Thermionic emission is the liberation of charged particles from a hot electrode whose thermal energy gives some particles enough kinetic energy to escape...

A vacuum tube, electron tube, thermionic valve (British usage), or tube (North America) is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum...

materials such as gallium arsenide and germanium are also used. The obsolete thermionic diode is a vacuum tube with two electrodes, a heated cathode and a plate...

the reactor is ~ 1,061 kg (2,339 lb). A thermionic converter consists of a hot electrode which thermionically emits electrons over a potential energy...

The Schottky effect or field enhanced thermionic emission is a phenomenon in condensed matter physics named after Walter H. Schottky. In electron emission...

generating a detector response. Nitrogen–phosphorus detector (NPD), a form of thermionic detector where nitrogen and phosphorus alter the work function on a specially...

tubes, a hot cathode or thermionic cathode is a cathode electrode which is heated to make it emit electrons due to thermionic emission. This is in contrast...

graduate student, later described in his doctoral dissertation (1937) as a thermionic trigger. It was a direct result of Schmitt's study of the neural impulse...

in the vacuum are excluded in defining the work function. Thermionic emission In thermionic electron guns, the work function and temperature of the hot...

electrostatic thermionic electron gun is formed from several parts: a hot cathode, which is heated to create a stream of electrons via thermionic emission;...

electrical engineer who played a major early role in developing the theory of thermionic emission, invented the screen-grid vacuum tube in 1915, co-invented the...

containing hydrogen and highly enriched fuel and produces electricity using a thermionic converter. In initial discussions, it was unclear that TOPAZ and the somewhat...

The Fleming valve, also called the Fleming oscillation valve, is a thermionic valve or vacuum tube invented in 1904 by English physicist John Ambrose Fleming...

The nitrogen–phosphorus detector (NPD) is also known as thermionic specific detector (TSD) is a detector commonly used with gas chromatography, in which...

discharge is initiated either by thermionic emission or by field emission. After initiation, the arc relies on thermionic emission of electrons from the...

A fermionic condensate (or Fermi–Dirac condensate) is a superfluid phase formed by fermionic particles at low temperatures. It is closely related to the...

Plutonium 238 radioisotope as its fuel. A thermionic converter (TEC) consists of a hot electrode, which thermionically emits electrons over a space-charge barrier...

This is a list of vacuum tubes or thermionic valves, and low-pressure gas-filled tubes, or discharge tubes. Before the advent of semiconductor devices...

A triode is an electronic amplifying vacuum tube (or thermionic valve in British English) consisting of three electrodes inside an evacuated glass envelope:...

developed during World War II, beginning with electromechanicals (1930s), thermionic valves (1930s), semiconductor transistors (1940s), MOSFET (MOS transistors...

sharpened to a tip radius of about 100 nm, or of the Schottky type, in which thermionic emission is enhanced by barrier lowering in the presence of a high electric...

physicist who received the 1928 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on thermionic emission and for the discovery of Richardson's law. Owen Willans Richardson...

1943–1945 to help in the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher. Colossus used thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) to perform Boolean and counting operations. Colossus...

1930s, such as the Trautonium, were built with a variety of vacuum-tube (thermionic valve) and electro-mechanical technologies. After the 1960s, analog synthesizers...

considered "cold" if it emits more electrons than can be supplied by thermionic emission alone. It is used in gas-discharge lamps, such as neon lamps...

In electronics, biasing is the setting of DC (direct current) operating conditions (current and voltage) of an electronic component that processes time-varying...

resembles a vacuum tube in appearance, its operation does not depend on thermionic emission of electrons from a hot cathode. It is hence a cold cathode tube...

• Electrocatalysts (Pt/C, perovskites) • Electrolytes (YSZ, Nafion) • Thermionic materials • High catalytic activity • Ionic conductivity • Thermal stability...

intended to cover certain apparent exceptions. In 1853, Becquerel discovered thermionic emission. In 1867 and 1868 Becquerel published La lumière, ses causes...

current flowing through the barrier is essentially governed by the laws of thermionic emission, combined with the fact that the Schottky barrier is fixed relative...

electrons or ions through either field electron emission or thermionic emission. Thermionic emission occurs when the thermal energy exceeds the metal's...

The 5965 is a miniature twin triode vacuum tube (thermionic valve) "designed for use in high-speed digital computers". According to an MIT Project Whirwind...

them, but are not hot enough for significant thermionic emission. Because cold cathode lamps have no thermionic emission coating to wear out, they can have...

simply Wehnelt) is an electrode in the electron gun assembly of some thermionic devices, used for focusing and control of the electron beam. It is named...

contact with a good vacuum begin to emit electrons either through heating (thermionic emission) or in an electric field that is sufficient to cause field electron...

