United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation

This article is about the Sabahan defunct political party of the 1960s. For the current manifestation of UPKO, formed in Sabah in 1994, see United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation.
United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation
Pertubuhan Pasok-Momogun Kadazan Bersatu
AbbreviationUPKO
LeaderFuad Stephens
FounderFuad Stephens
FoundedJune 1964
Dissolved28 December 1967
Merger ofReunite of United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO) to form United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO) - 1964
Split fromBreakaway of United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO) - 1962
Preceded byFormation of United National Kadazan Organisation (UNKO) - 1961
Succeeded byConsolidation into United Sabah National Organisation (USNO) - 1967
National affiliationSabah Alliance (1963-1967)
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The United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (Malay: Pertubuhan Pasok-Momogun Kadazan Bersatu; abbrev: UPKO) was a Kadazan-Dusun-Murut (KDM) based political party in North Borneo and later Sabah at the time it became a state of Malaysia in the 1960s.[1][2]

History

Formation of United National Kadazan Organisation (1961)

The party was initially started as the United National Kadazan Organisation (UNKO) which was founded by Donald Stephens and Peter Joinod Mojuntin in 1961, with its core constituency of indigenous Sabahans.[3] UNKO modeled after United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in Malaya; was the first indigenous party in Sabah formed to represent the interests of the Kadazandusun community in Sabah. At the time of its founding it had approximately 20,000 members.[4]

Breakaway of United Pasok Momogun Organisation (1962)

The new party UNKO has members which does not support the "Malaysia project" and disagrees with Donald Stephens, hence they split to form a new group led by G. S. Sundang going on to form the United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO) in January 1962.[3]

Reunification and formation of United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (1963-1964)

Upon the formation of Malaysia in 1963, UNKO entered into a Sabah Alliance coalition with the United Sabah National Organisation (USNO), a Muslim party, and the Sabah Chinese Association (SCA) to form a consociationalism new Government of Sabah;[3] with its president Stephens became the state's first Chief Minister.[4] In May 1964, the breakaway UPMO party, eventually reunited with its parent party.[1] The merger saw UNKO renamed itself as the United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO) in June 1964.[2]

Dissolution and merger into United Sabah National Organisation (1967)

After Stephens was forced out of the chief ministership in 1964 and became a federal minister.,[5] the party was dissolved on 28 December 1967 and absorbed into United Sabah National Organisation (USNO).[2][6]

General election results

Election Total seats won Seats contested Total votes Share of votes Outcome of election Election leader
1964 (UNKO)
5 / 159
 13 appointed by Legislative Assembly Increase5 seats; Governing coalition

(Alliance Party)

Donald Stephens

State election results

State election State Legislative Assembly
Sabah Total won / Total contested
2/3 majority
2 / 3
1967
12 / 32
12 / 24

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "UPKO rebranded to United Progressive People of Kinabalu Organisation". Bernama. Malaysiakini. 23 November 2019. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  2. ^ a b c "United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation / Parti Demokratik Sabah". Archived from the original on January 25, 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  3. ^ a b c Sabah State Archives. "GOVERNMENTAL RECORDS (Before Independence)". Chief Minister Department. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  4. ^ a b Lim, Regina (2008). Federal-state Relations in Sabah, Malaysia: The Berjaya Administration, 1976-85. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 42.
  5. ^ Luping, Herman (14 September 2013). "Sabah foresees a brighter future". New Straits Times. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  6. ^ "Former federal minister celebrates 80th birthday in style". Borneo Post. 19 June 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
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