Timeline of World War I
List of significant events occurring during World War I
This is a list of the events of World War I in chronological order.
1914
Dates
Theater/Front/Campaign
Events
June 28
Politics
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand , heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, who was killed in Sarajevo along with his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg by Gavrilo Princip , a Bosnian Serb.
July 5
Politics
Austria-Hungary seeks German support for a war against Serbia in case of Russian military intervention. German Empire gives assurances of support.
July 23
Politics
Beginning of the "Black Week". Austria-Hungary sends an ultimatum to Kingdom of Serbia . Kingdom of Serbia responds that night, agreeing to most but not all terms of the ultimatum.
The Serbian response is seen as satisfactory by the Kaiser, but German diplomats do not pressure Austria to make peace. (Details )
July 24
Balkan
Kingdom of Serbia mobilizes, expecting Austria to declare war after the refusal of the ultimatum.
July 25
Eastern
Austria mobilizes against Serbia. Russia enters the period preparatory to war (partial mobilization).
July 28
Politics
To my peoples . Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.[ 4]
July 29
Politics
Willy–Nicky correspondence . Wilhelm II, German Emperor and Nicholas II of Russia communicate via telegram.[ 5]
July 30
Politics
Germany sends Russia an ultimatum.[ 5]
July 31
Politics
Sweden announces neutrality in the conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia [ 6]
Politics
Russia mobilizes for war.
August 1
Politics
Germany declares war on Russia and mobilizes.[ 7] [ 9]
Western
France mobilizes.[ 7]
Politics
Italy declares its neutrality.[ 10]
Politics
German–Ottoman alliance . German Empire and the Ottoman Empire sign a secret alliance treaty.[ 11]
August 2
Western
Germany invades Luxembourg .[ 12] (Details )
Western
Skirmish at Joncherey , first military action on the Western Front.[ 13]
August 2 – 26
Western
Germany besieges and captures fortified Longwy , "the Iron Gate to Paris", near the Luxembourg border, opening France to mass German invasion.
August 3
Politics
Germany declares war on France .[ 14] Belgium denies permission for German forces to pass through to the French border.[ 16]
Politics
Switzerland declares its neutrality and mobilises for defence purposes.[ 17] [ 18]
Politics
Sweden declares neutrality in the conflict between Germany , Russia and France [ 6]
August 4
Western
German invasion of Belgium (1914) [ 19] to outflank the French army.
Rape of Belgium
Politics
Britain protests against the violation of Belgian neutrality, guaranteed by the Treaty of London (1839) , The German Chancellor replies that the treaty is just a chiffon de papier (a scrap of paper). The United Kingdom declares war on Germany, automatically including all dominions, colonies, etc. of the British Empire including Canada, Australia, and British India .[ 20] (Details )
Politics
The United States declares neutrality.
August 5 – 16
Western
Battle of Liège . The Germans besiege and then capture the fortresses of Liège , Belgium.
August 5
Asian and Pacific
First weapon fired in Melbourne , Australia , by Australian troops[ 21]
Asian and Pacific
German Steamer SS Pfalz surrenders after being fired on by Fort Nepean , south of Melbourne , Australia [ 22] (Details )
Politics
Montenegro declares war on Austria-Hungary .
Middle Eastern
The Ottoman Empire closes the Dardanelles .
August 6
Politics
Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia .[ 24]
Politics
Kingdom of Serbia declares war on Germany .[ 24]
August 7
Politics
Spain declares "the strictest neutrality."[ 25] [ 26] (Details )
August 7 – September 6
Western
Battle of the Frontiers . The Germans obtain a victory against the British Expeditionary Force and France's Fifth Army.
August 7 – 10
Western
Battle of Mulhouse , a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.
August 8
Politics
Montenegro declares war on Germany .[ 24]
Politics
Sweden and Norway declare neutrality in the general conflict
August 9
African , Togoland
The Togoland Campaign begins.
August 11
Politics
France declares war on Austria-Hungary.
August 12
Politics
The United Kingdom declares war on Austria-Hungary.[ 24] [ 27]
Western
Battle of Halen , a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.
August 14 – 25
Western
Battle of Lorraine , a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.
August 14 – 24
Western
Battle of Dinant , during the German invasion of Belgium. Including Sack of Dinant (August 23)
August 15
African , East African
German troops cross into East Africa Protectorate and occupy Taveta . (Details )
August 15 – 24
Balkan , Serbian
The Serbs defeat the Austro-Hungarians at the Battle of Cer .
August 17
Eastern
Battle of Stallupönen . The Russian army enters East Prussia .
August 20
Eastern
The Germans attack the Russians in East Prussia at the Battle of Gumbinnen . The attack is a failure in addition to being a deviation from the Schlieffen Plan.
Western
The Germans occupy Brussels .
Western
Battle of Morhange-Sarrebourg, a phase of the Battle of Lorraine.
August 21 – 23
Western
Battle of Charleroi , a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.
August 21 – 23
Western
Battle of the Ardennes , a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.
August 23
Politics
Japan declares war on Germany .[ 24] (Details )
Western
Battle of Mons , a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.
August 23 – 30
Eastern
Battle of Tannenberg : the Russian army undergoes a heavy defeat by the Germans.
August 23 – September 11
Eastern
Battle of Galicia . The Russians capture Lviv .
August 23 – 25
Eastern
Battle of Kraśnik , a phase of the Battle of Lemberg. The Austro-Hungarian First Army defeats the Russian Fourth Army.
August 24 – 26
Western
Action of Elouges
Western
Battle of the Trouée de Charmes , a phase of the Battle of Lorraine.
August 24 – September 7
Western
Siege of Maubeuge . The Germans besiege and capture the Maubeuge Fortress.
August 24 – September 5
Western
The Allied Great Retreat to the River Marne.
August 25
Politics
Japan declares war on Austria-Hungary.[ 24]
African , Kamerun
Battle of Tepe : The Kamerun campaign begins.
August 26
African , Togoland
British and French forces conquer Togoland , a German protectorate in West Africa . (Details )
Western
Rearguard Affair of Le Grand Fayt
August 26
Western
Battle of Le Cateau results in an Allied retreat.
August 26 – 30
Eastern
Battle of Gnila Lipa , a phase of the Battle of Lemberg.
August 26 – September 2
Eastern
Battle of Komarów (1914) , part of the Battle of Lemberg.
August 26, 1914 – February 18, 1916
African , Kamerun
Siege of Mora
August 27
Western
Rearguard Affair of Étreux
August 27 – November 7
Asian and Pacific
Siege of Tsingtao : British and Japanese forces capture the German-controlled port of Qingdao in Republic of China (1912–1949) .
August 28
Naval
The Royal Navy wins the First Battle of Heligoland Bight (1914) in the North Sea .
Politics
Austria-Hungary declares war on Belgium .[ 24]
August 29 – 30
Western
Battle of St. Quentin (1914) , also known as Battle of Guise. Orderly Allied retreat.
August 29 – 31
African , Kamerun
First Battle of Garua
August 29 – 30
Asian and Pacific
Occupation of German Samoa . New Zealand occupies German Samoa (later Samoa ).
September 1
Western
Affair of Néry
Politics
Saint Petersburg renamed Petrograd, removing German words "Burg" and "Sankt".[ 33]
September 3 – 11
Eastern
Austro-Hungarian defeat at the Battle of Rawa , a phase of the Battle of Lemberg.
September 5
Naval , Atlantic
British scout cruiser HMS Pathfinder (1904) is sunk by U-boat SM U-21 off Scotland .
September 5–12
Western
First Battle of the Marne . The German advance on Paris is halted, marking the failure of the Schlieffen Plan .
Western
Battle of the Ourcq, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne.
Western
Battle of the Two Morins
September 6
African , Kamerun
Battle of Nsanakong
September 6–12
Western
Battle of the Marshes of Saint-Gond, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne.
Western
Battle of Vitry, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne.
Western
Battle of Revigny, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne.
September 7 – September 24
Balkan , Serbian
Battle of the Drina
September 7
Asian and Pacific
Fanning Raid
September 7–14
Eastern
First Battle of the Masurian Lakes : The Russian Army of the Neman withdraws from East Prussia with heavy casualties.
September 9
Politics
Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg lays out Germany's war aims. (Details )
September 11
Asian and Pacific
Battle of Bita Paka
September 13
African , South West Africa
South West Africa campaign . Troops from South Africa begin invading German South West Africa .
September 13–28
Western
The First Battle of the Aisne ends in a substantial draw. The Race to the Sea begins.
September 14
Politics
Erich von Falkenhayn replaces Helmuth von Moltke the Younger as German Chief of Staff.
September 14–17
Asian and Pacific
Siege of Toma . Most German forces in German New Guinea surrender to the Australians then or over the following year.
September 15, 1914 - Feb 4, 1915
African , South West Africa
Maritz rebellion . Boers leader Manie Maritz revolts in South Africa.
September 19 – October 11
Western
Battle of Flirey
September 20
Naval , African , East African
Battle of Zanzibar , German naval victory.
September 22
Asian and Pacific
Bombardment of Papeete
Asian and Pacific
Bombardment of Madras . German light cruiser SMS Emden attacks Chennai .
September 22–26
Western
First Battle of Picardy
September 24
Eastern
The Siege of Przemyśl begins.