Shore" (Thermionic Resonance Mix), 90 BPM, vocal – 5.30 "Moorlough Shore" (Thermionic Resonance Mix), 97 BPM, dub – 5.22 "Moorlough Shore" (Thermionic Resonance...

Langmuir and co-author Albert W. Hull further described a sheath formed in a thermionic valve: "Figure 1 shows graphically the condition that exists in such a...

metal. Cathodes are induced to emit electrons by several mechanisms: Thermionic emission: The cathode can be heated. The increased thermal motion of the...

The type 955 triode "acorn tube" is a small triode thermionic valve (vacuum tube in USA) designed primarily to operate at high frequency. Although data...

The control grid is an electrode used in amplifying thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) such as the triode, tetrode and pentode, used to control the flow...

the applications of quantum mechanics to solid-state problems, such as thermionic emission, work function of metals, field electron emission, rectification...

of 29 knots, with some later versions fitted with Perkins S6M diesels. Thermionic Products, acquired by RACAL Electronics plc to become RACAL Recorders...

thermionic emission or use thin barriers and transport carriers via tunneling. Carrier lifetime for escape is determined by tunneling and thermionic emission...

Thermal emission may refer to: Thermionic emission, the liberation of charged particles from an electrode due to thermal energy Thermal radiation, electromagnetic...

The Paraset was a small, low-power, thermionic valve, CW-only radio transmitter-receiver supplied to the resistance groups in France, Belgium and the Netherlands...

operations was developed. Electronic computers, using either relays or thermionic valves, began to appear in the early 1940s. The electromechanical Zuse...

both arcing and arc initiation mechanisms. Contact arcs are either a Thermionic-Emission-Initiated-Arc ("T-Arc") or a Field-Emissions-Initiated-Arc ("F-Arc")...

active electrodes. The four electrodes in order from the centre are: a thermionic cathode, first and second grids, and a plate (called anode in British...

transistor mixing desk, the TG12345 Mk I, as opposed to earlier tube (thermionic valve)-based REDD desks. The TG console also allowed better support for...

in turning his interest from chemistry to electricity. He invented the thermionic diode 1873 (for which alternate credit was sometimes later given to Edison's...

a surface cooling and heating mechanism that occurs during field and thermionic electron emission. The effect is named after physicist Wayne B. Nottingham...

The EL34 is a thermionic vacuum tube of the power pentode type. The EL34 was introduced in 1955 by Mullard, which was owned by Philips. The EL34 has an...

F.W. (19 September 1919). "A trigger relay utilizing three-electrode thermionic vacuum tubes". The Electrician. 83: 298. Reprinted in: Eccles, W.H.; Jordan...

Before the development of silicon semiconductor rectifiers, vacuum tube thermionic diodes and copper oxide- or selenium-based metal rectifier stacks were...

of £100,000 from Mullard Limited, a leading commercial manufacturer of thermionic valves. Construction of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory commenced...

rather than as free electrons across a vacuum (typically liberated by thermionic emission) or as free electrons and ions through an ionized gas. Semiconductor...

The 7AK7 is a pentode vacuum tube (thermionic valve). According to its manufacturer, Sylvania, it was "designed for service in electronic computers". The...

M-OV (Marconi-Osram Valve Company) was a British manufacturer of thermionic valves (vacuum tubes). It was a subsidiary of the (British) General Electric...

built by Tommy Flowers, and the Atanasoff–Berry computer (1942) used thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) and binary representation of numbers. Programming...

current. Improved methods include creating an electron emitter, such as a thermionic cathode, plasma cathode, plasma contactor, or field electron emission...

fission of highly enriched 235 U and convert it to electricity using a thermionic converter) Systems never launched are not included here, see Nuclear power...

A diagram in the shape of a tree illustrating the "evolution" of thermionic tubes (a type of vacuum tube) between 1883 and 1934...

TID or tid may refer to: Thermionic detector, a detector used in gas chromatography based on the principle of ionization and measuring a change in electron...

energetic electron or positron in β+ decay) being emitted from the nucleus Thermionic emission, the liberation of electrons from an electrode by virtue of its...

are made to standardized specifications by multiple manufacturers. The thermionic triode, a vacuum tube invented in 1907, enabled amplified radio technology...

history of vacuum tubes The Thermionic Detector – HJ van der Bijl (October 1919) How vacuum tubes really work – Thermionic emission and vacuum tube theory...

thus makes an ideal material for the lead out wires in light bulbs and thermionic valves. Fernico exhibits a similar property. It is a magnetic alloy and...

instrument designed to test certain characteristics of vacuum tubes (thermionic valves). Tube testers evolved along with the vacuum tube to satisfy the...

