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Imperial City of Turckheim
*Reichsstadt Türkheim* (de)
*Ville libre de Turckheim* (fr)
Imperial City of Turckheim Reichsstadt Türkheim (de); Ville libre de Turckheim (fr)
1312–1648
	Coat of arms
Status	Free Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire
Capital	Turckheim
Government	Republic
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Gained Imp. immediacy	1312
• Received city rights,; joined the Décapole	; 1354
• Ceded to France	24 October 1648
• Treaties of Nijmegen; end the Décapole	; 26 January 1679
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Duchy of Swabia
Early modern France
Today part of	France

Turckheim
Turckheim
Commune
	Entrance to Turckheim through the Porte de France
	Coat of arms
	Location of Turckheim
	Turckheim Turckheim
	Coordinates: 48°05′14″N 7°16′52″E / 48.0872°N 7.2811°E
Country	France
Region	Grand Est
Department	Haut-Rhin
Arrondissement	Colmar-Ribeauvillé
Canton	Wintzenheim
Intercommunality	Colmar Agglomération
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Benoît Schlussel
Area 1	16.46 km2 (6.36 sq mi)
Population (2021)	3,928
• Density	240/km2 (620/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	68338 /68230
Elevation	219–840 m (719–2,756 ft) ; (avg. 240 m or 790 ft)
	1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Turckheim (French pronunciation: [tyʁkaim] ^ⓘ; Alsatian: Tercka; German: Türkheim) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. It lies west of Colmar, on the eastern slopes of the Vosges mountains.

History

Archeological finds indicate the area was already inhabited during Ancient Rome. When the Germanic tribes invaded and crossed the Rhine, the Thuringii settled here and possibly gave their name to the town, which was first Thorencohaime and then Thuringheim. During the High Middle Ages Thuringheim is listed as belonging partly to the abbey of Munster and partly to the manor of Haut-Landsberg, centered in Kientzheim.

Turckheim became a free imperial city in 1312, and in 1315, the construction of ramparts was begun, which are still in good condition. It already had city rights and market rights in 1354, and from 1354 to 1679, Turckheim was part of the Décapole, a league of ten free imperial cities of the Holy Roman Empire. After the Peace of Westphalia (1648), Turckheim and the other Alsatian towns refused to swear allegiance to the French king.^{[citation needed]}

During the Franco-Dutch War, the village of Turckheim was taken by French armies, led by Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne, which subsequently defeated armies of Austria and Brandenburg in what became known as the Battle of Turckheim (1675). Features of the village of Turckheim, especially the gates, help to identify the town in a fan currently in the Fan Museum in Greenwich, England.^[3] In 1678, with the signing of the Treaties of Nijmegen, the French king assumed control over Turckheim.^{[citation needed]}

In 1871, at the end of the Franco-Prussian War, the town, with the rest of the Alsace, became part of the German Empire. In 1918, it reverted to France.^{[citation needed]}

Turckheim is one of only a few remaining towns in France with a municipal night watchman, who makes the rounds at 10 p.m. between 1 May and 31 October and on the three Saturdays preceding Christmas. Maintained for tourist reasons, the position commemorates the 13th-century night watchman who prevented a fire.^[4]^[5]

Geography

Turckheim lies in the valley of the river Fecht, downstream from Munster. It is 6 km west of the city centre of Colmar.

Climate

Turckheim has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Turckheim is 9.4 °C (48.9 °F). The average annual rainfall is 828.0 mm (32.60 in) with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 18.3 °C (64.9 °F), and lowest in January, at around 1.2 °C (34.2 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Turckheim was 35.7 °C (96.3 °F) on 7 August 2015; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −20.0 °C (−4.0 °F) on 13 January 1987.

Climate data for Turckheim^[6] (1981–2010 averages, extremes 1986−present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	17.7 (63.9)	19.4 (66.9)	23.5 (74.3)	26.0 (78.8)	30.9 (87.6)	34.5 (94.1)	35.5 (95.9)	35.7 (96.3)	30.4 (86.7)	26.4 (79.5)	19.2 (66.6)	18.6 (65.5)	35.7 (96.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	3.8 (38.8)	4.7 (40.5)	8.1 (46.6)	12.1 (53.8)	17.0 (62.6)	20.1 (68.2)	22.3 (72.1)	22.2 (72.0)	17.5 (63.5)	13.0 (55.4)	7.4 (45.3)	4.1 (39.4)	12.7 (54.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)	1.2 (34.2)	1.9 (35.4)	5.0 (41.0)	8.4 (47.1)	13.1 (55.6)	16.1 (61.0)	18.3 (64.9)	18.3 (64.9)	14.0 (57.2)	10.1 (50.2)	4.8 (40.6)	1.7 (35.1)	9.4 (48.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−1.5 (29.3)	−0.9 (30.4)	1.9 (35.4)	4.7 (40.5)	9.2 (48.6)	12.2 (54.0)	14.3 (57.7)	14.3 (57.7)	10.6 (51.1)	7.1 (44.8)	2.3 (36.1)	−0.6 (30.9)	6.2 (43.2)
Record low °C (°F)	−20.0 (−4.0)	−17.4 (0.7)	−13.5 (7.7)	−7.0 (19.4)	−0.5 (31.1)	3.2 (37.8)	6.3 (43.3)	6.2 (43.2)	2.5 (36.5)	−4.2 (24.4)	−11.7 (10.9)	−17.1 (1.2)	−20.0 (−4.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	65.4 (2.57)	65.0 (2.56)	63.0 (2.48)	54.3 (2.14)	79.8 (3.14)	69.7 (2.74)	75.0 (2.95)	67.6 (2.66)	65.2 (2.57)	81.0 (3.19)	60.6 (2.39)	81.4 (3.20)	828.0 (32.60)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	9.9	10.1	10.5	10.5	12.0	10.9	10.9	10.1	9.2	10.4	10.6	10.9	126.1
Source: Météo France^[7]

Population

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1968	3,028	—
1975	3,609	+2.54%
1982	3,510	−0.40%
1990	3,567	+0.20%
1999	3,594	+0.08%
2007	3,731	+0.47%
2012	3,723	−0.04%
2017	3,776	+0.28%
Source: INSEE^[8]

Notable residents

Victor Sieg (1837 – 1899), composer and organist, was born in Turckheim. Rue Victor Sieg is named in his honour.^[9]

References

^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
^ "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
^ Cowen, Pamela (2003). A Fanfare for the Sun King: Unfolding Fans for Louis XIV. Third Millennium Information. pp. 66–69. ISBN 9781903942208.
^ "découvrir turkheim". Turkheim.fr (in French). Retrieved 3 April 2016.
^ Deslais, Pierre (2014). L'Alsace, géographie curieuse et insolite (in French). Éditions Ouest France. p. 83. ISBN 978-2-7373-6364-1.
^ Météo-France weather station
^ "Climate of Turckheim 1981-2010" (PDF) (in French). Météo-France. Retrieved June 15, 2022.
^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
^ Billich, André (1975). Histoire d'une ancienne ville impériale: Turckheim, pp. 83 and 171. Éditions Alsatia (in French)