Vroedschap

Vroedschap of Utrecht, 1786.

The vroedschap (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈvrutsxɑp]) was the name for the (all male) city council in the early modern Netherlands; the member of such a council was called a vroedman, literally a "wise man".[1] An honorific title of the vroedschap was the vroede vaderen, the "wise fathers"

Most early modern Dutch cities were ruled by a government of male burghers or poorters (bourgeois) who were members of the regent class, the ruling elite. During late Medieval times, the regents had in all cities gradually managed to exclude men of the artisan class from membership, making themselves a sort of hereditary city nobility. In the Dutch Republic, a city administration consisted of the magistrate and the vroedschap. The magistrate (or city government) consisted of a number, often four, of burgomasters assisted by a number of aldermen (schepenen), and looked after the daily administration of the city. In most cities, the mayors were chosen for a period of four years. The previous (and usually the youngest) mayor was responsible for the schutterij, the civil militia. The vroedschap appointed the magistrate, mostly from its own ranks; sometimes other members of the regent class were proposed. There was a complicated system of drawing lots and in many cities a shortlist was made from which the stadtholder, the highest provincial executive official, could choose; from 1748 this became a general system for the Dutch Republic.

The vroedschap was convened on financial questions, sometimes on national politics, and always for elections for the appointment of important local posts, such as governor appointments for institutions like the poor house, orphanage, and almshouses. The vroedschap thus served the economic interests in which its members had an important share. In contrast to magistrates, vroedschapsleden ("members of the city council") were appointed for life. The council consisted of ten to forty citizens, that met weekly or less often. They chose one or two new mayors and representatives to the Provincial States in January each year.

Membership was based on uitverkiezing (cooptation) and inheritance. Family ties were important, as were good breeding and social status in the community. Vroedmannen had to satisfy three basic conditions: male, membership of the Calvinist church and ownership of a house. Although city administrations, by present standards, were more oligarchic than meritocratic, family ties never formed a formal legal basis for election.

In times of crisis, the stadholder sometimes appointed new vroedschapsleden in a province, to ensure that his followers were in power, a so-called wetsverzetting ("change of the legislative"). This happened in 1619, 1672, 1748 and 1787. There was no legal basis for such an act.

References

  1. ^ "Translate in English, Spanish, French and more with Cambridge". Cambridge.org. Retrieved 22 March 2024.

Read other articles:

Vanuatu

Republik VanuatuRipablik blong Vanuatu (Bislama) Republic of Vanuatu (Inggris) République de Vanuatu (Prancis) Bendera Lambang Semboyan: Nous Nous Tenons Devant Dieu (Prancis) Long God Yumi Stanap (Bislama) (Terjemahan: Kami berdiri di hadapan Tuhan)[1][2]Lagu kebangsaan:  Yumi, Yumi, Yumi (Indonesia: Kami, Kami, Kami) Perlihatkan BumiPerlihatkan peta BenderaIbu kota(dan kota terbesar)Port Vila17°45′S 168°19′E / 17.750°S 168.317°E / -...

 

Gosong Arabat

Artikel ini mungkin terdampak dengan peristiwa terkini: Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina 2022. Informasi di halaman ini bisa berubah setiap saat. Gosong Arabat (Ukrainian: Арабатська косаcode: uk is deprecated , Rusia: Араба́тская коса́code: ru is deprecated ) atau Panah Arabat adalah sebuah daratan sempit yang memisahkan sistem laguna besar dan sangat asin bernama Syvash dari Laut Azov. Daratan sempit tersebut berada di antara Selat Henichesk di pesisir utara dan timur l...

 

Strada regionale 117 di Gorizia

Strada regionale 117di GoriziaDenominazioni precedentiNuova strada ANAS 117 di Gorizia LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regioni Friuli-Venezia Giulia DatiClassificazioneStrada regionale InizioLucinico FineGorizia Lunghezza3,810 km GestoreFriuli Venezia Giulia Strade Manuale La strada regionale 117 di Gorizia (SR 117), già nuova strada ANAS 117 di Gorizia (NSA 117), è una strada regionale italiana in Friuli-Venezia Giulia. È classificata come strada extraurbana secondaria. Corre per int...

