White box (software engineering)

"Open box" redirects here. "Open box" is also the name of the visible symbol ␣ that is sometimes used to indicate a space. See whitespace character.
Not to be confused with White-box testing, White-box cryptography, or White box (computer hardware).
Black box systems
System
Black box, Oracle machine
Methods and techniques
Black-box testing, Blackboxing
Related techniques
Feed forward, Obfuscation, Pattern recognition, White box, White-box testing, Gray-box testing, System identification
Fundamentals
A priori information, Control systems, Open systems, Operations research, Thermodynamic systems

A white box (or glass box, clear box, or open box) is a subsystem whose internals can be viewed but usually not altered.[1] The term is used in systems engineering, software engineering, and in intelligent user interface design,[2][3] where it is closely related to recent interest in explainable artificial intelligence.[4][5]

Having access to the subsystem internals in general makes the subsystem easier to understand, but also easier to hack; for example, if a programmer can examine source code, weaknesses in an algorithm are much easier to discover.[citation needed] That makes white-box testing much more effective than black-box testing but considerably more difficult from the sophistication needed on the part of the tester to understand the subsystem.

The notion of a "Black Box in a Glass Box" was originally used as a metaphor for teaching complex topics to computing novices.[6]


Mathematical models for complex systems

See also

References

  1. ^ Patrick J. Driscoll, "Systems Thinking," in Gregory S. Parnell, Patrick J. Driscoll, and Dale L. Henderson (eds.), Decision Making in Systems Engineering and Management, 2nd. ed., Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011, 40.
  2. ^ Höök, Kristina; Karlgren, Jussi; Waern, Annika; Dahlbäck, Nils; Jansson, Carl Gustaf; Karlgren, Klas; Lemaire, Benoît (1998). "A glass box approach to adaptive hypermedia". Adaptive hypertext and hypermedia: 143-170.
  3. ^ Karlgren, Jussi; Höök, Kristina; Lantz, Ann; Palme, Jacob; Pärgman, Daniel (1994). "The glass box user model for filtering". Fourth international conference on User Modeling.
  4. ^ Raj, Arun (2020). "Explainable AI: From black box to glass box". Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 48 (1): 137-141.
  5. ^ Höök, Kristina; Karlgren, Jussi; Waern, Annika (1995). "A glass box intelligent help interface". First Workshop on Intelligent Multimodal Interfaces.
  6. ^ du Boulay, Benedict; O'Shea, Tim; Monk, John (1981). "The black box inside the glass box: presenting computing concepts to novices". International Journal of Man-Machine Studies. 14 (3): 237-249.


Stub icon

This software-engineering-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Read other articles:

Hak transgender

Bagian dari seri mengenaiTransgender Identitas gender Agender / tanpa gender Androgini Bigender Bissu Dua Roh Gender bender Gender ketiga Genderqueer / nonbiner Heteroseksualitas queer Hijra Pangender Transfeminin Transmaskulin Transpria Transpuan Transseksual Trigender Kesehatan dan pengobatan Anak transgender Disforia gender pada anak-anak Kehamilan Kesehatan Terapi penentuan ulang seks Transisi Hak dan hukum Aktivisme hak organisasi Peraturan toilet Toilet umum uniseks Diskrimina...

 

Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia

Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik IndonesiaGambaran umumDasar hukumPeraturan Presiden Nomor 11 Tahun 2015Susunan organisasiInspektur JenderalTomsi Tohir[1]Kantor pusatJl. Medan Merdeka Utara No. 8, Jakarta PusatSitus webitjen.kemendagri.go.id Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia atau disingkat dengan Itjen Kemendagri RI merupakan unsur pengawas di Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia. Itjen Kemendagri RI berada di bawah dan ...

 

Zamboanga City

Highly Urbanized City in Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines Highly urbanized city in Zamboanga Peninsula, PhilippinesZamboanga CityHighly urbanized cityCity of ZamboangaZamboanga City Hall FlagSealEtymology: Malay jambanganNickname(s): City of Flowers[1]Asia's Latin City[1]Sardines Capital of The Philippines[1]Motto: Build Back Better ZamboangaAnthem: Zamboanga Hermosa (Beautiful Zamboanga)Map of Zamboanga Peninsula with Zamboanga City highlightedOpenStreetMapZam...