Binary Electronic Program-controlled by patch cables and switches No Thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) and thyratrons Harvard Mark I – IBM ASCC (US) May...

crystalline piece of semiconducting material such as silicon, while the thermionic vacuum tubes it replaced worked by controlling a current of electrons...

Calculations Relating to Band-pass Effect in Crystal Resonator Associated with Thermionic Negative Impedance" by S.P. Chakravarti & Miss Rajeshawari (Published...

circuits. The transistor replaced the vacuum-tube triode, also called a (thermionic) valve, which was much larger in size and used significantly more power...

Mullard–Philips vacuum tubes and their American equivalents. Most post-war European thermionic valve (vacuum tube) manufacturers have used the Mullard–Philips tube designation...

electronic system, which his staff called Colossus, using perhaps 1,800 thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) instead of 150 and having only one paper tape instead...

Broadcasting Corporation beginning on 30 September 1929. Vacuum tubes use thermionic emission of electrons from a heated cathode for a number of fundamental...

when there was no alternative, as to power a car radio (which then used thermionic valves (tubes) that require much higher voltages than available from a...

(°/s) 8.0 - 11.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 20.0 16.5 Electronics thermionic thermionic hybrid thermionic solid state hybrid Warhead 4.5 kg (9.9 lb) blast-fragmentation...

A nonode is a type of thermionic valve that has nine active electrodes. The term most commonly applies to a seven-grid vacuum tube, also sometimes called...

and served briefly on the Western Front. He brought a captured German thermionic valve back with him. He became the Wheatstone Professor of Physics at...

laboratory, where he remained for the rest of his career, working on thermionic valves. He lived in Penn, Buckinghamshire and was a noted philanthropist...

) k T q {\displaystyle S_{s-th,\min }=\ln(10){kT \over q}} (known as thermionic limit) and 60 mV/dec at room temperature (300 K). A typical experimental...

(1849–1945), English electrical engineer and physicist. Invented the first thermionic valve or vacuum tube, designed the radio transmitter with which the first...

Nordheim, assisted by Ralph Fowler, published a paper that discussed thermionic emission and reflection of electrons from metals. He assumed a surface...

tubes. FEAs offer a number of potential advantages over conventional thermionic cathodes, including low power consumption, instantaneous switching, and...

cooling Malone engine Pulse tube Stirling cycle Thermoelectric cooling Thermionic cooling Vortex tube Water cycle systems. Most refrigerator-freezers—except...

commonly used in the contexts of automotive electronics and systems using thermionic valves (vacuum tubes). In electrostatics, the voltage increase from point...

had a full monopoly and in 1913 they shifted from spark transmitters to thermionic valves. In 1912, he was assisted by English financiers to set up Galletti...

Germer, L. H. (June 1925). "The Distribution of Initial Velocities Among Thermionic Electrons". Physical Review. 25 (6): 795–807. Bibcode:1925PhRv...25..795G...

Coolidge in 1913. The Coolidge tube, also called a hot cathode tube, uses thermionic emission, where a tungsten cathode is heated to a sufficiently high temperature...

radiotelephone reception. In 1903 and 1904, the electrolytic detector and thermionic diode (Fleming valve) were invented by Reginald Fessenden and John Ambrose...

naturally over large underground areas at or near the surface of the Earth. Thermionic emission — the emission of electrons from a heated electrode, usually...

completely revised in 1961 by his colleague James Lafferty. His research on thermionic emission is remembered in the form of the Richardson-Dushman equation...

through the Rankine cycle, Brayton cycle, thermoelectric conversion, and thermionic conversion with plutonium-238 as the primary heating element. The heat...

Siegmund Strauss invented and produced a gas-filled triode – the first thermionic valve with a control grid that was designed specifically for amplification...

control.[citation needed] In 1904, John Ambrose Fleming invented the thermionic diode, the first kind of vacuum tube. This used a hot cathode that caused...

significantly different characteristics to the far more common type 807 thermionic valve/vacuum tube. The "SY" prefix denotes the site of manufacture as...

effect on electronic music, was the audion in 1906. This was the first thermionic valve, or vacuum tube and which led to the generation and amplification...

radars and covert Data links. Earlier in the century, vacuum tubes (thermionic valves) were used extensively in transmitters and receivers, but their...

radio thermionic valve factory at Ponders End. This area, with nearby Brimsdown subsequently developed as a centre for the manufacture of thermionic valves...

in New York, he studied the performance of the first three-electrode thermionic valve, known as the "Audion", developed by Lee de Forest. His research...

output required little electronic processing, a distinct advantage in the thermionic valve era due to minimal valve count and low power consumption, the instrument...

widespread following their introduction in the 1950s. Circuits using thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) were relatively large, relatively simple (the number...

