Uyarndha Manithan

Uyarndha Manithan
Theatrical release poster
Directed byKrishnan–Panju
Screenplay byJavar Seetharaman
Based onUttar Purush
by Chitrakar
Produced byM. Murugan
M. Kumaran
M. Saravanan
M. Balasubramanian
M. S. Guhan
StarringSivaji Ganesan
Sowcar Janaki
CinematographyP. N. Sundaram
Edited byS. Panjabi
O. Narasimhan
Music byM. S. Viswanathan
Production
company
Release date
  • 29 November 1968 (1968-11-29)
Running time
168 minutes[1]
CountryIndia
LanguageTamil

Uyarndha Manithan (transl. The Noble Man) is a 1968 Indian Tamil-language drama film written by Javar Seetharaman and directed by Krishnan–Panju. The film was produced by A. V. Meiyappan, M. Saravanan, M. Kumaran and M. Murugan under AVM Productions. It stars Sivaji Ganesan and Sowcar Janaki, while S. A. Ashokan, Major Sundarrajan, Vanisri and Sivakumar play pivotal roles. The film's soundtrack and background score were composed by M. S. Viswanathan, while the lyrics for the songs were written by Vaali.

The film was Sivaji Ganesan's 125th as an actor. It was a remake of the 1966 Bengali film Uttar Purush. The plot revolves around a wealthy industrialist's son who secretly marries the daughter of his family estate's accountant, only for his father to discover it and burn down the estate along with his son's pregnant wife, who is inside. The remainder of the film reveals the truth behind how she and her progeny survive.

Released on 29 November 1968, Uyarndha Manithan went on to become a commercial success, with a theatrical run of over 125 days. The film won the National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer at the 16th National Film Awards for P. Susheela for the song "Paal Polave", making her the inaugural recipient of that category. It also won four Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, including Best Film (First prize) and Best Director for Krishnan–Panju.

Plot

Rajalingam "Raju" is the son of a wealthy Madurai-based industrialist, Sankaralingam. Living with Raju is his driver and friend, Sundaram. While vacationing in his family estate at Kodaikanal with Sundaram and his family doctor, Gopal, Raju falls in love with a woman named Parvathi. Gopal too becomes smitten with Parvathi when he meets her whilst conducting her father's medical treatment. Parvathi, who knows Raju through her father, as he is also an accountant of Raju's family estate, reciprocates Raju's feelings. Gopal decides not to reveal his love for Parvathi to Raju for Raju's sake. Raju and Parvathi marry in secret with the help of Gopal and the consent of Parvathi's father. The couple lives together in Kodaikanal without disclosing the knowledge of their marriage to Raju's father, Sankaralingam.

Three months later, Parvathi becomes pregnant. Sankaralingam, fearing for his son's safety, arrives at Kodaikanal and becomes furious upon finding out Raju's marriage to Parvathi. He orders his henchmen to set the estate on fire with Parvathi and her father inside. Raju and Gopal rush to save Parvathi, but they are stopped by Sankaralingam's henchmen and are forcefully returned to Madurai, leaving Parvathi and her father for dead. A few months after returning to Madurai, Raju is forced to marry his cousin Vimala. After the marriage, Sankaralingam hands over his business affairs to Raju and dies. Nineteen years pass. Despite having mutual affection for each other, Raju and Vimala remain childless and Raju is unable to forget Parvathi.

Nineteen-year-old Sathyamurthy, who lives with his uncle Murugan, is unable to retain any job due to his honest nature. He becomes acquainted with Gopal, with whose recommendation he becomes Raju's personal house servant. When Sathyamurthy displays his mother's photograph at his house to pray for her, it is revealed that Sathyamurthy is the son of Raju and Parvathi. Parvathi had survived the accident, was cared for by Murugan and died a few years after giving birth to Sathyamurthy without divulging the identity of Raju to Sathyamurthy and Murugan. Sathyamurthy improves his reading and writing skills with the help of Sundaram's daughter, Gowri and the two fall in love. When Raju learns of their love, he approves of their marriage. Gopal learns that Sathyamurthy is Raju's son, but dies of a heart attack before revealing it.

