy with a composition very close to stoichiometric ZnSb. He showed this generator at the 1867 Paris Exposition where it was carefully studied and copied (with minor modifications) by a number of people including Clamond.^{[clarification needed]} Farmer finally received the patent on his generator in 1870. George H. Cove patented a thermoelectric generator based on a Zn-Sb alloy in the early 1900s. His patent ^[4] claimed that the voltage and current for six "joints" was 3V at 3A. This was a far higher output than would be expected from a thermoelectric couple, and was possibly the first demonstration of the thermophotovoltaic effect, as the bandgap for ZnSb is 0.56eV, which under ideal conditions^{[according to whom?]} could yield close to 0.5V per diode.^{[citation needed]} The next researcher to work with the material was Mária Telkes while she was at Westinghouse in Pittsburgh during the 1930s. Interest was revived again with the discovery of the higher bandgap Zn₄Sb₃ material in the 1990s.

References

^ Lide, David R. (1998), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.), Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 4–95, ISBN 0-8493-0594-2
^ Li, Jing-Bo; Record, Marie-Christine; Tedenac, Jean-Claude (2007). "A thermodynamic assessment of the Sb-Zn system". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 438 (1–2): 171–177. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.08.035.
^ Seebeck (1822). "Magnetische Polarisation der Metalle und Erze durch Temperatur-Differenz" [Magnetic polarization of metals and ores by temperature differences]. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (in German): 265–373.
^ Cove (1906). "THERMOELECTRIC BATTERY AND APPARATUS" (PDF).