September 26
African , South West Africa
Battle of Sandfontein
September 25–29
Western
First Battle of Albert (1914)
September 28 – October 10
Western
Siege of Antwerp (1914) . The Germans besiege and capture Antwerp , Belgium.
September 29–30
Asian and Pacific
Japan occupies the Marshall Islands .
September 29 – October 31
Eastern
Battle of the Vistula River , also known as Battle of Warsaw.
October 1914 – July 11, 1915
Naval , African , East African
Battle of Rufiji Delta , German cruiser SMS Königsberg (1905) destroyed.
October 1–4
Western
First Battle of Arras (1914)
October 9 – November 1
Balkan , Serbian
Central powers control Belgrade. (Details )
October 10 – November 2
Western
Battle of La Bassée
October 12 – November 2
Western
First Battle of Messines (1914)
October 13 – November 2
Western
Battle of Armentières
October 16–31
Western
Battle of the Yser . French and Belgian forces secure the coastline of Belgium.
October 19 – November 22
Western
The First Battle of Ypres ends the Race to the Sea . The Germans are prevented from reaching Calais and Dunkirk .
October 18, 1914 – July 9, 1915
African , South West Africa
German campaign in Angola . Clashes between German and Portuguese forces in the Portuguese Angola -German South West Africa border, without declaration of war.
October 28
Naval , Asian and Pacific
Battle of Penang . The German cruiser Emden sinks two British warships in the Strait of Malacca .
October 29
Naval , Eastern
Black Sea raid . Ottoman warships bombard the Russian ports of Odesa and Sevastopol .
November 1
Politics
Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire .
Naval
Battle of Coronel . Von Spee's German cruiser squadron defeats a Royal Navy squadron under Christopher Cradock off Chile .
November 2
Naval , Atlantic
The United Kingdom begins the naval blockade of Germany . (Details )
Politics
Serbia declares war on the Ottoman Empire.[ 24]
November 2–21
Middle Eastern , Caucasian
Bergmann Offensive , first military engagement in the Caucasus of the First World War.
November 3
Politics
Montenegro declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
African , East African
Battle of Kilimanjaro
November 3–5
African , East African
Von Lettow-Vorbeck's German colonial forces defeat the British at the Battle of Tanga , German East Africa.
November 5
Politics
France and the United Kingdom[ 37] declare war on the Ottoman Empire.[ 24]
November 6–8
Middle Eastern , Mesopotamian
Fao Landing , British and Indians besiege the fortress at Fao.
November 7
Asian and Pacific
Japanese Forces capture the Naval Base at Tsingtao. (Details )
November 11
Politics
Sultan Mehmed V declares Jihad on the Allies of World War I .[ 39]
November 11–22
Middle Eastern , Mesopotamian
Battle of Basra (1914)
November 11 – December 6
Eastern
Battle of Łódź (1914) (also known as Silesian offensive ).
November 13
African , East African
Battle of El Herri : Worst French defeat in Morocco at the hands of the Zayanes .
November 16 – December 15
Balkan , Serbian
Battle of Kolubara , Austro-Hungarians withdraw from Serbia.
November 19
Politics
Bolshevik representatives at the State Duma arrested and exiled to Siberia .
November 23
Middle Eastern , Mesopotamian
Basra is occupied by the British .
December 1 – 13
Eastern
Battle of Limanowa
December 3 – 9
Middle Eastern , Mesopotamian
Battle of Qurna
December 8
Naval
Battle of the Falkland Islands . Von Spee's German cruiser squadron is defeated by the Royal Navy .
December 10
Western
Hill 60 (Ypres) captured by the Germans.
December 14
Middle Eastern , Persian
Persian campaign (World War I) . Ottomans occupy the Persian border town of Qatur as a bridgehead to the Caucasus, but withdraw after their defeat at Sarıkamış .
December 16
Naval , Atlantic
Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby . The German fleet shells Scarborough, North Yorkshire , Hartlepool , and Whitby England .
December 18–19
Politics
Christian X, Gustaf V, and Haakon VII meet at Malmö to discuss neutrality, which leads to Denmark joining Sweden and Norway in neutrality[ 42]
December 18 – 22
Western
Battle of Givenchy
December 17, 1914 – January 13, 1915
Western
First Battle of Artois
December 20
Western
Fighting begins at Perthes, Ardennes .
December 20, 1914 – 17 March 1915
Western
First Battle of Champagne
December 22
Western
Fighting begins at Noyon .
December 22, 1914 – January 17, 1915
Middle Eastern , Caucasian
The Russians win the Battle of Sarikamish , Caucasia.
December 24 – 26
Western
In some sectors of the Western Front, an unofficial Christmas truce is observed between German and British forces.
December 25 – January 18, 1915
Middle Eastern , Caucasian
Battle of Ardahan
1915
Dates
Theater/Front/Campaign
Events
January 2
Eastern
The Russian offensive in the Carpathians begins. It will continue until April 12.
January 4–11
Middle Eastern , Persian
Ottomans occupy Urmia and Tabriz by surprise.
January 18
Politics
Japan attempts to impose its Twenty-One Demands on neutral China.
January 18–19
African , East African
Battle of Jassin .
January 19 – December 22
Western
Battle of Hartmannswillerkopf , series of battles fought to control the peak.
January 24
Naval
Battle of Dogger Bank between squadrons of the British Grand Fleet and the German Hochseeflotte .
January 24–26
African , East African
Chilembwe uprising led by John Chilembwe in Nyasaland .
January 28 – February 3
Middle Eastern , Sinai and Palestine
The Ottomans fail to capture the Suez Canal in the First Suez Offensive .
January 30
Middle Eastern , Persian
The Russians take Tabriz.
January 31
Eastern
Battle of Bolimov . First German use of chemical weapons .[ 45]
February 4
Naval , Atlantic
Germany begins unrestricted submarine warfare against merchant vessels.
African , South West Africa
Jan Kemp surrenders. End of the Maritz Rebellion .
African , South West Africa
Battle of Kakamas : German invasion of South Africa repelled.
February 7–22
Eastern
Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes . The Russian X Army is defeated.
February 15
Asian and Pacific
Troops in Singapore mutiny against the British
February 19
Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
British and French naval attack on the Dardanelles . The Gallipoli Campaign begins.
March 5
Politics
Great Britain and France promise Russia Constantinople .
March 7
Middle Eastern , Persian
Ottomans retreat to Qotur, pushed by a Russian counteroffensive.
March 10 – March 13
Western
Battle of Neuve Chapelle . After an initial success, a British offensive is halted.
March 14
Naval
Battle of Más a Tierra . The last remnant of the German East Asia Squadron is sunk and its crew interned in neutral Chile .
March 18
Naval , Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
Battle of 18 March. The British and French unsuccessfully try to force the Dardanelles , losing 3 Pre-Dreadnought Battleships
March 22
Eastern
The Siege of Przemyśl ends. The Russians capture the fortress.
April 5 – May 5
Western
First Battle of Woevre .
April 12–14
Middle Eastern , Mesopotamian
Battle of Shaiba .
April 15
Middle Eastern , Persian
Battle of Dilman
April 19 – May 17
Middle Eastern , Caucasian
The Ottomans besiege the Armenian city of Van .
April 22 – May 25
Western
The Second Battle of Ypres , which ends in a stalemate. Germany first uses poison gas .
April 22–23
Western
Battle of Gravenstafel , First stage of the Second Battle of Ypres.
April 24
Politics
Deportation of Armenian intellectuals to Ankara , first act of the Armenian genocide .
April 24 – May 5
Western
Battle of St Julien , part of the Second Battle of Ypres.
April 25
Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
Allied forces land on Gallipoli, landing at Ari Burnu , soon renamed Anzac Cove, and Cape Helles . (Details )
April 26
Politics
Treaty of London between the Entente and Italy .[citation needed ]
African , South West Africa
Battle of Trekkopjes .
April 28
Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
First Battle of Krithia . The Allied advance is repelled.
April 29
African , Kamerun
Battle of Gurin .
May 1
Eastern
The Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive begins: the German troops under General Mackensen break through the Russian lines in Galicia .
Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
Battle of Eski Hissarlik .
May 3
Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
Troops withdraw from Anzac Cove .
Politics
Italy revokes its commitment to a defensive alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary.
May 6–8
Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
Second Battle of Krithia . The Allied attempts at advancing are thwarted again.
May 7
Naval , Atlantic
The British liner Lusitania is sunk by a German U-boat.
May 8–13
Western
Battle of Frezenberg Ridge , Part of the Second Battle of Ypres.
May 9
Western
Beginning of the Second Battle of Artois , with the Battle of Aubers
May 10
Eastern
Troops from Hungary rout the Russians at Jarosław . Lviv is again in Austrian hands.
May 11
Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
Armistice called at Gallipoli to bury the dead. (Details )
May 12
African , South West Africa
Windhoek , capital of German South-West Africa, is occupied by South African troops.
May 15–25
Western
Battle of Festubert .
May 16 – June 23
Eastern
Battle of Konary .
May 23
Politics
Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary .[ 24] (Details )
May 24–25
Western
Battle of Bellewaarde , final phase of the Second Battle of Ypres.
May 31 – June 10
African , Kamerun
Second Battle of Garua .
June–September
Eastern
The Russian Great Retreat from Poland and Galicia.