Jealous of Sathyamurthy's influence on Raju, another servant Rathnam and his wife hide Vimala's diamond necklace in Sathyamurthy's suitcase in an effort to get rid of him. Vimala, upset at losing her necklace, searches the house for it. When Raju, Sundaram, Gowri, and Sathyamurthy return after attending a conference in Kodaikanal, Vimala, acting on Rathnam's provocation, orders that Sathyamurthy's suitcase is searched. When the necklace is found in it, Raju throws Sathyamurthy out of his house, despite Sathyamurthy proclaiming his innocence. Gowri then shows Parvathi's photograph to Raju, who is shocked to learn that Sathyamurthy is his own son. Raju reveals the truth about Parvathi to Vimala, who also accepts Sathyamurthy as her son. Before Raju and Vimala rush to bring Sathyamurthy back, Raju learns of a fire breaking out in one of his mills. Sathyamurthy, unhappy of being wrongly accused by Raju, attempts suicide by entering the burning mill. Raju saves Sathyamurthy in time and reveals the truth about his birth to him. The family is united and Sathyamurthy marries Gowri.

Cast

Adapted from the opening credits:[2]

Production

Development

V. A. P. Iyer, a Kolkata-based friend of AVM Productions founder A. V. Meiyappan, told Meiyappan that a Bengali film named Uttar Purush (1966) was running well. After watching the film, Meiyappan was impressed and decided to remake it into what would become Uyarndha Manithan.[6] Javar Seetharaman was hired as screenwriter, and made a few alterations to the screenplay, while the duo Krishnan–Panju (R. Krishnan and S. Panju) were signed to direct.[7] P. N. Sundaram was hired as the cinematographer,[8] and Panju edited the film under the pseudonym "Panjabi".[9]

Casting

When the script was ready, Meiyappan's sons and the film's co-producers M. Saravanan, M. Kumaran and M. Murugan narrated it to Sivaji Ganesan at his residence, Annai Illam.[7] Ganesan initially refused to play the main character, Raju, as he felt the supporting character Gopal had more impact than Raju, and offered to act as Gopal.[6] However, on Saravanan's insistence, Ganesan played the role of Raju,[10] and the role of Gopal went to S. A. Ashokan.[10][6] Uyarndha Manithan became the 125th film to star Ganesan,[11] and his first with AVM since Pachhai Vilakku (1964).[12] When M. Saravanan asked about Ganesan's salary to Ganesan's younger brother V. C. Shanmugham, who spoke on Ganesan's behalf, Shanmugham said that Ganesan was willing to accept any amount that AVM could afford to offer. Taking this to be a vague statement as Shanmugham did not state Ganesan's salary properly, Saravanan discovered that Ganesan accepted 200,000 (US$26,667 in 1968)[Note 1] for one of A. P. Nagarajan's latest films.[14] Since Thiruvilaiyadal (1965), Nagarajan's films were made in Eastmancolor, and because Uyarndha Manidhan was made in black-and-white and costume designing for the film was less as compared to those of Nagarajan's films, M. Saravanan decided to pay 150,000 (US$20,000 in 1968)[Note 1] to Ganesan.[15][6] Sowcar Janaki, who portrayed Raju's possessive wife Vimala, felt her character was depicted "negatively", so some changes to the character were made at her request.[16] This was the debut film for Poornam Viswanathan, who portrayed Vimala's father.[17]

Filming

Principal photography began in Kodaikanal. The first song sequence shot was "Velli Kinnamthan", depicting Raju and Parvathi (Vanisri) in a boat.[18] The song "En Kelvikkenna Badhil", depicting Sathyamoorthy (Sivakumar) and Gowri (Bharathi), was shot at Kodaikanal and My Lady Garden, Madras (now Chennai).[19] Meiyappan was not pleased with the original song sequence shown to him by the production unit as he felt it was incongruous to have two poor characters dressed well in modern attire, so it was reshot.[18][20] The song "Paal Polave" was initially meant to be shot at Kodaikanal, but due to unfavourable weather conditions, the shoot had to be called off. The film's art director, A. K. Sekhar, therefore constructed a specially erected set at AVM Studios in Madras that resembled Kodaikanal's misty ambience.[18][21] Ganesan assisted him for acting in the scene where Gopal dies of a heart attack.[6][10]