ACE, itself a cut-down version of Alan Turing's ACE. The DEUCE had 1450 thermionic valves, and used mercury delay lines for its main memory; each of the...

tetrode, sometimes called a beam power tube, is a type of vacuum tube or thermionic valve that has two grids and forms the electron stream from the cathode...

materials.[citation needed] The related phenomena of surface photoeffect, thermionic emission (or Richardson–Dushman effect) and "cold electronic emission"...

surround the metal object in a cloud of free electrons. This is called thermionic emission. The resulting cloud is negatively charged, and can be attracted...

722 "Electric accumulator". Filed 9 March 1918. U.S. patent 1,981,058 "Thermionic valve". Filed 14 October 1926; issued 20 November 1934. U.S. patent RE11913...

converter Thermoelectric (Peltier–Seebeck effect) Thermogalvanic cell Thermionic emission Thermotunnel cooling Thermo-magnetic motor (Tesla) A domestic...

Bibcode:1930PhRv...35..375T. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.35.375. Langmuir, Irving (1925). "Thermionic Effects Caused by Vapours of Alkali Metals". Proceedings of the Royal...

term most commonly applies to a three-grid amplifying vacuum tube or thermionic valve that was invented by Gilles Holst and Bernhard D.H. Tellegen in...

developers of the Topaz-2 satellite nuclear power reactor and is developing thermionic fuel elements and other materials for the Topaz-3 nuclear power reactor...

employed by Ferranti from the mid-1960s, where he worked on the Pegasus thermionic valve computer. He was involved in the standardization of ASCII and ISO...

changes. The adoption of transistorized circuits in place of the former thermionic valves eliminated the need for cooling the electronics, as well as making...

used in building construction Anodes, electrodes used in vacuum tubes (thermionic valves) and similar devices Photographic plate, medium from which a photograph...

X-ray generation, surface electrons are released from a heated cathode by thermionic emission. The applied voltage (kV) accelerates these electrons toward...

technology for the time, with gyro stabilized weapons sighting and a thermionic fire control system. Including the prototype, just 13 Airacudas were produced...

this constant-current characteristic with junction transistors and with thermionic tube (valve) tetrodes and pentodes.[citation needed] Constriction of the...

were also tried in repeaters, with little success. The development of thermionic valves which began around 1902, provided an entirely electronic method...

adopted a low profile but still continued making important developments in thermionic valve (vacuum tube) technology and television. He worked for the Marconi...

crystal after heating/cooling, an effect distinct from thermoelectricity Thermionic emission – the liberation of charged particles from a hot electrode Thermogalvanic...

The name of both theorems stems from the work by Norman R. Campbell on thermionic noise, also known as shot noise, in vacuum tubes, which was partly inspired...

processors. Prior to the invention of the transistor, relays and vacuum tubes (thermionic tubes) were commonly used as switching elements; a useful computer requires...

typically used in instruments, engines, etc. Vacuum tube, also called "thermionic valve", an electronic component Mercury-arc valve, a type of electrical...

McLeod gauge which is much more stable and independent of gas chemistry. Thermionic emission generates electrons, which collide with gas atoms and generate...

of poly-Si TFT models for device simulation: In-plane trap model and thermionic emission model". SID Conference Record of the International Display Research...

hydrogen and highly enriched fuel. The reactor produced electricity using a thermionic converter. The satellite used a Plazma-2 SPT Hall-effect thruster for...

kV) and emits electrons either by thermionic or field electron emission into the vacuum. In the case of a thermionic source, the electron source is mounted...

hydrogen and highly enriched uranium fuel. It produced electricity using a thermionic converter. It had a Plazma-2 SPT electric engine. Its mission was to search...

is a Schottky height barrier. Although vulnerable to higher rates of thermionic emission, manufacturing of Schottky barrier solar cells proves to be cost-effective...

the relationship between the thermochemistry and emission behavior of thermionic cathodes based on the BaO-Sc2O3-WO3 ternary system," was supported by...

Mueller, Juergen; Owens, Al. "In-FEEP Thruster Ion Beam Neutralization with Thermionic and Field Emission Cathodes" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on...

spectrometry Photoelectric effect Quantum tunnelling Schrödinger's cat Thermionic emission Vortex tube Cargill Gilston Knott (1911). "Quote from undated...

purchased and brought a laptop, a copy of the Reason program and selected a "Thermionic Culture Phoenix valve compressor and Culture Vulture distortion unit,...