June 4
Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
Third Battle of Krithia . Yet another Allied failure.
Eastern
The Russians leave Przemyśl . (Details )
June 21–23
African , East African
Battle of Bukoba .
June 22
Eastern
Mackensen again breaks through the Russian lines in the Lviv area. (Details )
June 23 – July 7
Italian
First Battle of the Isonzo .
June 27
Eastern
The Austro-Hungarians re-enter Lviv. (Details )
June 28 – July 5
Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
The British win the Battle of Gully Ravine .
June 29
African , Kamerun
Battle of Ngaundere
July 1
Air
First aerial victory by a synchronized gun-armed fighter aircraft (Details )
African , South West Africa
Battle of Otavi .
July 9
African , South West Africa
The German forces in South-West Africa surrender.
July 10–26
Middle Eastern , Caucasian
Battle of Manzikert .
July 18 – August 3
Italian
Second Battle of the Isonzo .
July 25
Italian
Italians capture Cappuccio Wood. (Details )
Air
First Victoria Cross awarded to a British combat pilot (Details )
July 27–31
Middle Eastern , Caucasian
Battle of Kara Killisse .
August 5
Eastern
The Germans occupy Warsaw . (Details )
August 6–10
Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
Battle of Lone Pine , part of the August Offensive.
August 6–13
Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
Battle of Krithia Vineyard , part of the August Offensive.
August 6–15
Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
Allies land at Suvla Bay , a phase of the August Offensive.
August 6–21
Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
Battle of Sari Bair , part of the August Offensive. Last and unsuccessful attempt by the British to seize the Gallipoli peninsula.
August 7
Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
Battle of the Nek , a phase of the August Offensive.
August 7–19
Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
Battle of Chunuk Bair , a phase of the August Offensive.
August 19
Naval , Atlantic
A German U-boat sinks the liner SS Arabic (1902) . 44 died including 3 Americans
August 21
Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
Scimitar Hill , a phase of the August Offensive.
Politics
Italy declares war on the Ottoman Empire.[ 24]
August 21–29
Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
Battle of Hill 60 , part of the August Offensive.
August 26 – September 19
Eastern
Sventiany Offensive , a phase of the Gorlice-Tarnow Offensive.
September 1
Naval , Atlantic
Germany suspends unrestricted submarine warfare. (Details )
September 5–8
Politics
The Zimmerwald Conference of anti-militarist European socialist parties is held in Zimmerwald , Switzerland .
September 5
Eastern
Nicholas II removes Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolayevich as Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, personally taking that position.
September 15 – November 4
Western
Third Battle of Artois .
September 19
Eastern
The Germans occupy Vilnius . The Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive ends.
September 25–28
Western
Battle of Loos , a major British offensive, fails.
September 25 – October 15
Western
Battle of the Hohenzollern Redoubt , a phase of the Battle of Loos.
September 25 – November 6
Western
Second Battle of Champagne .
September 28
Middle Eastern , Mesopotamian
Battle of Es Sinn .
October 3
Balkan , Macedonian
Allies land troops at Salonika in Greece to aid Serbia .
October 7 – December 4
Balkan , Serbian
Serbia is invaded by Germany , Austria-Hungary , and Bulgaria .
October 12
Politics
Edith Cavell executed.
October 14
Politics
Bulgaria declares war on Serbia[ 24] (Details )
October 14 – November 9
Balkan , Serbian
Morava Offensive , a phase of the Central Powers Invasion of Serbia, Bulgarians break through Serbian lines.
October 14 – November 15
Balkan , Serbian
Ovche Pole Offensive , a phase of the Central Powers invasion of Serbia, Bulgarians break through Serbian lines.
October 15
Politics
The United Kingdom declares war on Bulgaria.[ 24] [ 53]
Politics
Montenegro declares war on Bulgaria.[ 24]
October 16
Politics
France declares war on Bulgaria.[ 24]
October 17 – November 21
Balkan , Macedonian
Battle of Krivolak , first of the Salonika front .
October 18 – November 4
Italian
Third Battle of the Isonzo
October 19
Politics
Italy and Russia declare war on Bulgaria.[ 24]
October 27
Politics
Andrew Fisher resigns as Prime Minister of Australia ; he is replaced by Billy Hughes .
October 29
Politics
René Viviani resigns as Prime Minister of France ; he is replaced by Aristide Briand .
November 4–6
African , Kamerun
Battle of Banjo .
November 10
Middle Eastern , Persian
Pro-Central Powers Iranians seize Shiraz from pro-Entente forces and arrest all British citizens in the city.
November 10 – December 2
Italian
Fourth Battle of the Isonzo
November 10 – December 4
Balkan , Serbian
Kosovo Offensive , a phase of the Central Powers invasion of Serbia, Serbians pushed into Albania.
November 14–30
Middle Eastern , Persian
Russian forces from the Caucasus occupy Tehran .
November 17
African , North African
Armed by Ottomans and Germans, the Libyan Senussi cross the border and attack Egypt from the west. (Details )
November 22–25
Middle Eastern , Mesopotamian
Battle of Ctesiphon , in present-day Iraq .
November 27
Balkan , Serbian
The Serbian army collapses. It will retreat to the Adriatic Sea and be evacuated by the Italian and French Navies. (Details )
December – July, 1916
Naval , African , East African
Battle of Lake Tanganyika .
December 6–12
Balkan , Macedonian
Battle of Kosturino
December 7
Middle Eastern , Mesopotamian
The First Siege of Kut , Mesopotamia, by the Ottomans begins.
December 15
Middle Eastern , Persian
Russians occupy Hamadan .
December 18
Middle Eastern , Gallipoli
Gallipoli evacuations, a major Ottoman victory and a "disaster for the Allies."
December 19
Western
Douglas Haig replaces John French as commander of the British Expeditionary Force .
December 23
African , Kamerun
Carl Zimmermann orders the retreat of all German forces and civilians in Kamerun to the Spanish colony of Río Muni .
1916
Dates
Theater/Front/Campaign
Events
January 5–17
Balkan
Austro-Hungarian offensive against Montenegro , which capitulates. (Details )
January 6–7
Balkan
Battle of Mojkovac
January 6–8
Middle Eastern
Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad , a phase of the First Siege of Kut.
January 9
Gallipoli
The Gallipoli Campaign ends in an Allied defeat and an Ottoman victory. (Details )
January 10 – February 16
Caucasian
Battle of Erzurum .
January 11
Balkan
Corfu occupied by the Allies. (Details )
January 13
Middle Eastern
Battle of Wadi, a phase of the First Siege of Kut. (Details )
January 21
Middle Eastern
Battle of Hanna , a phase of the First Siege of Kut.
January 24
Naval
Reinhard Scheer is appointed commander of Germany's Hochseeflotte . (Details )
January 27
Politics
Conscription introduced in the United Kingdom by the Military Service Act 1916 . (Details )
February 5 – April 15
Caucasian
Trebizond Campaign .
February 12
African
Battle of Salaita Hill .
February 21
Western
The Battle of Verdun begins.
February 26
African
Battle of Agagia : Senussi rebellion suppressed by the British.
February 28
African
German Kamerun (Cameroon) surrenders. (Details )
March 1
Naval
Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare. (Details )
March 1–15
Italian
Fifth Battle of the Isonzo .
March 2 – August 4
Caucasian
Battle of Bitlis .
March 8
Middle Eastern
Battle of Dujaila : a British attempt to relieve Kut failed. (Details )
March 9
Politics
Germany declares war on Portugal .[ 24] Portugal officially enters the war. (Details )
March 11–12
African
Battle of Latema Nek .
March 14
Politics
The Manifesto of the Sixteen , declaring Kropotkinist -anarchist support of the Allied war effort, is published. (Details )
March 15
Politics
Austria-Hungary declares war on Portugal.[ 24]
March 16 – November 6
African
British preemptively invade the Sultanate of Darfur and annex it to the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan . (Details )
March 18
African
Battle of Kahe .
March 18 – April
Eastern
Lake Naroch Offensive .
April 24–29
Politics
Easter Rising by Irish rebels for independence from the United Kingdom . (Details )
April 24–30
Politics
The Kienthal Conference , the second meeting of the anti-war socialist Zimmerwald Movement , is held in Kienthal , Switzerland . (Details )
April 27–29
Western
Gas attacks at Hulluch .
April 29
Middle Eastern
The British forces under siege at Kut surrender to the Ottomans, first siege of Kut ends. (Details )
May 7–10
African
Battle of Kondoa Irangi .
May 10
Naval
Germany suspends unrestricted submarine warfare. (Details )
May 15 – June 10
Italian
Austro-Hungarian Strafexpedition in Trentino. (Details )
May 16
Politics
Signing of the Sykes-Picot Agreement between Britain and France defining their proposed spheres in the Middle East. (Details )
May 18
Middle Eastern
Russian forces in Persia link up with the British in Mesopotamia , but it is too late. (Details )
May 31 – June 1
Naval
Battle of Jutland between Britain's Grand Fleet and Germany's Hochseeflotte . (Details )
June 2–14
Western
Battle of Mont Sorrel .
June 3
Middle Eastern
Russians fail to encircle Ottoman forces in Persia. (Details )
June 4
Eastern
The Brusilov Offensive begins.