Cinématique

Les six degrés de liberté dans un espace à trois dimensions : trois de translation et trois de rotation. Par convention les translations sont positives dans les directions Droite, Avant, et Haut (axes Ox, Oy et Oz). Chacun des mots Tangage (rotation autour de Ox), Roulis (autour de Oy) et Lacet (autour de Oz) a été placé près de la flèche indiquant le sens de rotation positif (trièdre direct Oxyz). Ces trois derniers termes sont notamment employés en aéronautique. Ne doit pas ...

 

Long Beach Peninsula

Peninsula in the south Washington state For the Peninsula neighborhood in Long Beach, California, see Peninsula, Long Beach, California. Long Beach Peninsula The Long Beach Peninsula is an arm of land on the southern coast of the state of Washington in the United States. Entirely within Pacific County, it is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, the south by the Columbia River, and the east by Willapa Bay. Leadbetter Point State Park and Willapa National Wildlife Refuge are at the norther...

 

Примитивная почтовая марка

Оранжевый Маврикий (1847) Красный пенни (Великобритания, 1841) Церера[фр.] на марке Корриентеса (Аргентина, 1856) Церера[англ.] (Франция, 1849) Примити́вная почто́вая ма́рка (англ. «primitives» или «natives») — почтовая марка, разработанная и напечатанная с использованием заметно боле�...

Ordre de Koutouzov

Ordre de Koutouzov La médaille de l'ordre de Koutouzov. Décernée par Union soviétiquepuis Russie Éligibilité Militaire Statut Actif Chiffres Date de création 29 juillet 1942 Importance Ordre de Nakhimov Ordre de Souvorov Ruban de l'ordre. modifier  L'ordre de Koutouzov (en russe : Орден Кутузова, Orden Koutouzova) est une distinction honorifique de l'Union soviétique puis de la fédération de Russie. Elle a été créée en 1942 et nommée en l'honneur du gén...

 

Alfredo Paolicchi

Alfredo Paolicchi Paolicchi con la maglia della Fiorentina (1965) Nazionalità  Italia Calcio Ruolo Portiere Termine carriera 1973 CarrieraGiovanili 1948-1954 FiorentinaSquadre di club1 1954-1955 Assi Virtus? (-?1955-1956 Sestese? (-?)1956-1960 Fiorentina0 (0)1960-1961 Spezia22 (-18)1961 Fiorentina1 (0)1961-1962 Barletta14 (-?)1962-1963 Arezzo33 (-?)1963-1964 Verona4 (-5)1964-1966 Fiorentina2 (-3)1966-1967 Atalanta4 (-6)1967-1968 Ma...

 

Gua Saleh

Gua SalehLeang Saleh, Gua Salle, Leang Salle, Leang Pattunuang Asue, Gua Pattunuang AsueLua error in Modul:Location_map at line 423: Kesalahan format nilai koordinat.LokasiKampung Pangia, Dusun Pattunuang, Desa Samangki, Kecamatan Simbang, Kabupaten Maros, Sulawesi Selatan, IndonesiaKoordinat05°02'59.40S 119°43'17.16E[1]Kedalaman1-7 meterPanjang494,80 meterRentang tinggi0,4 - 15 meterGeologikarst / batu kapur / batu gampingPintu masuk4 lintasanDaftarpintu masukLintasan 1Lintasan 2Li...

السيف والرقعة الحاسمة

السيف والرقعة الحاسمةThe Sword and the Chess of Death (بالإنجليزية) معلومات عامةالنوع دراما وووكسيوابطولة توني سان هوكيان وشاو بينج هو يانعدد المواسم/الأجزاء 1عدد الحلقات 50مدة الحلقة ساعةشارة البداية Mei Yi Ge Han Dong (每一個寒冬) by Tony Sunشارة النهاية Xin Wu (信物) by Tony Sunالإنتاجإعداد الكاميرا الإعداد...

 

Template talk:Fascism sidebar

This template does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment scale.It is of interest to the following WikiProjects:Politics Politics portalThis template is within the scope of WikiProject Politics, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of politics on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.PoliticsWikipedia:WikiProject PoliticsTemplate:WikiProject Politicspolitics articles ...