Jordan (19 September 1919) "A trigger relay utilizing three-electrode thermionic vacuum tubes," The Electrician, vol. 83, page 298. Reprinted in: Radio...

Book of Notes, Formulae and Calculations The Wireless Press (1915) The Thermionic Valve and its Development in Radio Telegraphy and Telephony (1919). Fifty...

switches and relay logic rather than the later innovations of vacuum tubes (thermionic valves) or transistors (from which later electronic computers were constructed)...

studio cameras were heavy and hot-running because of the vacuum tube (thermionic valve) circuitry that they contained, in addition to three large image...

variants of the EL84, manufactured in Russia, Yugoslavia, Slovakia, and China Classification Thermionic Pentode Service Audio Socket connections B9A (Noval)...

Mechanical Engineering at Nottingham University before working for Racal Thermionic in Hythe, Hampshire, as a technical author, then mechanical designer for...

observed characteristics are discussed in later sections. In high-vacuum thermionic diodes operating under normal conditions, plate current increases nonlinearly...

their common surroundings. This can be accomplished by processes such as thermionic emission or arc discharge. The following devices are commonly used as...

conditions. Alkali-metal heat pipes can transfer heat from the source to a thermionic or thermoelectric converter to generate electricity. Since the early 1990s...

the "elegant" writing are "many lumps of scientific jargon" such as "thermionic emissions" and "electrodeposition techniques". Edison, the Man – 1940...

Mott-Smith recalls, in particular, that the transport of electrons from thermionic filaments reminded Langmuir of "the way blood plasma carries red and white...

transistors before CADET was operational, although both required some thermionic valves to supply their faster clock power, so they were not fully transistorised...

in 1920. Together with Shellshear, he was the first in England to use thermionic valves in any biological context. In 1948, he was instrumental in the...

1940, MMA International, 1982, p. 30, 31, 81. Hull, A. W., "Gas-Filled Thermionic Valves", Trans. AIEE, 47, 1928, pp. 753–763. Data for 6D4 type, "Sylvania...

visual perception is accomplished by rays of light emitted by the eyes Thermionic emission, the flow of charged particles from a charged metal or a charged...

emission coefficient (which is not related to the one discussed here) Thermionic emission Incorporated, SynLube. "Spectroscopy Oil Analysis". www.synlube...

speed. The Atanasoff–Berry Computer (ABC), ENIAC, and Colossus all used thermionic valves (vacuum tubes). ENIAC's registers performed decimal arithmetic...

Wireless Age stated that the court found Fleming had first applied the thermionic vacuum rectifier based on the Edison effect as a detector of radio signals...

1949–1958 Discontinued yes Units shipped 1 Operating system None CPU Derated thermionic valves Memory 512 17-bit words, upgraded in 1952 to 1024 17-bit words...

Services Division who designed and produced it. The ICT 1201 computer used thermionic valve technology and its main memory was drum storage. Input was from...

causing them to become incandescent, so that they emit electrons (through thermionic emission). Even a small 9 V battery can spark noticeably by this mechanism...

electron. In addition to direct tunneling, Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, and thermionic emission contribute to the total current significantly in different operating...

César Becquerel Photovoltaics Edmond Becquerel Thermionic emission Photovoltaics Edmond Becquerel Thermionic emission Photovoltaics Henri Becquerel Radioactivity...

delay valve, an automobile component Vacuum tube, an electron tube or thermionic valve Vacuum interrupter, an electrical device acting similar to a circuit...

from London University. During his early years at RHC he did research on thermionic emissions and gaseous ions. Over this time he became increasingly involved...

heat from the radioactive decay to electricity. These designs include thermionic converter, thermophotovoltaic cells, alkali-metal thermal to electric...

founded in 1920 by Captain Stanley R. Mullard, who had previously designed thermionic valves for the Admiralty before becoming managing director of the Z Electric...

to accelerate technical progress as violently as did the advent of the thermionic tube." Michael Buckland concluded that Bush's 1945 vision for an information...

stability of the vacuum and the cathode emitters. The application of a thermionic emitter allowed operating voltage to be dropped to a few hundred volts...

of its surface; these were the cathode rays. Modern vacuum tubes use thermionic emission, in which the cathode is made of a thin wire filament which is...

of Cambridge". Ahmed, Haroon (1963). Studies on high-current-density thermionic cathodes (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. "Professor Haroon Ahmed...

vapour." 1928 Owen Willans Richardson United Kingdom "For his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him...