It was speculated that a production company bought the remake rights of The Parent Trap (1961) in Hindi and titled it as Vapas.[15][Note 2] AVM had already acquired the rights to the film, which they were making under the title Do Kaliyan (1968).[Note 3] To avoid a clash with that film, AVM stalled production on Uyarndha Manithan for eight months to focus on Do Kaliyan.[22] Ganesan, who thought that the project had been shelved, went to inform AVM that he would commence filming with another technical crew.[23] However, AVM convinced him that the shooting was only delayed, and paid him 50,000 (US$6,667 in 1968) in advance.[Note 1] After the release of Do Kaliyan, filming was resumed and completed.[22][Note 4] When filming resumed after a year, Ganesan and Janaki refused to act along each other due to a fallout they had at a public forum but later relented after the producers convinced them. During the shoot, Ganesan noted Janaki's sari colour was changed as she wore a black sari in the film's previous shoot. Janaki initially refused to believe; however after seeing the rushes, she realised her error and apologised to Ganesan.[25]

For the scene where Raju beats and throws Sathyamurthy out of his house, multiple canes were kept as backup in case the cane with which Ganesan beats Sivakumar broke. Sivakumar was eventually left with his right arm dislocated after being kicked by Ganesan and falling over the sofa, and was hospitalised.[19] The climax, where Raju rushes to the burning mill to save Sathyamurthy, took four to six days to film.[19][26] The final length of the film's prints were 4,591 metres (15,062 ft) long.[27]

Themes

In his 2015 book Madras Studios: Narrative, Genre, and Ideology in Tamil Cinema, Swarnavel Eswaran Pillai notes that the title Uyarndha Manithan, meaning "A Honourable Man", epitomises the contradiction within the character of Raju, and in the trajectory of the rebel in Parasakthi (1952), as he finally ends up a "meek/reactionary family man" who had forsaken his own offspring/lineage at a critical juncture.[5]

Music

The soundtrack and musical score for Uyarndha Manithan were composed by M. S. Viswanathan, while the lyrics were written by Vaali.[28] Vaali worked on the film alongside Adimai Penn (1969) and felt that working on two films simultaneously was "torrid".[29] Mangalamurthy worked as the accordionist for the song "Paal Polave", also known as "Naalai Intha Velai Paarthu".[30] In the composition and picturisation for the song "Andha Naal Gnaabagam", Viswanathan was inspired by a sequence in My Fair Lady (1964) in which Rex Harrison's character sings with a walking stick in hand on a golf course.[31][20] M. Saravanan, in his book AVM 60 Cinema, described the use of dialogues in "Andha Naal Gnaabagam" as something new to Tamil cinema.[20] The song was parodied by Vikram and Vivek in Dhool (2003),[32] and "Paal Polave" was parodied by Santhanam in Yuvan Yuvathi (2011).[33]

The soundtrack was received positively by critics, with "Andha Naal Gnaabagam" and "Paal Polave" attaining popularity.[34][21] Malathi Rangarajan of The Hindu praised the bossa nova portions in the song "Velli Kinnamthan".[35] News Today described "Andha Naal Gnaabagam" as "testament to the capabilities of two legends – TM. Soundarajan and Sivaji Ganesan", adding that the "transition from Sivaji panting and TMS taking over is seamless".[36]

Track listing
No.TitleSinger(s)Length
1."Aththaanin Muththangal"P. Susheela03:43
2."Andha Naal Gnaabagam"T. M. Soundararajan05:47
3."En Kelvikkenna Badhil"T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela03:45
4."Velli Kinnamthan"T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela03:39
5."Paal Polave (Naalai Intha Velai Paarthu)"P. Susheela04:50
6."Aththai Magal"P. Susheela03:38
Total length:25:24

Release and reception

Uyarndha Manithan was released on 29 November 1968.[37][38] An event was organised in Chennai to celebrate its release, and it was attended by Yashwantrao Chavan, then the Home Minister of India.[39] The film became a commercial success, completing a theatrical run of 125 days. The 125th day commemorative celebrations were held in the presence of C. N. Annadurai, the then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. This was also the last function which Annadurai attended before his death.[40][41]

Critical reception

On 7 December 1968, the critic from The Indian Express lauded the performances of the cast members, particularly Ganesan, Janaki, Ashokan, Vanisri and Sundararajan along with Ramaswamy's comedy and Sundaram's cinematography, but criticised the "predictable" climax, editing and musical score, adding, "But directors Krishnan and Panju see to it that the picture does not fall apart. There lies their moderate success."[42] On Ganesan's performance, the Tamil magazine Ananda Vikatan, wrote in a review dated 15 December 1968 that Ganesan proved that he could show both love and hate at the same time, and no more than words of 'natural acting' were enough for him.[43]