Laure Calamy

French film and theatrical actress Laure CalamyCalamy in 2018Born1975 (age 48–49)Orléans, France[1]OccupationActressYears active2001–presentNotable workUn monde sans femmesMademoiselle de JoncquièresSeules les bêtesMy Donkey, My Lover & ICall My Agent! (Dix pour cent) Laure Calamy (born in 1975)[2] is a César Award-winning French film, TV and theatre actress best known for her roles in Call My Agent! and My Donkey, My Lover & I.[3] Early l...

 

Kain mori

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Kain mori – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Topik artikel ini mungkin tidak memenuhi kriteria kelayakan umum. Harap penuhi kelayakan artikel dengan: menyertakan sumber-sumber tepercaya ...

 

Akhanda Nepal Party

This article is about a defunct party which merged into Nepali Congress. For the currently active party, see Nepali Congress.Political party in Nepal Akhanda Nepal Party अखण्ड नेपाल पार्टीPresidentKumar KhadkaMerged intoNepali CongressHeadquartersKuleswor Height, Ravibhavan,Kathmandu, NepalIdeologyState HinduismNon-ethnic federalismPolitical positionRight-wingWebsiteakhandanepal.orgPolitics of NepalPolitical partiesElections Akhanda Nepal Party (N...

FC UNA Strassen

Luxembourgish football club This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (June 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Football clubFC UNA StrassenFull nameFC UNA StrassenFounded1922GroundComplexe Sportif Jean Wirtz,Strassen, LuxembourgChairmanLuc HilgerManagerArno BonviniLeagueLuxembourg National Division2021–...

 

Oxhey Chapel

Church in Hertfordshire, EnglandOxhey ChapelOxhey Chapel from the southeastOxhey ChapelLocation in Hertfordshire51°37′40″N 0°23′33″W / 51.6279°N 0.3925°W / 51.6279; -0.3925OS grid referenceTQ 113 934LocationOxhey, Watford, HertfordshireCountryEnglandDenominationAnglicanWebsiteChurches Conservation TrustArchitectureFunctional statusRedundantHeritage designationGrade II*Architectural typeChapelStyleGothicGroundbreaking1612Completed1897SpecificationsMaterials...

 

Museo Estatal Ruso

Museo Estatal Ruso Patrimonio cultural federal de Rusia Edificio sede del Museo Estatal RusoUbicaciónPaís Rusia RusiaLocalidad San PetersburgoCoordenadas 59°56′19″N 30°19′56″E / 59.938592, 30.332221Tipo y coleccionesTipo Museo de arteColecciones Arte rusoHistoria y gestiónCreación 1895Inauguración 1895Director Vladimir Gusev[1]​Información del edificioEdificio Palacio MijáilovskiConstrucción 1819-1825Arquitecto Carlo RossiInformación para visitantesHor...

Osborne Reynolds

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Reynolds. Osborne ReynoldsOsborne ReynoldsFonctionsPrésident ou présidenteManchester Literary and Philosophical Society1888-1890Secrétaire (d)Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society1874-1884BiographieNaissance 23 août 1842BelfastDécès 21 février 1912 (à 69 ans)WatchetNationalité IrlandaisFormation Queens' College, Cambridge (jusqu'en 1837)Activités Physicien, ingénieur, ingénieur civil, professeur d'universitéAutres informationsA trav...

 

Hollywood (miniserie televisiva)

Questa voce sugli argomenti fiction televisive drammatiche e fiction televisive statunitensi è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti dei progetti di riferimento 1, 2. HollywoodLogo della miniserie televisivaTitolo originaleHollywood PaeseStati Uniti d'America Anno2020 Formatominiserie TV Generedrammatico, storico Puntate7 Durata44-57 min (episodio) Lingua originaleinglese Rapporto16:9 CreditiIdeatoreRyan Murphy, Ian Br...