Audion independently from John Ambrose Fleming's earlier research on the thermionic valve (for which Fleming received Great Britain patent 24850 and the American...

orbited the Earth every 89.5 minutes. Powered by a liquid sodium–potassium thermionic converter driven by a BES-5 nuclear reactor containing around 50 kg of...

signals" 1936 Walter H. Schottky "for his discovery of the Schrot effect in thermionic emission and his invention of the screen-grid tetrode and a superheterodyne...

gossamer, iso-inertial SPS using thin films of artificial diamond in thermionic conversion devices. The second paper, "Power from Space and the Hydrogen...

envelope. Study of the problem of bulb blackening led to the discovery of thermionic emission, the invention of the vacuum tube, and evaporation deposition...

intermolecular force: the van der Waals force. 1873: Frederick Guthrie discovers thermionic emission. 1873: Willoughby Smith discovers photoconductivity. 1875: William...

accelerating field of the electron gun. In comparison with the widespread thermionic electron gun, photoinjectors produce electron beams of higher brightness...

_{\text{PF}}={\sqrt {\frac {e^{3}}{\pi \epsilon _{0}\epsilon _{r}}}}} Tunneling and thermionic emission are typically observed when the barrier height is low. Thermally-assisted...

by Edgar Adrian in 1925 from a set of crosscut muscle fibres. Using a thermionic triode valve amplifier with 1850 amplification, Adrian noticed that when...

but although comparatively small in bulk and containing only about 800 thermionic valves, as can be judged from Plates XII, XIII and XIV, it is an extremely...

(sequential) scanning. In 1936, when the UK was setting analog standards, early thermionic valve based CRT drive electronics could only scan at around 200 lines...

assigned) V-- Flash tubes W-- Travelling wave tube X-- X-ray tube Y-- Thermionic converter The last 2 digits were serially assigned, beginning with 21...

x-ray machines until the 1920s. Much of Wehnelt's research dealt with thermionic emission, the emission of electrons in vacuum tubes. In this context,...

Tennessee) was an American experimental physicist, specializing in "thermionic and photoelectric emission of electrons from crystalline metals." A. B...

directly in the Oxford Companion to the Mind. Gabor, D. and Fatmi, H.A., "A thermionic generator," Nature, London, 1961, 868. Gabor, D. and Fatmi, H.A., "The...

mechanically steered and gyroscopic stabilised radar dish, and had a thermionic valve (vacuum tube) circuit. In theory it was able to detect fighter-sized...

computers constructed from switches and relay logic rather than vacuum tubes (thermionic valves) or transistors (from which later electronic computers were constructed)...

Southampton) and Racal Instruments (Burnham, near Slough). Racal acquired Thermionic Products in 1967, creating Racal Thermionics, renamed Racal Recorders...

In Europe, the principal method of numbering vacuum tubes ("thermionic valves") was the nomenclature used by the Philips company and its subsidiaries Mullard...

standard CMOS electronics. Since joining Stanford, he has contributed to thermionic energy conversion devices and broad-spectrum electronic biomolecular sensors...

such as radio signals from a radio antenna, practicable. Vacuum tubes (thermionic valves) were the first active electronic components which controlled current...

physical laws that increase emissions of vapor from hot surfaces (see thermionic emission). In addition, electrons are emitted where the electrical field...

graphene-based thermal power conversion), pyroelectric, thermophotovoltaic, thermionic and magnetohydrodynamic type thermoelectric materials. Radioisotope thermoelectric...

populated with a significant number of electrons (this is the basis of thermionic emission). Kittel, Charles (1996). Introduction to Solid State Physics...

lecture by Arnold Sommerfeld. Some of their subsequent experiments on thermionic emission provided experimental validation for the Sommerfeld theory. They...

circuits, among their many uses. Semiconductor devices have replaced thermionic devices like vacuum tubes in most applications. Semiconductor devices...

characterized by a lower voltage than a glow discharge, and relies on thermionic emission of electrons from the electrodes supporting the arc. The electric...

1939, John Cockcroft began a development effort at Pye Ltd. to develop thermionic valves (electron tubes) capable of withstanding these much greater forces...

Doppler radar – Christian Doppler Draisine – Karl Drais Edison effect (Thermionic emission) – Thomas Edison Edison screw – Thomas Edison Ehrlich's reagent...

Grantham in England. November 16 – John Ambrose Fleming patents the first thermionic vacuum tube, the two-electrode diode ("oscillation valve" or Fleming valve)...

1904 – English engineer John Ambrose Fleming receives a patent for the thermionic valve (vacuum tube). 1907 – Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory join...