Accolades

The National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer was introduced in 1968, and Susheela won the award for her rendition of "Paal Polave".[44][45] It was also Ganesan's first film to win a Tamil Nadu State Film Award.[46]

Award Ceremony Category Nominee(s) Outcome Ref.
National Film Awards 16th National Film Awards Best Female Playback Singer P. Susheela Won [47]
[48]
Tamil Nadu State Film Awards 2nd Tamil Nadu State Film Awards Best Film (First prize) A. V. Meiyappan Won
Best Director Krishnan–Panju Won
Best Female Playback Singer P. Susheela Won
Best Cinematographer P. N. Sundaram Won

Legacy

My first national award came for the song ”Naalai intha velai parthu’ ["Paal Polave"] (from 1969’s [Uyarndha] Manithan), which Vaali wrote. How can I ever forget that? I will never forget him.

 – Susheela attributing her success for the song "Paal Polave" to Vaali.[49]

The song "Andha Naal Gnaabagam" was considered one of the most memorable songs written by Vaali that featured in a Sivaji Ganesan film. Rediff ranked it alongside "Madhavi Pon Mayilaal" from Iru Malargal (1967) and "Potri Paadadi Penne" from Thevar Magan (1992).[34]

Susheela chose "Paal Polave" along with "Unnai Ondru Ketpen"[Note 5] and "Paartha Gnaabagam Illaiyo"[Note 5] as her favourite songs that she had recorded.[45] Singer Swarnalatha, who made her debut with the song "Chinnanchiru Kiliye" from Neethikku Thandanai (1987), was chosen to sing the song by M. S. Viswanathan after he was impressed with her rendition of "Paal Polave", which he had asked her to sing during the song's audition.[50]

Ganesan's biographer T. S. Narayanswami included Uyarndha Manithan in his list of Ganesan's "all-time greats".[51] In March 2009, Sharadha Narayanan of The New Indian Express rated Sundarrajan's performance in the film among his other noted films in which he featured like Vennira Aadai (1965), Major Chandrakanth (1966) and Gnana Oli.[52] In her review of the 2011 film Seedan, Malathi Rangarajan of The Hindu said that the premise of the film was "on the lines of Sivaji Ganesan's poignant Uyarndha [Manithan]".[53] Uyarndha Manithan was included with other Sivaji Ganesan-starrers in the compilation DVD 8th Ulaga Adhisayam Sivaji, featuring Ganesan's "iconic performances in the form of scenes, songs and stunts". It was released in May 2012.[54]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c The exchange rate in 1968 was 7.50 Indian rupees () per 1 US dollar (US$).[13]
  2. ^ Saravanan does not mention the production company's name.[15]
  3. ^ The Parent Trap was earlier remade in Tamil as Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum (1965). Both Do Kaliyaan and Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum were produced by AVM Productions.[15]
  4. ^ Ganesan completed his portions in Kaaval Dheivam (1969) for five days in between the schedules of Uyarndha Manithan upon M. Saravanan's permission.[24]
  5. ^ a b From Puthiya Paravai (1964).[45]

