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Tropical Depression One
	Tropical Depression One on May 30, 1988
Meteorological history
Formed	May 31, 1988
Dissipated	June 2, 1988
Tropical depression
	1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds	30 mph (45 km/h)
Lowest pressure	1002 mbar (hPa); 29.59 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities	37
Areas affected	Cuba, Florida
	IBTrACS
	Part of the 1988 Atlantic hurricane season

Tropical Depression One was the wettest tropical cyclone in Cuba since Hurricane Flora of 1963. The first tropical cyclone of the 1988 Atlantic hurricane season, the system developed on May 30 from an area of disturbed weather in the northwestern Caribbean Sea. The tropical depression headed northeastward, making landfall in La Habana Province, Cuba, without intensifying. Crossing Cuba, the depression became very disorganized as it emerged into the Straits of Florida and degenerated into an open trough on June 2. Although only a tropical depression, the system flooded central and western Cuba with over 40 inches (1000 mm) of rain, causing 37 fatalities, damage to over 1,000 houses, and the evacuation of about 65,000 residents.

Meteorological history

By late on May 29, scattered showers and thunderstorms existed over the northwestern Caribbean Sea.^[1] A weak surface low-pressure area formed on the following day, with the National Hurricane Center (NHC) noting some very deep and concentrated convection.^[2] Around 18:00 UTC on May 30, Tropical Depression One developed in the western Caribbean Sea,^[3] a day before the start of the Atlantic hurricane season.^[4] The depression moved northeastward along the axis of a northeast-southwest oriented trough,^[5] passing just northwest of Isla de la Juventud before striking the Cuban mainland south of Havana. As it crossed the country, its strongest rainfall was east of the center, and the depression failed to intensify beyond winds of 30 mph (45 km/h).^[3]^[6]

Although the NHC never anticipated that the depression would intensify, due to unfavorable wind shear,^[7] they stated early on June 2 that "it is not unreasonable to expect some strengthening" because the cyclone was crossing the Gulf Stream, which had sea surface temperatures of at least 81 °F (27 °C).^[8] After a hurricane hunters flight could not detect a circulation,^[9] the depression degenerated into an open trough east of Florida on June 2.^[3]^[6] The final discussion by the NHC noted the presence of several weak eddies, but that none were close enough to the remaining deep convection to justify the system continuing to be classified as a tropical cyclone.^[10]

Impact and aftermath

While crossing Cuba, the depression dropped heavy rainfall, affecting the provinces of Cienfuegos, Villa Clara, Sancti Spíritus, Camagüey, and Ciego de Ávila. The precipitation peaked at 40.35 in (1,025 mm) in Cienfuegos Province, of which 34.13 in (867 mm) fell in one day. At the time, it was the second highest rainfall total in the country, only behind Hurricane Flora in 1963, although Hurricane Dennis in 2005 later surpassed the depression.^[11] Rainfall reached 22.76 in (578 mm) in Cienfuegos and 21.90 in (556 mm) in Sancti Spíritus.^[12]

The heavy rainfall caused flooding in Camagüey that damaged about 5,700 houses and destroyed 200.^[12]^[13] The flooding also damaged 15 schools and hospitals, as well as several crop buildings.^[12] The floods left widespread areas without electricity or communications. Six bridges were destroyed in central and western Cuba, which, in addition to damaged roads and rail lines, severely disrupted the country's transportation infrastructure.^[14] A total of 131 roads were unpassable due to the flooding, and 55 rail lines were damaged.^[12] The flood waters prompted officials to evacuate 65,000 residents in low-lying areas,^[14] including using helicopters and amphibious vehicles.^[15] A tornado was reported in the city of Camagüey, destroying five Soviet planes and several buildings.^[14] By the day after the depression dissipated, the Cuban government reported nine deaths,^[15] although the death toll was later finalized at 37.^[11] The depression also killed thousands of livestock.^[12] Following the severe flooding, the Red Cross sent aid to the victims of Tropical Depression One in Cuba. The Red Cross had sent medical units, tents, blankets, and other necessary item to the victims by plane.^[16] Overall about 90,000 people were affected.^[12]

With most of the rainfall occurring east of the center, the depression did not produce significant precipitation in Florida. Precipitation of around 1 in (25 mm) spread across the Miami area, peaking at 3.18 in (81 mm) in Pompano Beach.^[6]

References

^ Torres (1988-05-29). "Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
^ Kenneth Haydu (1988-05-30). "Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
^ ^a ^b ^c David M. Roth (2011). "Extended Best Track Database for CLIQR program". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved 2011-02-20.
^ Staff Writer (1988-06-01). "Storm signals the arrival of hurricane season". The Deseret News. Retrieved 2011-03-10.
^ B. Max Mayfield (1988-06-01). "Tropical Depression Discussion Tropical Depression One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
^ ^a ^b ^c David M. Roth (2008-08-04). "Tropical Depression #1 - May 30-June 2, 1988". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved 2011-03-10.
^ Staff Writer (1988-06-01). "Tropical depression born on schedule". Boca Raton News. Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-03-10.
^ Harold P. Gerrish (1988-06-02). "Tropical Depression Discussion Tropical Depression One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
^ Staff Writer (1988-06-01). "Forecasters Watching Depression". Domestic News. Associated Press.
^ B. Max Mayfield (1988-06-02). "Tropical Depression Discussion Tropical Depression One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
^ ^a ^b Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos (2003). "Lluvias intensas observadas y grandes inundaciones reportadas" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2007-03-12. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA) (1988-06-10). "Cuba - Heavy Rains Jun 1988 UNDRO Information Report No. 1". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2011-03-10.
^ "Cuba -- Flood". The Russian Information Agency. 1988-06-08.
^ ^a ^b ^c Staff Writer (1988-06-02). "Storm Kills 14, Six Missing in Cuba". International News. Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-03-03.
^ ^a ^b Staff Writer (1988-06-03). "Depression downgraded". Times Daily. Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-03-10.
^ "Relief Aid to Cuba". The Russian Information Agency. 1988-06-08.