Peltier-Seebeck effect. The other relies on vacuum tubes and the principles of thermionic emission. a heat engine working backwards as a refrigerator, such as a...

joined Standard Telephones and Cables in London, working as a physicist on thermionic valves and X-ray equipment. With the outbreak of the Second World War...

Robert Coleman Richardson Washington, D.C., U.S. "for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him"...

thick coating. With the development of the RF antenna ion source, or "non-thermionic ion source," the ion source has an advantage over conventional cold cathodes...

for timing and thus not available for program use. This machine used thermionic valves to generate a clock frequency of 125 kHz. The only storage used...

A variety of effects can be harnessed to produce thermoelectricity, thermionic emission, pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity. The Electrical resistance...

(1879–1959), physicist, won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1928 for his work of thermionic emission. Sayeeda Warsi, Baroness Warsi of Dewsbury (born 1971), Conservative...

in most of the camera, the highly sensitive head amplifiers still used thermionic valves in the first generation of the design. Integrating the lens within...

when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1." Caesium vapour thermionic generators are low-power devices that convert heat energy to electrical...

Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2023-09-01. Retrieved 2023-10-12. "Thermionic emission | Thermionic Emission, Vacuum Tubes, Electron Flow | Britannica". www.britannica...

the early British bombes. 'Stops' were detected electronically using thermionic valves (vacuum tubes)—mostly thyratrons—for the high-speed circuits. When...

was appointed to lead the ACE group. The Pilot ACE had fewer than 1,000 thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) compared to about 18,000 in the ENIAC. It used mercury...

hardware, then usually organized into three generations First generation: Thermionic vacuum tubes. Mid-1940s. IBM pioneered the arrangement of vacuum tubes...

built a machine called "Heinzelmann", which was a radio that came without thermionic valves and as a do it yourself kit to circumvent post war rules. The first...

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.51.106. GB 496883, "Improvements in or relating to thermionic valve amplifying circuits"  "Electric toothbrush". Google Patents. 1937-12-13...

named Kosmos 954 failed. It was powered by a liquid sodium–potassium thermionic converter driven by a nuclear reactor containing around 50 kilograms (110...

energized, the heating coil will cause electrons to emerge from it due to thermionic emission. In the electric field between anode and cathode, the electric...

Braunschweig University of Technology. Photoelectric effect Photomultiplier tube Thermionic emission Pais, Abraham (2002). Inward bound: of matter and forces in the...

2 December 1948 Engineer Theory and Operating Characteristics of the Thermionic Amplifier Nasib al-Bitar Palestine 26 June 1948 Jurist Al-Fareeda Fi Hisab...

forward to the possibilities of studying these crown ethers with his thermionic titration technique. Izatt called Pedersen and was the first scientist...

itself. The energy source responsible for electron emission can be heat (thermionic emission), light (photoelectron emission), ions, or neutral particles...

voltage is applied, the diode junction breaks down due to a combination of thermionic emission and electron tunneling, resulting in a large current flow. The...

electrons. Crystals of LaB 6 are used in high-brightness, extended-life, thermionic electron emission sources for electron microscopes and Hall-effect thrusters...

ambient temperatures. Also, uncoupling protein was found in both the thermionic male florets and the appendix. The protein is 1178 nucleotide in length...

power. In a vacuum, a beam of electrons is emitted by an electron gun or thermionic cathode and accelerated by high-voltage electrodes (typically in the tens...

Post Office Research Station at Dollis Hill in North London. It used thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) to implement the logic. This involved the Boolean...

According to Goldstein et al, "Most older SEMs use tungsten or LaB6 thermionic emitters, but, increasingly, new microscopes are equipped with cold, thermal...

Electronics, 4th ed., London, U. K.: Newnes, 1999, p. 265, 269 E. Williams, Thermionic Valve Circuits, 4th ed., London: Sir Isacc Pitman & Sons, 1961, p. 151...

creating the modern central boulevards. 1880 – Thomas Edison observes thermionic emission. 1913 – The 13th Dalai Lama proclaims Tibetan independence following...

memory. Secondary emission can be undesirable such as in the tetrode thermionic valve (tube). In this instance the positively charged screen grid can...

acid. The same year John Ambrose Fleming invented the Fleming valve or thermionic diode which could also rectify an AM signal. There are several ways of...

Exhibition at Olympia, where it appeared on the Mullard stand promoting thermionic valve technology. The demonstrations were largely theatrical and involved...

music transmitted by Fessenden using his new alternator transmitter. Thermionic diode (Fleming valve) - The first vacuum tube, invented in 1904 by John...

compulsory sterilization for eugenic purposes on the statute book. The triode thermionic amplifier invented by Lee de Forest, starting the development of electronics...

fatal in its most common variant Temperature-dependent sex determination Thermionic specific detector, another term for nitrogen–phosphorus detector Total...