June 5
Middle Eastern
The Arab Revolt in Hejaz begins. (Details )
Naval
HMS Hampshire is sunk off the Orkney Islands ; Lord Kitchener dies. (Details )
June 8
Naval
In the Adriatic Sea the Italian troopship SS Principe Umberto is sunk by an Austro-Hungarian submarine. It is the deadliest sinking of the war, with 1,900 lives lost.
June 10
Politics
Italy : Paolo Boselli succeeds Antonio Salandra as Prime Minister . (Details )
Middle Eastern
The Siege of Medina begins.
June 10 – July 4
Middle Eastern
Battle of Mecca, Arabs capture the city. (Details )
June 12
Middle Eastern
Percy Sykes marches on Kerman to link up with the Russian forces in central-northern Persia.
June 30
Western
Battle of the Boar's Head , diversion from the Battle of the Somme which began the next day.
July
Middle Eastern
Battle of Taif. (Details )
July 1
Western
The Battle of the Somme begins. (Details )
July 1–3
Politics
The Social Democratic Party wins a majority in the parliament of the Russian-ruled Grand Duchy of Finland . (Details )
July 1–13
Western
Second Battle of Albert (Opening phase of the Battle of the Somme). (Details )
July 1–2
Western
British capture Fricourt during the Second Battle of Albert. (Details )
July 2
Middle Eastern
Ottoman counter-attack into Persia reaches Kermanshah . (Details )
July 2–25
Caucasian
Battle of Erzincan .
July 3–7
Western
British capture La Boisselle during the Second Battle of Albert. (Details )
July 3–12
Western
British capture Mametz Wood during the Second Battle of Albert. (Details )
July 3–17
Western
British capture Ovillers during the Second Battle of Albert and Battle of Bazentin Ridge. (Details )
July 4–6
Eastern
Battle of Kostiuchnowka .
July 7–11
Western
British capture Contalmaison during the Second Battle of Albert. (Details )
July 8–14
Western
British capture Trônes Wood during the Second Battle of Albert. (Details )
July 14–17
Western
Battle of Bazentin Ridge (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme) (Details )
July 14 – September 15
Western
Battles for Longueval and Delville Wood (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme) (Details )
July 19–20
Western
Battle of Fromelles (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme).
July 23 – August 7
Western
Battle of Pozières (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme) (Details )
July 24 – August 8
Eastern
Battle of Kowel .
July 30
German agents sabotage munition factories in Jersey City that supply the Allies, causing the Black Tom explosion .
August 3–5
Middle Eastern
Battle of Romani . Ottoman attack on the British in the Sinai peninsula fails. (Details )
August 6–17
Italian
Sixth Battle of the Isonzo . The Italians capture Gorizia (August 9). (Details )
August 6
Italian
Battle of Doberdo , part of the Sixth Battle of Isonzo.
August 9–18
Balkan
First battle of Doiran. (Details )
August 10
Middle Eastern
Ottomans take Hamadan. (Details )
August 24
African
Battle of Mlali .
August 27
Balkan
Romania enters the war on the Entente's side. Her army is defeated in a few weeks.
August 27 – December
Balkan
Conquest of Romania by Central Powers. (Details )
August 27 – November 26
Balkan
Battle of Transylvania , a phase of the conquest of Romania.
August 28
Politics
Italy declares war on Germany .[ 24]
August 29
Politics
Paul von Hindenburg replaces Erich von Falkenhayn as German Chief of Staff. (Details )
August 30
Politics
The Ottoman Empire declares war on Romania.[ 24]
September 1
Politics
Bulgaria declares war on Romania.[ 24]
September 2–6
Balkan
Battle of Turtucaia , a phase of the conquest of Romania.
September 3–6
Western
Battle of Guillemont (intermediate phase of the Battle of the Somme) (Details )
September 5–7
Balkan
Battle of Dobrich , a phase of the conquest of Romania.
September 6
Politics
The Central Powers create a unified command.
September 7–11
African
Battle of Kisaki .
September 8–19
African
Battle of Tabora .
September 9
Western
Battle of Ginchy (intermediate phase of the Battle of the Somme) (Details )
September 9–11
African
Battle of Dutumi .
September 12 – December 11
Balkan
Monastir Offensive , set up of the Salonika front .
September 12–14
Balkan
Battle of Malka Nidzhe , a phase of the Monastir Offensive .
September 12–30
Balkan
Battle of Kaymakchalan , a phase of the Monastir Offensive.
September 14–17
Italian
Seventh Battle of the Isonzo
September 15–22
Western
Battle of Flers-Courcelette ; the British use armoured tanks for the first time in history. (Details )
September 17–19
Balkan
First Battle of Cobadin , a phase of the conquest of Romania.
September 20
Eastern
The Brusilov Offensive ends with a substantial Russian success. (Details )
September 25–28
Western
Battle of Morval (part of the final stages of the Battle of the Somme) (Details )
September 26–28
Western
Battle of Thiepval Ridge (part of the final stages of the Battle of the Somme) (Details )
September 29 – October 5
Balkan
Flamanda Offensive , a phase of the conquest of Romania.
October–November
Balkan
First Battle of the Cerna Bend, a phase of the Monastir Offensive. (Details )
October 1 – November 5
Western
Battle of Le Transloy (last stage of the Battle of the Somme) (Details )
October 1 – November 11
Western
Battle of Ancre Heights (last stage of the Battle of the Somme).
October 9–12
Italian
Eighth Battle of the Isonzo .
October 14 – January 6, 1917
African
Battle of Kibata .
October 19–25
Balkan
Second Battle of Cobadin , a phase of the conquest of Romania.
October 24
Western
The French recapture Fort Douaumont near Verdun . (Details )
November 1–4
Italian
Ninth Battle of the Isonzo .
November 11
African
Battle of Matamondo .
November 13–18
Western
Battle of the Ancre (closing phase of the Battle of the Somme) (Details )
November 18
Western
The Battle of the Somme ends with enormous casualties and an Anglo-French advantage. (Details )
November 21
Naval
HMHS Britannic sinks after hitting a German mine, becoming the largest ship lost during WW1. (Details )
Politics
Francis Joseph I , Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, dies and is succeeded by Charles I. (Details )
November 25
Naval
David Beatty replaces John Jellicoe as commander of the Grand Fleet . Jellicoe becomes First Lord of the Sea. (Details )
November 25 – December 3
Balkan
Battle of Bucharest , a phase of the conquest of Romania.
November 28
Balkan
Prunaru Charge , a phase of the Battle of Bucharest, Romanian cavalry desperately charge into enemy lines.
December 1
Balkan
Battle of the Arges , a phase of the Battle of Bucharest.
December 1 – January 18, 1917
Middle Eastern
Allies capture Yanbu. (Details )
December 3–6
Politics
In a four-day crisis December 3–6, 1916, H. H. Asquith is unaware how fast he is losing support. David Lloyd George now has growing Unionist support, the backing of Labour and (thanks to Christopher Addison ) a majority of Liberal MPs. Asquith falls. (Details )
December 7–31
Politics
The new Prime Minister Lloyd George answers the loud demands for a much more decisive government. He energetically sets up a new small war cabinet, a cabinet secretariat under Maurice Hankey , a secretariat of private advisors in the 'Garden Suburb ' and moved towards prime ministerial control.[ 60] (Details )
December 6
Balkan
The Germans occupy Bucharest . The capital of Romania moved to Iaşi . (Details )
December 13
Western
Robert Nivelle replaces Joseph Joffre as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army. (Details )
December 17
African
Kaocen Revolt : The Tuareg besiege the French garrison at Agadez .
December 18
Western
Battle of Verdun ends with enormous casualties on both sides.
December 23
Middle Eastern
Battle of Magdhaba in the Sinai peninsula. (Details )
December 23–29
Eastern
Christmas Battles .
December 27
African
Togoland is divided into British and French administrative zones. (Details )
December 30
Politics
Grigori Rasputin , Russia's éminence grise , is assassinated. (Details )
1917
Dates
Theater/Front/Campaign
Events
January 3–4
African
Battle of Behobeho .
January 9
Middle Eastern
Battle of Rafa . The British drive the Ottomans out of Sinai. (Details )
January 11 – March 13
Western
British raid the Ancre. (Details )
January 16
Politics
The German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann sends a telegram to his ambassador in Mexico, instructing him to propose an alliance against the United States to the Mexican government. (Details )
February 1
Naval
Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare. (Details )
February 3
Naval
SS Housatonic an American steamer carrying wheat from Galveston, Texas to England is sunk by a U-boat.
February 13
Politics
Mata Hari is arrested in Paris on charges of spying for the Germans.
February 21
Western
Sinking of the SS Mendi-the SS Mendi was a troop ship carrying members of the South African Native Corps (SANLC).The SANLC was a group of black South Africans recruited as non-combatants. The ship was on its way to France where the SANLC members were going to the trenches on the Western Front. The Mendi stopped in England and was heading across the English Channel when it sank
February 23
Middle Eastern
Second Battle of Kut. The British recapture the city. (Details )
February 23 – April 5
Western
The Germans withdraw to the Hindenburg Line .
March 1
Politics
Arz von Straussenberg replaces Conrad von Hötzendorf as Austro-Hungarian Chief of Staff. (Details )
March 3
African
The French relieve Agadez.