 

Umm Salama

Muhammad's sixth wife (c. 580/596 – 680/683) Mother of the BelieversUmm Salamahأم سلمةBornHind bint Abi Umayyac. 580 or 596 CEMecca, Hejaz, Arabia (present-day Saudi Arabia)DiedDhu al-Qadah 62 AH ; c. 680 or 682/683 CEMedina, Hejaz, Umayyad caliphate(present-day Saudi Arabia)Resting placeJannat al-Baqi, MedinaKnown forSixth wife of MuhammadSpousesAbu Salama 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd al-Asad (died. 624 CE Jumada al-Thani 2 AH)Muhammad (m. 625; died. 632)ChildrenZaynab (...

國民陣線

国民阵线Barisan NasionalNational Frontباريسن ناسيونلபாரிசான் நேசனல்国民阵线标志简称国阵，BN主席阿末扎希总秘书赞比里署理主席莫哈末哈山总财政希山慕丁副主席魏家祥维纳斯瓦兰佐瑟古律创始人阿都拉萨成立1973年1月1日 (1973-01-01)[1]设立1974年7月1日 (1974-07-01)前身 联盟总部 马来西亚  吉隆坡 50480 秋傑区敦依斯迈路太子世贸中心（英�...

 

Igor Shafarevich

Soviet and Russian mathematician and political dissident Igor ShafarevichBornIgor Rostislavovich Shafarevich(1923-06-03)3 June 1923[1]Zhytomyr,[1] Ukrainian SSR, Soviet UnionDied19 February 2017(2017-02-19) (aged 93)Moscow, RussiaNationalityRussianAlma materSteklov Institute of MathematicsKnown forShafarevich–Weil theorem, Golod–Shafarevich theorem, Shafarevich's theorem on solvable Galois groups, Grothendieck–Ogg–Shafarevich formula, Néron–Ogg–Shaf...

 

Bruno Maderna

La neutralità di questa voce o sezione sull'argomento musicisti è stata messa in dubbio. Motivo: La voce, non presentando alcuna nota puntuale, presenta numerosi POV. Per contribuire, correggi i toni enfatici o di parte e partecipa alla discussione. Non rimuovere questo avviso finché la disputa non è risolta. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento musicisti è priva o carente di note e riferimenti bibliografici puntuali. Sebbene v...

Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2014

Eurovision Song Contest 2014Country SloveniaNational selectionSelection processEMA 2014Selection date(s)8 March 2014Selected entrantTinkara KovačSelected songRound and RoundSelected songwriter(s)RaayTinkara KovačHannah ManciniTina PišFinals performanceSemi-final resultQualified (10th, 52 points)Final result25th, 9 pointsSlovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest ◄2013 • 2014 • 2015► Slovenia participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 with...

 

島根県庁

島根県の行政機関島根県庁 島根県庁舎本庁舎役職知事 丸山達也副知事 石原恵利子組織知事部局 政策企画局、総務部、防災部、地域振興部、環境生活部、健康福祉部、農林水産部、商工労働部、土木部、出納局行政委員会 教育委員会、公安委員会、選挙管理委員会、監査委員、人事委員会、労働委員会、収用委員会、海区漁業調整委員会、内水面漁場管理委員会地方�...

 

Proletarian internationalism

Marxist social class concept International socialism redirects here. For the magazine of the same name, see International Socialism (magazine). Part of a series onCommunism Concepts Anti-capitalism Class conflict Class consciousness Classless society Collective leadership Communist party Communist revolution Communist state Commune Communist society Critique of political economy Free association From each according to his ability,to each according to his needs Market abolitionism Proletarian ...

العلاقات الباربادوسية الغيانية

العلاقات الباربادوسية الغيانية باربادوس غيانا   باربادوس   غيانا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الباربادوسية الغيانية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين باربادوس وغيانا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه ا...

 

تقانة المعلومات

تقانة المعلوماتصنف فرعي من خدمة — تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات جزء من تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات يمتهنه مدرس تقانة المعلومات — تقني أنظمة المعلومات — Information Systems Technician (en) — موظفو تقانة المعلومات التاريخ تاريخ علم الحاسوب تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات جزء...