References

  1. ^ Cowie, Peter (1968). World Filmography. Tantivy Press. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-498-01569-4. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  2. ^ Uyarndha Manithan (motion picture) (in Tamil). AVM Productions. 1968. Opening credits, from 0:00 to 2:08.
  3. ^ a b c Pillai 2015, p. 271.
  4. ^ Ramji, V. (5 August 2018). "நண்பன் கதை... சினிமாவில் தனி மவுசு!". Kamadenu (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  5. ^ a b Pillai 2015, p. 272.
  6. ^ a b c d e சரவணன், ஏவி.எம். (1 May 2005). "முணுமுணுப்பு சிடுசிடுப்பு!" (PDF). Kalki (in Tamil). pp. 68–71. Retrieved 3 April 2024 – via Internet Archive.
  7. ^ a b Saravanan 2013, p. 212.
  8. ^ "P N Sundaram passes away". The Times of India. 23 March 2010. Archived from the original on 24 May 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  9. ^ Guy, Randor (1 March 2015). "Remembering Panju". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 24 May 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  10. ^ a b c Saravanan 2013, p. 213.
  11. ^ Ganesan & Narayana Swamy 2007, p. 174.
  12. ^ Saravanan 2013, p. 418.
  13. ^ Werner Antweiler (2015). "Foreign Currency Units per 1 U.S. Dollar, 1948–2014" (PDF). PACIFIC Exchange Rate Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  14. ^ Saravanan 2013, p. 216.
  15. ^ a b c d Saravanan 2013, p. 217.
  16. ^ Aruna, Guhan [@arunaguhan_] (11 March 2023). "An inspiring #AVMTrivia that highlights how we as women have a different perspective and can bring about powerful change in how stories are told. A wonderful story of how Sowkar Janaki ma'am boldly spoke her mind. One day during the filming of Uyarndha Manithan, she came to my great-grandfather's room to see him. In the movie her character was that of a possessive wife, who couldn't tolerate anyone else being more affection, but during shooting she felt she was being portrayed very negatively. She boldly requested him to please make some changes to the character. My great-grandfather made some changes in the dialogues and changed the role of the character she portrayed. In that era for an actress to speak her mind on a character portrayal to a Producer and for him to change the character, both were huge. An inspiration" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 3 April 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024 – via Twitter.
  17. ^ Umashankar, Sudha (17 October 1987). "Poornam: 'acting is a commitment'". The Indian Express. p. 19. Retrieved 21 May 2021 – via Google News Archive.
  18. ^ a b c "ஏவி.எம்., சகாப்தம் (21)". Dinamalar (in Tamil). 26 April 2019. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  19. ^ a b c சிவகுமார் (26 February 2021). "திரைப்படச்சோலை 9: உயர்ந்த மனிதன்". Hindu Tamil Thisai (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  20. ^ a b c Saravanan 2013, p. 219.
  21. ^ a b Gopalakrishnan, P. V. (4 April 2017). "Filmy Ripples: Moonlit Movies (Part 2)". The Cinema Resource Centre. Archived from the original on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
  22. ^ a b Saravanan 2013, pp. 217–218.
  23. ^ சரவணன், ஏவி.எம். (8 May 2005). "டிபனுக்கு கீழே பணம்!" (PDF). Kalki (in Tamil). pp. 60–63. Retrieved 3 April 2024 – via Internet Archive.
  24. ^ Saravanan 2013, pp. 221–222.
  25. ^ "செலுலாய்ட் சோழன் சிவாஜி தொடர் 125 – சுதாங்கன்". Dinamalar (in Tamil). Nellai. 7 May 2016. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  26. ^ "காவல்காரன் படத்தில் எம்.ஜி.ஆருக்கு தம்பியாக நடித்த சிவகுமார்". Maalai Malar (in Tamil). 23 April 2016. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  27. ^ "'UYARNTHA MANITHAN' (Celluloid)". Central Board of Film Certification. 25 November 1968. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  28. ^ "Uyarndha Manithan". Saregama. Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  29. ^ Venugopal, K. V. (22 July 2017). "Vaali, an Astute Lyricist Who Excelled in Adversity". The Wire. Archived from the original on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
  30. ^ Gopalakrishnan, P. V. (26 June 2017). "Filmy Ripples – Accordion in Film Music". The Cinema Resource Centre. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  31. ^ "தயாரிப்பாளர் ஏ.வி.எம்.குமரன் பேட்டி". Dinamalar (in Tamil). 1 October 2017. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  32. ^ Dhool (motion picture) (in Tamil). Sri Suriya Movies. 2003.
  33. ^ Yuvan Yuvathi (motion picture). Reliance Entertainment. 2011. Event occurs at 1:38:58.
  34. ^ a b Sathiya Moorthy, N. (22 July 2013). "Remembering Vaali". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  35. ^ Rangarajan, Malathi (11 December 2009). "When MSV fans came together..." The Hindu. Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  36. ^ "Nanbenda... A tribute to friendship around the world" (PDF). News Today. 1 August 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2016. Alt URL
  37. ^ Saravanan 2013, p. 211.
  38. ^ Pillai 2015, p. 289.
  39. ^ Baskaran, S. Theodore (2015) [2008]. Sivaji Ganesan: Profile of an Icon. Wisdom Tree. p. 63. ISBN 9788183281096.
  40. ^ Saravanan 2013, pp. 219–220.
  41. ^ Ganesan & Narayana Swamy 2007, pp. 174–175.
  42. ^ "High-class histrionics". The Indian Express. 7 December 1968. p. 5. Retrieved 4 March 2019 – via Google News Archive.
  43. ^ "சினிமா விமர்சனம்: உயர்ந்த மனிதன்" [Movie Review: Uyarndha Manithan]. Ananda Vikatan (in Tamil). 15 December 1968.
  44. ^ "16th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. 13 February 1970. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  45. ^ a b c Balaganessin, M. (15 April 2006). "Voice defying age". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  46. ^ Ganesan & Narayana Swamy 2007, p. 246.
  47. ^ "Awards". psusheela.org. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  48. ^ "State film awards". The Indian Express. 1 March 1970. p. 5. Retrieved 15 May 2021 – via Google News Archive.
  49. ^ Dore, Shalini (19 June 2013). "Tamil Songwriter Vaali Dies at 83". Variety. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  50. ^ Ashok Kumar, S. R. (8 May 2009). "My first break — Swarnalatha". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  51. ^ Ganesan & Narayana Swamy 2007, p. 147.
  52. ^ Narayanan, Sharadha (26 March 2009). "From theatre to the big screen". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  53. ^ Rangarajan, Malathi (26 February 2011). "Seedan: In retro mode". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  54. ^ Iyer, Aruna V. (12 May 2012). "For the love of Sivaji". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 4 July 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2015.