March 8–11
Middle Eastern
The British capture Baghdad . (Details )
March 8
Politics
The celebrations of International Women's Day in Petrograd spawn severe protests that will evolve into the February Revolution .
March 12
Politics
Russian troops refuse to fire on demonstrators after 50 are killed in Petrograd's Znamenskaya Square the day before. Numerous attacks against prisons, courts, police stations and Okhrana offices. Provisional Committee of the Duma formed.Petrograd Soviet formed.
March 13
African
Battle of Nambanje .
March 13 – April 23
Middle Eastern
Samarra offensive , British capture much of Mesopotamia.
March 14
Politics
China severs relations with Germany.[ 24]
March 15
Politics
Nicholas II abdicates. A provisional government is formed.
March 16
Politics
Lenin arrives in Petrograd from his exile in Switzerland and publishes his April Thesis .
March 17
Politics
Aristide Briand resigns as Prime Minister of France ; he is replaced by Alexandre Ribot .
March 26
Middle Eastern
First Battle of Gaza . The British attempt to capture the city fails. (Details )
April–October
Middle Eastern
Stalemate in Southern Palestine .
April 2–3
Western
Australians attack Noreuil . (Details .)
April 6
Politics
The United States declares war on Germany. (Details )
April 7
Politics
Cuba declares war on Germany.[ 24]
Politics
Panama declares war on Germany.[ 24]
Asian and Pacific
Scuttling of SMS Cormoran in Guam , the only hostile action between American and German forces in the Pacific.
April 9 – May 17
Western
Second Battle of Arras . The British attack a heavily fortified German line without obtaining any strategic breakthrough. (Details )
April 9–12
Western
The Canadians obtain a significant victory in the Battle of Vimy Ridge, part of the first phase of the Second Battle of Arras. (Details )
April 9–14
Western
First Battle of the Scarpe, part of the first phase of the Second Battle of Arras. (Details )
April 10–11
Western
First Battle of Bullecourt, part of the first phase of the Second Battle of Arras. (Details )
April 11
Politics
Brazil severs relations with Germany.[ 24]
April 13
Politics
Bolivia severs relations with Germany.[ 24]
April 15
Western
Battle of Lagnicourt, part of the Second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. (Details )
April 16 – May 9
Western
The Second Battle of the Aisne (also known as Nivelle Offensive) ends in disaster for both the French army and its commander Robert Nivelle . (Details )
April 17–20
Western
Battle of the Hills (also known as Third battle of Champagne), a diversion to the Second Battle of the Aisne.
April 19
Middle Eastern
Second Battle of Gaza. The Ottoman lines resist a British attack. (Details )
April 22 – May 8
Balkan
Second Battle of Doiran. (Details )
April 23
Politics
The Ottoman Empire severs relations with the United States.[ 24]
April 23–24
Western
Second Battle of Scarpe, part of the second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. (Details )
April 28–29
Western
Battle of Arleux, part of the Second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. (Details )
April 29 – May 20
Western
Series of mutinies in the French army. (Details )
May 3–4
Western
Third battle of the Scarpe, part of the second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. (Details )
Politics
Mass demonstrations in Petrograd and Moscow to protest Pavel Milyukov 's note affirming Russia's commitment to the Entente war effort. (Details )
May 3–17
Western
Second Battle of Bullecourt, part of the second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. (Details )
May 5
Politics
Australian Prime Minister Billy Hughes wins an enlarged majority in federal elections with the pro-conscription Nationalist Party . (Details )
May 5–15
Balkan
Allied Spring offensive on the Salonika front.
May 5–9
Balkan
Second Battle of the Cerna Bend, a phase of the Allied Spring Offensive. (Details )
May 12 – June 6
Italian
Tenth Battle of the Isonzo. (Details )
May 15
Western
Philippe Pétain replaces Robert Nivelle as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army. (Details )
May 23
Italian
Battle of Mount Hermada in the Karst.
Politics
Salonika Trial ends: Dragutin Dimitrijevic , chief conspirator of the Sarajevo Assassination, is sentenced to death by Serbia on trumped up charges, as part of negotiations for a peace treaty with Austria-Hungary.
June–October
Western
Operation Hush , Abortive British plan to capture coast of Belgium.
June 7–14
Western
Second Battle of Messines, the British blow 19 deep mines and recapture Messines Ridge. (Details )
June 10–29
Italian
Battle of Mount Ortigara. (Details )
June 12
Politics
Constantine I of Greece abdicates.
June 13
Air
First successful heavy bomber raid on London done by the Gotha G.IV .
June 25
Western
First American troops land in France . (Details )
June 27
Western
Batterie Pommern aka. 'Lange Max', world's largest gun fires for the first time from Koekelare to Dunkirk (±50 km).
June 30
Politics
Greece declares war on the Central powers . (Details )
July 1–2
Eastern
Battle of Zborov , a phase of the Kerensky Offensive. (Details )
July 1–12
Politics
Brief monarchist coup and restoration in China, allegedly promoted by Germany to distance China from the Entente. (Details )
July 1–19
Eastern
The Kerensky Offensive fails. It is the last Russian initiative in the war. (Details )
July 6
Middle Eastern
Arab rebels led by Lawrence of Arabia seize the Jordanian port of Aqaba . (Details )
July 11
Western
The Open Letter to Albert I is published by Flemish Movement sympathisers within the Belgian Army on the Yser Front , complaining about official discrimination against Dutch language (Details )
July 16–17
Politics
Petrograd July Days .
July 19
Politics
The Reichstag passes a Peace Resolution.
July 20
Politics
Corfu Declaration about the future Kingdom of Yugoslavia .[ 72] (Details )
July 21
Politics
Alexander Kerensky replaces Georgy Lvov as Minister-President of the Russian Provisional Government .
July 22
Politics
Siam declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary.[ 24]
July 22 – August 1
Balkan
Battle of Mărăști
July 29
African
Battle of Kiawe Bridge.
July 31
Western
The Third Battle of Ypres (also known as Battle of Passchendaele) begins. (Details )
July 31 – August 2
Western
Battle of Pilckem Ridge (Opening phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).
August 2
Asian and Pacific
The German raider SMS Seeadler is wrecked at Mopelia in French Polynesia .
August 2–10
African
Battle of Rumbo .
August 4
Politics
Liberia declares war on Germany.
August 6–20
Balkan
Battle of Mărăşeşti. (Details )
August 8–22
Balkan
Third Battle of Oituz .
August 14
Politics
China declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary.[ 73] [ 24]
August 15–25
Western
Battle of Hill 70 (Continuation of British operations near Lens).
August 16–18
Western
Second Battle of Langemarck (Initial phase of the Third Battle of Ypres). (Details )
August 17
Asian and Pacific
China terminates the German and Austro-Hungarian concessions in Tianjin and occupies them.
August 18–28
Italian
Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo. (Details )
August 20–26
Western
Second Offensive Battle of Verdun .
September – October
Eastern
Operation Albion . German capture of Oesel , Dago and Moon Islands.
September 1–3
Eastern
Battle of Jugla .
September 5
Asian and Pacific
The SMS Seeadler' s crew sail to Fiji in a lifeboat and capture the French schooner Lutece , allowing their escape. They rename it Fortuna.
September 5–12
Politics
The Third Zimmerwald Conference of the anti-war socialist Zimmerwald Movement , is held in Stockholm . (Details )
September 8–12
Politics
Russia: General Kornilov's coup attempt fails. (Details )
September 12
Politics
Alexandre Ribot resigns as Prime Minister of France ; he is replaced by Paul Painlevé .
September 14
Politics
Russia declared a republic.
September 20–26
Western
Battle of the Menin Road Ridge (Second phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).
September 21
Politics
Costa Rica severs relations with Germany.[ 24]
September 26–27
Western
Battle of Polygon Wood (Second phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).
September 28–29
Middle Eastern
Battle of Ramadi, Mesopotamia. (Details )
October 4
Western
Battle of Broodseinde (Second phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).
October 5
Asian and Pacific
The Fortuna wrecks at Easter Island and its crew is interned by the Chileans.
October 6
Politics
Peru severs relations with Germany.[ 24]
October 7
Politics
Uruguay severs relations with Germany.[ 24]
October 9
Western
Battle of Poelcappelle (Last phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).
October 12
Western
First Battle of Passchendaele (Last phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).
October 15
Politics
Mata Hari executed.
October 15–18
African
Battle of Mahiwa .
October 23
Middle Eastern
Battle of Wadi Musa .
October 23 – November 10
Western
Battle of La Malmaison, much-postponed French attack on the Chemin des Dames . (Details )
October 24 – November 4
Italian
Battle of Caporetto. The Austro-Hungarians and Germans break through the Italian lines. The Italian army is defeated and falls back on the Piave River. (Details )
October 26
Politics
Brazil declares war on Germany.[ 24]
October 26 – November 10
Western
Second Battle of Passchendaele (Last phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).
October 27
Middle Eastern
Battle of Buqqar Ridge .
October 30
Politics
Italy: Vittorio Emanuele Orlando succeeds Paolo Boselli as Prime Minister. (Details )
October 31 – November 7
Middle Eastern
Third Battle of Gaza. The British break through the Ottoman lines. (Details )
October 31
Middle Eastern
Battle of Beersheba (opening phase of the Third Battle of Gaza). (Details )
November 1–6
Middle Eastern
Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe .
November 2
Politics
Balfour Declaration : the British government supports plans for a Jewish "national home" in Palestine. (Details )
November 5
Politics
The Allies agree to establish a Supreme War Council at Versailles .
November 7
Politics
October Revolution : Kerensky flees Petrograd just before the Petrograd Soviet seizes the Winter Palace .
Middle Eastern
Charge at Sheria .
November 8
Italian
Armando Diaz replaces Luigi Cadorna as Commander-in-Chief of the Italian Army. (Details )
Middle Eastern
Charge at Huj .
November 9 – December 28
Italian
First Battle of the Piave: the Austro-Hungarians and Germans try unsuccessfully to cross the river. (Details )
November 10
Western
The Third Battle of Ypres (also known as Battle of Passchendaele) ends. (Details )
November 11 – December 23
Italian
First Battle of Monte Grappa , Austro-Hungarian offensive halted.
November 13
Politics
France: Paul Painlevé is replaced by Georges Clemenceau as Prime Minister. (Details )
Middle Eastern
Battle of Mughar Ridge .
November 14
Middle Eastern
Battle of Ayun Kara .
November 17
Naval
Second Battle of Heligoland Bight , North Sea. (Details )
November 17 – December 30
Middle Eastern
Battle of Jerusalem. The British enter the city (December 11). (Details )
November 18–24
Middle Eastern
Battle of Nebi Samwil , a phase of the Battle of Jerusalem.
November 19
Italian
Battle of Caporetto ends. Central Powers take a quarter of a million prisoners. (Details )
November 20 – December 3
Western
First Battle of Cambrai. A British attack and the biggest German attack against the British since 1915 succeed and the battle is a stalemate. (Details )
November 25
African
Battle of Ngomano , the Germans invade Portuguese East Africa to gain supplies.
December 1
Middle Eastern
Battle of El Burj , a phase of the Battle of Jerusalem.
December 6
Naval
Halifax Explosion : An accidental collision between the Norwegian supply ship SS Imo and the French cargo ship SS Mont-Blanc , laden with high explosives for the Western Front, leaves 2,000 dead and 9,000 injured in Richmond, Nova Scotia . It is the largest man-made explosion before the invention of atomic weapons .
December 6
Politics
Finland declares independence from Russia .
December 7
Politics
The United States declares war on Austria-Hungary.[ 24]
December 8
Politics
Ecuador severs relations with Germany.[ 24]
December 9
Politics
Romania signs an armistice with the Central Powers .
December 10
Politics
Panama declares war on Austria-Hungary.[ 24]
December 11
Middle Eastern
General Allenby leads British and Indian troops into Jerusalem , ending 400 years of Ottoman rule.
December 15
Politics
Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers , to take effect on December 17.
December 16
Politics
Armistice of Erzincan between the Ottomans and the Russian Special Transcaucasian Committee .
December 17
Politics
Canadian Prime Minister Robert Borden wins an enlarged majority in federal elections with the pro-conscription Unionist Party . (Details )
December 20–21
Middle Eastern
Battle of Jaffa, a phase of the Battle of Jerusalem. (Details )
1918
Dates
Theater/Front/Campaign
Events
January 8
Politics
Woodrow Wilson outlines his Fourteen Points. (Details )
February to September
Middle Eastern
Allied forces occupy the Jordan Rift Valley . (Details )
February 9
Politics
The Central Powers sign an exclusive protectorate treaty with the Ukrainian People's Republic as part of the negotiations in Brest-Litovsk . (Details )
February 15–16
Eastern
Battle of Rarancza .
February 18 – March 3
Eastern
Operation Faustschlag , last offensive on Eastern Front.
February 19
Middle Eastern
British begin their assault on Jericho. (Details )
February 21
Middle Eastern
The British capture Jericho . (Details )
Eastern
Germans capture Minsk. (Details )
February 24
Eastern
Germans capture Zhytomyr. (Details )
February 25
Eastern
German troops capture Tallinn . (Details )
February 28
Eastern
Germans capture Pskov and Narva. (Details )
March 2
Eastern
Germans capture Kiev. (Details )
March 3
Politics
At Brest-Litovsk, Leon Trotsky signs the peace treaty with Germany. (Details )
March 4
First known case of what will later be called Spanish flu : Private Albert Gitchell at Camp Funston, Fort Riley , Kansas .
March 7
Western
German artillery bombard the Americans at Rouge Bouquet . (Details )
March 8–12
Middle Eastern
Battle of Tell 'Asur .
March 8–13
Eastern
Battle of Bakhmach .
March 11
Over 100 sick from Spanish flu in Fort Riley; first known case outside in Queens , New York .
March 21 – April 5
Western
First phase of the German spring offensive , Operation Michael (also known as Second Battle of the Somme). The Germans obtain a Pyrrhic victory. (Details )
March 21–23
Western
The Battle of St. Quentin, first phase of Operation Michael and the Spring Offensive. (Details )
March 21 – April 2
Middle Eastern
First Transjordan attack on Amman .
March 23 – August 7
Western
Artillery bombardment of Paris . (Details )
March 24–25
Western
First Battle of Bapaume , a phase of Operation Michael. (Details )
March 25
Western
First Battle of Noyon , a phase of Operation Michael. (Details )
March 25
Politics
Penza Agreement: The Czechoslovak Legion is given free passage to Vladivostok to join the Entente in return for surrendering most weapons to the Bolsheviks.
March 26
Politics
French Marshal Ferdinand Foch is appointed Supreme Commander of all Allied forces. (Details )
March 26–27
Western
Battle of Rosieres, a phase of Operation Michael. (Details )
Middle Eastern
Action of Khan Baghdadi .
March 27–31
Middle Eastern
First Battle of Amman , a phase Of The First Transjordan Attack.
March 28
Western
Third Battle of Arras (also known as First Battle of Arras (1918)), a phase of Operation Michael. (Details )
March 30 – April 5
Western
First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux , a phase of Operation Michael.
March 30
Western
Battle of Moreuil Wood .
April 1
Air
Royal Air Force founded by combining the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service .
April 4–5
Western
Battle of the Avre , final phase of Operation Michael.
April 7–29
Western
Second phase of the Spring Offensive, Operation Georgette (also known as Battle of the Lys). The results are disappointing for the Germans. (Details )
April 7–9
Western
Battle of Estaires, first phase of Operation Georgette. (Details )
April 10–11
Western
Third Battle of Messines, a phase of Operation Georgette. (Details )
April 12–13
Western
Battle of Hazebrouck, a phase of Operation Georgette. (Details )
April 13–15
Western
Battle of Bailleul, a phase of Operation Georgette. (Details )
April 14
Politics
Ottokar Czernin resigns as Austria-Hungary's Foreign Minister over the Sixtus Affair .
April 17–19
Western
First Battle of Kemmelberg, a phase of Operation Georgette. (Details )
April 18
Western
Battle of Bethune, a phase of Operation Georgette. (Details )
April 21
Air
The Red Baron is shot down over Vaux-sur-Somme .
April 23
Politics
Guatemala declares war on Germany.[ 24]
April 24–27
Western
Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux , a phase of Operation Georgette.
April 25–26
Western
Second Battle of Kemmelberg, a phase of Operation Georgette. (Details )
April 28
Politics
Gavrilo Princip dies in Terezín prison, from tuberculosis .
April 29
Western
Battle of Scherpenberg, final phase of Operation Georgette. (Details )
April 30 – May 4
Middle Eastern
Second Transjordan attack on Shunet Nimrin and Es Salt .
May 7
Politics
Treaty of Bucharest between Romania and the Central Powers. It will never be ratified. (Details )
May 8
Politics
Nicaragua declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary.[ 24]
May 10–11
Eastern
Battle of Kaniow .
May 14
Politics
Clash at Chelyabinsk station between Hungarian POWs heading west to be repatriated and Czechoslovaks going east. Trotsky orders the arrest of the Czechoslovak Legion, but they revolt and seize several towns along the Trans-Siberian Railway . (Details )
May 21
Caucasian
Ottomans invade Armenia . (Details )
May 21–29
Caucasian
Battle of Sardarabad , a phase of the invasion of Armenia.
Caucasian
Battle of Abaran , a phase of the invasion of Armenia.
May 23
Politics
Costa Rica declares war on Germany.[ 24]
May 24–28
Caucasian
Battle of Karakilisa , a phase of the invasion of Armenia.
May 27 – June 6
Western
Third Battle of the Aisne (also known as Operation Blücher-Yorck, third phase of the Spring Offensive). After initial gains, the German advance is halted. (Details )
May 28
Western
Battle of Cantigny .
May 29–31
Balkan
Battle of Skra-di-Legen
June 1–26
Western
Battle of Belleau Wood , part of the German spring offensive .
June 8
Middle Eastern
Action of Arsuf .
Caucasian
Ottomans re-enter Tabriz. (Details )
June 8
Politics
The Czechoslovak Legion forms the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly in Samara . Stanislav Čeček calls to join forces with anti-Bolshevik Russians to overthrow the Communist government and reignite the Eastern Front. (Details )
June 8 – October
Caucasian
Germany interferes in the Caucasus. (Details )
June 9–12
Western
Fourth phase of the Spring Offensive, Operation Gneisenau (also known as Battle of Matz). Despite substantial territorial gains, the Germans do not achieve their strategic goals (Details )
June 13
Politics
Provisional Siberian Government formed in Omsk .