 

Amelia Boynton Robinson

American civil rights activist Amelia Boynton RobinsonRobinson in 2015BornAmelia Isadora Platts(1905-08-18)August 18, 1905Savannah, Georgia, U.S.DiedAugust 26, 2015(2015-08-26) (aged 110)Montgomery, Alabama, U.S.Known forSelma to Montgomery marchesMovementCivil Rights MovementSpouses Samuel W. Boynton ​ ​(m. 1936; died 1963)​ Bob Billups ​ ​(m. 1969; died 1973)​ James Robinson ​ ...

328th Weapons Squadron

U.S. Space Force unit This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 328th Weapons Squadron – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 328th Weapons SquadronSquadron emblemActive1942–1994; 2003–presentCountry United StatesBranch United...

 

Unione Sportiva Vigor Senigallia 1983-1984

Questa voce sull'argomento stagioni delle società calcistiche italiane è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Voce principale: Unione Sportiva Vigor Senigallia. Unione Sportiva Vigor SenigalliaStagione 1983-1984Sport calcio Squadra Vigor Senigallia Allenatore Paolo Beni poi Pietro Camozzi Presidente Giorgio Gresta (amministratore delegato) Serie C210º posto nel girone C. Maggiori presen...

 

Saharan rock art

Area of archaeological study Tassili n'AjjerTibestiEnnediMessakTadrartSabu-JaddiAdrar PlateauGilf Kebirclass=notpageimage| Significant Saharan rock art locations Manda Guéli Cave in the Ennedi Mountains, northeastern Chad Saharan rock art is a significant area of archaeological study focusing on artwork carved or painted on the natural rocks of the central Sahara desert. The rock art dates from numerous periods starting c. 12,000 years ago, and is significant because it shows the cultu...

County Gonzales, Texas

Gonzales County, TexasThe Gonzales County Courthouse. The Second Empire style building was added to National Register of Historic Places in 1972.Lokasi di negara bagian TexasLokasi negara bagian Texas di Amerika SerikatDidirikan1836SeatGonzalesWilayah • Keseluruhan1.070 sq mi (2.771 km2) • Daratan1.068 sq mi (2.766 km2) • Perairan2 sq mi (5 km2), 0.19%Populasi • (2000)18.628 • Kepadatan18/...

 

Amaradasa Ratnapala

Ceylonese physician and politician Amaradasa Ratnapala (8 January 1903 - 13 October 2001) was a Ceylonese physician, a former member of Parliament[1] and scholar of Buddhist Philosophy, whose book on Abhidharmartha Pradeepeka is a commentary on the doctrine. Ratnapala received his education at S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia, where he excelled in schoolboy cricket. In May 1937 he was elected to the Colombo Municipal Council representing Slave Island and was subsequently elected to t...

 

拉錫·西迪

这是马来族人名，“西迪”是父名，不是姓氏，提及此人时应以其自身的名“拉昔”为主。 拉錫·西迪Rasid Sidek基本資料代表國家/地區 马来西亚出生 (1968-07-08) 1968年7月8日（56歲） 雪兰莪州万津身高1.8米（5英尺11英寸）主項：男子单打入選國家隊1990世界冠軍頭銜 湯姆斯盃：1最高世界排名第1位（1997年）現時世界排名已退役BWF id511官方檔案链接BWF TournamentsoftwareBWF Fansites �...

Otto Hahn Prize

German science award Otto Hahn The Otto Hahn Prize is awarded biennially jointly by the Society of German Chemists (Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker), the German Physical Society (Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft) and the city of Frankfurt am Main for outstanding achievement in the field of chemistry, physics or applied engineering science. It was established in 2005 by the merger of the previous Otto Hahn Prize for Chemistry and Physics and the Otto Hahn Prize of the City of Frankfurt am...

 

Mary Church Terrell

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Terrell. Mary Church TerrellBiographieNaissance 23 septembre 1863MemphisDécès 24 juillet 1954 (à 90 ans)AnnapolisSépulture Lincoln Memorial Cemetery de Suitland (Maryland)Nom de naissance Mary Eliza ChurchNationalité américaineFormation 1884 : Bachelor of Arts / licence (Oberlin College) 1888 : Master of Arts / master (Oberlin College)Activités Écrivaine, femme politique, suffragiste, militante pour les droits des femmes, militante des...