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American film production label This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Dark Castle Entertainment – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Dark Castle EntertainmentLogo used since 2024Company typeLabelIndustryMotion picturesFounde...

 

This article is about the school in South Africa. For other schools with a similar name, see Bishop's College (disambiguation). All-boys private school in Cape Town, Western Cape, South AfricaDiocesan College (Bishops)Bishop Diocesan College school crestAddressCamp Ground Road, RondeboschCape Town, Western Cape 7700South AfricaInformationSchool typeAll-boys private schoolMottoPro Fide Et PatriaFor Faith and FatherlandReligious affiliation(s)ChristianityEstablished2 October 1849; ...

 

Weatherford, TexasKotaGedung pengadilan Parker County, Februari 2022Julukan: Ibu kota Persik di TexasLokasi kota Weatherford di Parker County, Texas.Koordinat: 32°45′33″N 97°47′6″W / 32.75917°N 97.78500°W / 32.75917; -97.78500Koordinat: 32°45′33″N 97°47′6″W / 32.75917°N 97.78500°W / 32.75917; -97.78500NegaraAmerika SerikatNegara bagianTexasCountyParkerPemerintahan • JenisPemerintah dewan–pengelola ...

State government agency in Indiana This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Indiana Department of Education – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2009) The Indiana Department of Education (IDOE) oversees primary and secondary education in the U.S. state of Indiana. The depar...

 

British musician (1946–2017) This article is about the composer and guitarist. For the musician and disability activist known as Johnny Crescendo, see Alan Holdsworth. Allan HoldsworthHoldsworth in 2012Background informationBorn(1946-08-06)6 August 1946Bradford, EnglandDied15 April 2017(2017-04-15) (aged 70)Vista, California, USGenresJazz fusioninstrumental rockprogressive rockOccupation(s)MusiciancomposerproducerInstrument(s)GuitarSynthAxeviolinYears active1969–2017LabelsCTIJMS–Cr...

 

Royal Rumble 1989Prodotto daWorld Wrestling Federation Data15 gennaio 1989 CittàHouston, Texas SedeThe Summit Spettatori19.000 TaglineNo Partners... 30 Opponents Cronologia pay-per-viewSurvivor Series 1988Royal Rumble 1989WrestleMania V Progetto Wrestling Manuale Royal Rumble 1989 fu la seconda edizione dell'omonimo pay-per-view organizzato dalla World Wrestling Federation, il primo trasmesso come pay-per-view. Si tenne al Lakewood Church Central Campus a Houston, Texas. Il main event fu il ...

State whose economic system is no longer a form of capitalism This article is about the concept in economic thought. For the book by Paul Mason, see PostCapitalism. Post-capitalist society redirects here. For 1993 book by Peter Drucke, see Post-Capitalist Society. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wik...