June 15–23
Italian
Second Battle of the Piave: the Austro-Hungarian offensive is repelled. (Details )
June 15–31
Caucasian
Ottomans occupy Dilman, Khoy and Urmia. (Details .)
June 23
Eastern
British and French troops land at Murmansk in Northern Russia . It's the beginning of Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War on the White Army 's side. (Details .)
July 4
Western
Battle of Hamel .
July 12
Politics
Haiti declares war on Germany.[ 24]
July 14
Middle Eastern
Battle of Abu Tellul .
July 15 – August 6
Western
Second Battle of the Marne and last German offensive on the Western Front, which fails when the Germans are counterattacked by the French. (Details )
July 15–17
Western
Champagne-Marne Offensive (consisting of the Fourth Battle of Champagne and the Battle of the Mountain of Reims ), a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne. last phase of the Spring Offensive and last German offensive of World War I. (Details )
July 17
Politics
Nicholas II and his family are executed by the Bolsheviks, out of fear that they might be released by Czechoslovak and White troops. (Details )
July 18
Western
Battle of Chateau-Thierry, a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne. (Details )
Western
End of the Second Battle of Artois
July 18–22
Western
Battle of Soissons, a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne. (Details )
July 19
Western
Battle of Tardenois , a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne.
Politics
Honduras declares war on Germany.[ 24]
August
Spanish flu virus mutates: Simultaneous deadlier outbreaks in Brest , Freetown and Boston .
August 5
Eastern
The Czechoslovak People's Army of Komuch takes Kazan from the Bolsheviks and captures the Imperial Russian gold reserve . (Details )
August 8 – November 11
Western
Hundred Days Offensive , last offensive on Western Front .
August 8–12
Western
Battle of Amiens, first phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. (Details )
August 9–12
Western
Battle of Montdidier .
August 13 – September 3
Italian
Battle of San Matteo .
August 17–29
Western
Second Battle of Noyon, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. (Details )
August 21–22
Western
Third Battle of Albert, opening phase of the Second Battle of the Somme. (Details )
August 21 – September 3
Western
Second Battle of the Somme (also known as Third battle of the Somme), a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive . (Details )
August 21 – September 3
Western
Second Battle of Bapaume , a phase of the Second Battle of the Somme.
August 26 – September 3
Western
Fourth Battle of Arras (also known as Second Battle of Arras (1918)), a phase of the Second Battle of the Somme (Details )
August 26–30
Western
Fourth Battle of the Scarpe (also known as Battle of the Scarpe (1918)), a phase of the Fourth Battle of Arras. (Details )
August 26 – September 14
Caucasian
Battle of Baku , last Turkish offensive of the war.
August 30–31
African
Battle of Lioma .
August 31 – September 3
Western
Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin , a phase of the Second Battle of the Somme.
September 1–2
Western
Battle of Peronne, a phase of the Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin. (Details )
September 2–3
Western
Battle of Drocourt-Queant Line, final phase of the Second Battle of the Somme. (Details )
September 8–23
Politics
Ufa Conference: Formation of the Provisional All-Russian Government with the support of the Czechoslovak Legion.
September 10
Western
Battle of Savy-Dallon, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. (Details )
September 12
Western
Battle of Havrincourt , a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. (Details )
September 12–15
Western
Battle of Saint-Mihiel , a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.
September 14
Western
Battle of Vauxaillon, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. (Details )
September 14–29
Balkan
Vardar Offensive , final offensive on the Balkan Front .
September 15
Balkan
The Allies (French and Serbs) break through the Bulgarian lines at Dobro Polje, a phase of the Vardar Offensive. (Details )
September 18
Western
Battle of Epehy , a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.
September 18–19
Balkan
Third Battle of Doiran, a phase of the Vardar Offensive, The Bulgarians halt the British and Greek advance. (Details )
September 18 – October 17
Western
Battle of the Hindenburg Line, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. The Allies break through the German lines. (Details )
September 19–25
Middle Eastern
Battle of Megiddo . The British conquer Palestine. (Details )
Middle Eastern
Battle of Nablus , a phase of the Battle of Meggido. (Details )
Middle Eastern
Third Transjordan attack , a phase of the Battle of Nablus.
Middle Eastern
Battle of Sharon , a phase of the Battle of Megiddo.
September 19
Middle Eastern
Battle of Tulkarm , a phase of the Battle of Sharon.
Middle Eastern
Battle of Arara , a phase of the Battle of Sharon.
September 19–20
Middle Eastern
Battle of Tabsor , a phase of the Battle of Sharon.
September 20
Middle Eastern
Capture of Jenin , a phase of the Battle of Sharon.
Middle Eastern
British capture both Afulah and Beisan during the Battle of Sharon. (Details )
September 20–21
Middle Eastern
Battle of Nazareth , a phase of the Battle of Sharon.
September 22
Middle Eastern
The British capture Jisr ed Damieh in the Battle of Sharon. (Details )
September 23
Middle Eastern
Battle of Haifa , a phase of the Battle of Sharon. (Details )
September 25
Middle Eastern
Battle of Samakh , a phase of the Battle of Sharon.
Middle Eastern
The British capture Tiberias during the Battle of Sharon. (Details )
Middle Eastern
Second Battle of Amman , a phase of the Third Transjordan Attack.
September 26 – November 11
Western
Meuse-Argonne Offensive , the final phase of the Hundred Days Offensive and of World War I. (Details )
September 26 – October 1
Middle Eastern
The British enter Damascus . (Details )
September 26
Western
Battle of Somme-Py (Initial phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive). (Details )
Middle Eastern
Charge at Irbid , a phase of the Capture of Damascus.
September 26–27
Middle Eastern
British capture Deraa during the Capture of Damascus. (Details )
September 27
Middle Eastern
Battle of Jisr Benat Yakub , a phase of the Capture of Damascus.
September 27 – October 1
Western
Battle of the Canal du Nord , a phase of the Battle of the Hindenburg Line.
September 28 – October 2
Western
Fifth Battle of Ypres (also known as Advance on Flanders), a phase of the Battle of the Hindenburg Line.
September 29 – October 10
Western
Battle of St. Quentin Canal , a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.
September 30
Politics
Bulgaria signs an armistice with the Allies.
Western
Battle of Saint-Thierry (Initial phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive). (Details )
Middle Eastern
Charge at Kaukab , a phase of the Capture of Damascus.
Middle Eastern
Charge at Kiswe , a phase of the Capture of Damascus.
October 3
Politics
Tsar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria abdicates and Boris III accedes to the throne.
October 3–27
Middle Eastern
Pursuit to Haritan .
Western
Battle of Blanc Mont Ridge .
October 4
Politics
Germany requests an Armistice to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson . He demands German withdrawal from all occupied territory, and the Kaiser 's abdication.
October 8–10
Western
Second Battle of Cambrai (also known as Battle of Cambrai (1918)), a phase of the Battle of the Hindenburg Line. (Details )
October 14–17
Western
Battle of Montfaucon (intermediate phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive). (Details )
October 14–19
Western
Battle of Courtrai , closing phase of the Hundred Days offensive. (Details )
October 15
Western
Battle of Mont-D'Origny, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. (Details )
October 17–26
Western
Battle of the Selle , closing phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.
October 20
Naval
Germany suspends submarine warfare. (Details )
Western
Battle of Lys and Escaut (Which included the Second Battle of Lys and the Battle of the Escaut ), a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. (Details )
Western
Battle of Serre, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. (Details )
October 23–30
Middle Eastern
Battle of Sharqat .
October 24 – November 4
Italian
Battle of Vittorio Veneto . The Austro-Hungarian army is routed. The Italians enter Trent and land at Triest . (Details )
October 24–28
Italian
Second Battle of Monte Grappa , beginning phase of Vittorio Veneto.
October 25
Middle Eastern
Battle of Aleppo. (Details )
October 29
Politics
Wilhelm Groener replaces Erich Ludendorff as Hindenburg's deputy. (Details )
Naval
Germany's Hochseeflotte mutinies. (Details )
Politics
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs proclaimed. (Details )
October 30
Politics
The Ottoman Empire signs the Armistice of Mudros. (Details )
November
First Spanish flu cases in Spain, where reports on the disease are published freely due to the lack of wartime censorship.
November 1
Western
Battle of Chesne (Closing phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive). (Details )
November 1–2
Western
Battle of Valenciennes, closing phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. (Details )
November 3
Politics
Austria-Hungary signs the armistice with Italy, effective November 4.
November 4
Western
Battle of the Sambre, closing phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. (Details )
Western
Second Battle of Guise, a phase of the Battle of Sambre. (Details )
Western
Battle of Thierache, a phase of the Battle of Sambre. (Details )
November 6–11
Western
Advance to the Meuse .
November 9
Politics
Germany: Kaiser William II abdicates; republic proclaimed . (Details )
November 10
Politics
Austria-Hungary: Kaiser Charles I abdicates. (Details )
Balkan
Romania renews the war against the Central Powers.[ 24]
November 11
Politics
At 6 am, Germany signs the Armistice of Compiègne. End of fighting at 11 a.m. . (Details )
Politics
Poland proclaimed.
November 12
Politics
Austria proclaimed a republic.
November 14
Politics
Czechoslovakia proclaimed a republic. (Details )
Naval
German U-boats interned.
African
Three days after the armistice, fighting ends in the East African theatre when General von Lettow-Vorbeck agrees a cease-fire on hearing of Germany's surrender. (Details )
November 18
Politics
Alexander Kolchak seizes control of the Provisional All-Russian Government in a coup.
November 21
Naval
Germany's Hochseeflotte surrendered to the United Kingdom. (Details )
November 22
Western
The Germans evacuate Luxembourg .
November 25
African
11 days after agreeing a cease-fire, General von Lettow-Vorbeck formally surrenders his undefeated army at Abercorn in present-day Zambia. (Details )
November 27
Western
The Germans evacuate Belgium .
December 1
Politics
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes proclaimed. (Details )
1919
1920
Post-1920
See also
References
^ "Kriegserklärung [Declaration of War], Wiener Zeitung [Vienna Newspaper], July 28, 1914, Extraausgabe [Special Edition], Amtlicher Teil [Official Section], 19" (PDF) . Library of Congress . Archived (PDF) from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2017 .
^ a b "Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany and Czar Nicholas of Russia exchange telegrams - Jul 29, 1914 - HISTORY.com" . Archived from the original on 2022-04-28. Retrieved 2016-10-01 .
^ a b "CONTENTdm" . dmr.bsu.edu . Archived from the original on 2019-12-28. Retrieved 2024-02-01 .
^ a b "Historical Events on August 1" . OnThisDay.com . Archived from the original on 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2018-01-03 .
^ "Telegramm des Reichskanzlers an den Kaiserlichen Botschafter in Petersburg von 1. August 12:52 p.m. Dringend [ Telegram from the Imperial Chancellor to the Imperial Ambassador in Petersburg, August 1, 12:52 p.m. Urgent], in Auswärtiges Amt [Foreign Office], Das Deutsche Weissbuch, über den Ausbruch des Deutsch-Russisch-Französischen Krieges, Nach dem dem Reichstag Vorgelegten Material [The German White Book, on the Outbreak of the German-Russian-French War, According to the Documents Provided to the Reichstag] (Neumünster/Leipzig: Nordische Velagsanstalt, R. Hieronymus, 1914), 46, Anlage [Annex] 26" (PDF) . Library of Congress . Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-14. Retrieved 2017-05-09 .
^ "The Italian Declaration of Neutrality - World War I Document Archive" . wwi.lib.byu.edu . Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2018 .
^ The Treaty of Alliance Between Germany and Turkey Archived 2011-08-11 at the Wayback Machine 2 August 1914, Yale University
^ "Occupation of Luxembourg - International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)" . 1914-1918-online.net . Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2018 .
^ Jordan, Daniel (16 March 1916). "First to Fall For France" (PDF) . The New York Times . Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021 .
^ "Der Reichskanzler an den Botschafter in Paris [The Imperial Chancellor to the Ambassador in Paris], August 3, 1914, in Auswärtiges Amt [Foreign Office], Die Deutschen Dokumente zum Kriegsausbruch [German Documents Relating to the Outbreak of the War], Band [vol.] III, Vom Bekanntwerden der Russischen Allgemeinen Mobilmachung bis Zur Kriegserklärung an Frankreich [From the Publication of the Russian Mobilization to the Declaration of War Against France], (Charlottenburg: Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft für Politik und Geschichte, 1919), 185, No. 734" (PDF) . Library of Congress . Archived (PDF) from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved May 9, 2017 .
^ "Note remise par M. [Julien] Davignon, Ministre des Affaires étrangères, à M. de Below Saleske, Ministre d'Allemagne, Bruxelles, le 3 août 1914 (7 heures du matin) [Note Given by M. [Julien] Davignon, Minister of Foreign Affairs, to M. de Below Saleske, Minister of Germany, Brussels, August 3, 1914, 7 in the morning], in Documents Diplomatiques 1914: La Guerre Européenne (Paris: Ministère des Affaires Étrangères, 1914), 202" (PDF) . Library of Congress . Archived (PDF) from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2017 .
^ "August 1914: the outbreak of war" . Switzerland and the First World War . Archived from the original on 2021-06-15. Retrieved 2015-12-22 .
^ F.A. Kuenzli, Right and Duty, or Citizen and Soldier: Switzerland Prepared and at Peace, A Model for the United States (New York: National Defense Institute, 1916), 94.
^ "Invasion of Belgium" . Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2013-11-18. Retrieved 2013-11-13 .
^ "Daily Mirror Headlines: The Declaration of War, Published 4 August 1914" . bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 14 October 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2010 .
^ "World War I: Australia Fired the First Shots" . The Maritime Executive . Archived from the original on 2022-12-04. Retrieved 2022-12-04 .
^ "Historians attempt to find WWI's first shot deep in Australian waters" . ABC News . ABC. 11 November 2013. Archived from the original on 28 April 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2014 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap Duffy, Michael (2009-08-22). "Who Declared War and When" . Firstworldwar.com . Archived from the original on 2016-02-01. Retrieved 2015-12-23 .
^ "Así se vivió la grerra en España" . elmundo.es . Retrieved 28 March 2018 .[permanent dead link ]
^ Pereira Castañares, Juan Carlos (2015). "España Y La Primera Guerra Mundial: Una Neutralidad Impotente" [Spain and the First World War: A Powerless Neutrality] (PDF) . In Gamarra Chopo, Yolanda; Fernández Liesa, Carlos R.; Bermejo, Romualdo (eds.). Los orígenes del derecho internacional contemporáneo: estudios conmemorativos del Centenario de la Primera Guerra Mundial . Actas (in Spanish). Zaragoza: Institución "Fernando el Católico", Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-84-9911-368-5 . Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2022 .
^ "Declaration of War Against Austria-Hungary, Aug. 12, 1914, The war against Austria-Hungary was declared on August 12, 1914, and the Declaration was published in the London Gazette on the following day. Foreign Office, Notice of State of War Between Great Britain and Austria-Hungary, August 12, 1914, Supplement to the London Gazette no. 28868 (August 13, 1914): 6375" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on April 28, 2022. Retrieved May 9, 2017 .
^ "Петроград — Энциклопедия "Вокруг света" " . www.vokrugsveta.ru . Archived from the original on 2021-03-01. Retrieved 2017-11-13 .
^ "Foreign Office, Notice of State of War Between Great Britain and Turkey, November 5, 1914, London Gazette no. 28965 (November 6, 1914): 9011" . Archived from the original on April 28, 2022. Retrieved May 9, 2017 .
^ "Rusya Fransa ve İngiltere devletleriyle hal-i harb ilanı hakkında irade-i seniyye [Imperial Decree Concerning the Declaration of a State of War with the States of Russia, France, and the United Kingdom], Nov. 11, 1914 (29 Teşrin-i Evvel 1330), Takvim-i Vekayi, Nov. 12, 1914 (30 Teşrin-i Evvel 1330)" (PDF) . Library of Congress . Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-11-07. Retrieved 2017-05-09 .
^ "Mitt Hjärtas Malmö" . 2016-03-04. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2024-02-01 .
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^ Kenneth O. Morgan, "7 December 1916: Asquith, Lloyd George and the Crisis of Liberalism." Parliamentary History (2017) 36#3 pp 361-371.
^ Tucker 2005 , p. 1286
^ "China declares war on Germany" . Archived from the original on 2022-02-03. Retrieved 2018-12-12 .
Sources
Albertini, Luigi (1953). Origins of the War of 1914 . Oxford: Oxford University Press . OCLC 168712 .
Boemeke, Manfred Franz (1998). The Treaty of Versailles: A Reassessment After 75 years . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-62132-1 .
Creveld, Martin van (1977). Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein to Patton . Cambridge University Press . ISBN 0-521-29793-1 .
Evans, David (2004). The First World War . Teach yourself. London: Hodder Arnold. ISBN 0-340-88489-4 . OCLC 224332259 .
Farwell, Byron (1989). The Great War in Africa, 1914–1918 . W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-30564-7 .
Gottschall, Terrell D. (2003). By order of the Kaiser: Otto von Diederichs and the rise of the Imperial German Navy, 1865–1902 . Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-309-5 .
Halpern, Paul G. (1995). A Naval History of World War I . Routledge. ISBN 1-85728-498-4 .
Keegan, John (1998). The First World War . London: Hutchinson. ISBN 9780091801786 .
Lowe, John (1994). The Great Powers, Imperialism, and the German Problem, 1865–1925 . Routledge . ISBN 0-415-10444-0 .
Neiberg, Michael S. (2005). Fighting the Great War: A Global History . Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01696-3 . OCLC 56592292 .
Odgers, George (1994). 100 Years of Australians at War . Lansdowne. ISBN 1-86302-669-X .
Willmott, H.P. (2003). World War I . New York: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 0-7894-9627-5 . OCLC 52541937 .
Tucker, Spencer (2005). World War I: encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO . ISBN 1-85109-420-2 .
Further reading
External links
Theatres
Principal participants
Timeline
Pre-War conflicts Prelude 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 Co-belligerent conflicts Post-War conflicts
Aspects