 

هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة وصلات إلى المقالات المتعلقة بها الموجودة في النص الحالي. (يوليو 2021) هيثم محمود   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 23 سبتمبر 1991 (33 سنة)[1]  الإسكندرية ...

 

多斯瓦里奥斯Dosbarrios市镇多斯瓦里奥斯在西班牙的位置坐标:39°52′59″N 3°28′52″W / 39.883055555556°N 3.4811111111111°W / 39.883055555556; -3.4811111111111国家西班牙自治区卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰省托莱多省面积 • 总计112 平方公里(43 平方英里)人口(2001) • 總計2,100人 • 密度18.8人/平方公里(48.6人/平方英里)时区CET(UTC+1) • ...

American private equity firm This article is about the private equity firm. For the private equity investor and founder of the firm, see Thomas H. Lee (businessman). This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (September 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) See also: Lee Equity Partners Thomas H....

 

New Delhiनई दिल्लीStasiun angkutan cepat di DelhiKoordinat28°38′32″N 77°13′18″E / 28.642229°N 77.221538°E / 28.642229; 77.221538Jalur  Jalur Kuning  Jalur Ekspres BandaraJumlah peronSampingKonstruksiJenis strukturBawah TanahSejarahDibuka3 Juli 2005 (Jalur Kuning)23 Februari 2011 (Jalur Ekspres Bandara)Operasi layanan Stasiun sebelumnya   Delhi Metro   Stasiun berikutnya Chawri Bazarmenuju Jahangirpuri Jalur KuningRajiv Ch...

 

Cuban musician, conductor and composer Gonzalo Roig Gonzalo Roig Lobo (Havana, 20 July 1890 – Havana, 13 June 1970) was a Cuban composer, pianist, violinist and musical director. He was a pioneer of the symphonic movement in Cuba. His most popular works are the zarzuela Cecilia Valdés and the song Quiéreme mucho (known in English as Yours). Life and career In 1902, he began to study piano, music theory and solfège and then later graduated in music studies at the Havana Conservatory. ...

音樂上的偏差音(inharmonicity)是樂器的本性,代表樂器發出的泛音頻率偏離其基本頻率整數倍的特性。 鋼琴 Railsback曲線鋼琴調音(調律)中,所有平均律都需要微調,因為琴弦的剛性(stiffness)會產生偏差音。 1943年,Schuck和Young兩位科學家首次測得鋼琴的偏差音。相對於平均律的鋼琴偏差音見Railsback曲線圖[1]。圖中顯示偏差音向鋼琴左右兩端擴大,偏離平均律的最�...

 

Vytautas yang Agung, lukisan dari abad ke-17 Perjanjian Ostrów atau Astrava (bahasa Lituania: Astravos sutartis, bahasa Belarus: Востраўскае пагадненне, bahasa Polandia: Ugoda w Ostrowie) adalah sebuah perjanjian yang ditandatangani oleh Raja Polandia dan Haryapatih Lituania Jogaila (Władysław II Jagiełło) dan sepupunya, Vytautas yang Agung. Perjanjian yang ditandatangani pada tanggal 4 Agustus 1392 ini mengakhiri Perang Saudara Lituania yang dimulai pada...

 

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Hassan Bahar di Nacht van de Journalistiek pada 2015 Hassan Bahara (kelahiran pada 1978 di Teroua n'Aït Izou, Maroko) adalah seorang penulis Maroko-Belanda. Ia dibesarkan di Amsterdam. Ia memenangkan Penghargaan El Hizjra untuk Kesusastraan pada 2000...

Аріанство Названо на честь Арій Час/дата припинення існування 689[1] Протилежне Трійця  Аріанство у Вікісховищі Аріанські й халкедонські країни (495) Аріа́нство, або арія́нство (лат. Arianismus, Arrianismus, грец. Αρειανισμός), також єресь Арія (лат. Haeresis Ariana, Perfidia Arriana, Haeresis Arrian)...

 

Night market found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and SingaporePeople bargaining in a traditional Indonesian pasar malam in Rawasari, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Pasar malam is a Malay word that literally means night market (the word pasar comes from bazaar in Persian[1][2]). A pasar malam is a street market in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore that opens in the evening, usually in residential neighbourhoods.[3] Pasar malams are culturally very similar to nigh...