WIRELESS; Imperial Committee Recommends System of Generating Energy by Thermionic Valves" (PDF). "Norman Committee's Scheme". The Manchester Guardian. 29...

RHU (including shielding) is about 40 grams. Similar schemes, such as thermionic generators, have also been used. The United States Department of Energy...

have electric street lights. 1920 – Hendrik van der Bijl publishes The thermionic vacuum tube and its applications. The standard textbook on the subject...

awarded the IEEE Medal of Honor in 1959. He was best known for his work on thermionic vacuum tubes. In 1911, he invented the concept of the Chaffee Gap which...

Jordan (19 September 1919) "A trigger relay utilizing three-electrode thermionic vacuum tubes," The Electrician, vol. 83, page 298. Reprinted in: Radio...

electric circuits Frederick Guthrie is the first to report observing thermionic emission June 18 – Alice Vickery passes the Royal Pharmaceutical Society's...

system, which frequently broke down. Additionally, the machine used 4,200 thermionic valves, mostly EF50 pentodes and diodes that had to be replaced constantly...

The Effect of a Hydrogen Atmosphere on the Velocity Distribution Among Thermionic Electrons, Phys. Rev., 28, 4, 769, October 1926. del Rosario, C.: Low-pressure...

state version of the dynatron oscillator which normally uses a tetrode thermionic valve (vacuum tube). The tunnel diode showed great promise as an oscillator...

frequencies, etc.; replaced by the SI unit hertz (Hz). Electron tube and thermionic valve "Tubes" and "valves" are still being made, but these older terms...

back cover Schoenberg, Rodda, Bull, Improvements in and relating to thermionic valves, GB patent 423,932, published Feb. 1935 Schoenberg, Rodda, Bull...

close proximity of their p–n junctions, but this is not the case with thermionic tubes (or valves) which are relatively immune to EMP. A Faraday cage does...

limitations the approach was rapidly superseded by the use of multi-electrode thermionic triode (valve) based oscillators. Indeed, many of the pioneers in the...

Typically the materials have low work function and are therefore prone to thermionic emission, causing noise and dark current, especially the materials sensitive...

Langmuir, Irving (1913). "The Effect of Space Charge and Residual Gases on Thermionic Currents in High Vacuum". Physical Review. 2 (6): 450–485. Bibcode:1913PhRv...

is a semiconductor and the rest are good conductors. LaB6 and CeB6 are thermionic emitters, used, for example, in scanning electron microscopes. Lanthanide...

Sudan before finally returning home to Ireland. He also wrote a paper on thermionic generators around this time. In 1931, he returned to his parents' home...

intelligence service of Syria Alkali flame-ionization detector, a type of flame thermionic detector (FTD) used in gas chromatography Anti-felon identification system...

dated November 23, 1942. In Bethe's theory, the current is limited by thermionic emission of electrons over the metal–semiconductor potential barrier....

causes the filament to release or burn off electrons. This is known as thermionic emission. The electrons are then compressed or focused by the focusing...

called the hot plate. Electrons are emitted by the hot plate through thermionic emission, and ions are created through contact ionization of atoms of...

high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other. A diode vacuum tube or thermionic diode is a vacuum tube with two electrodes, a heated cathode and a plate...

the turn ratio of the windings. This current can then be rectified by a thermionic diode, a copper-oxide/selenium rectifier, or by an additional set of mechanical...

provide the synchrotron light are first produced at the electron gun, by thermionic emission from a heated metal cathode. The emitted electrons are then accelerated...

8539 Electric filament, discharge, ultraviolet, and infrared lamps 8540 Thermionic, cold-cathode, and photocathode tubes 8541 Diodes, transistors, semiconductor...

applications such as new techniques for solar collectors (Photo Enhanced Thermionic Emission, PETE). In 1999 he gave the APS Centennial lecture and in 2003...

Canterbury Province in New Zealand John Ambrose Fleming, inventor of the thermionic valve and the diode Patrick Head, co-founder of the Williams Formula One...

558 2  Germany 1,097 3  France 536 4  United States 513 5  Japan 426 Thermionic, cold cathode or photo−cathode valves and tubes, e.g. vacuum or vapour...

through the device. Similarly, in a vacuum tube, only one electrode can thermionically emit electrons into the evacuated tube, so electrons can only enter...

for the operator. Valve electrometers use a specialized vacuum tube (thermionic valve) with a very high gain (transconductance) and input resistance....

A suppressor grid is a wire screen used in a thermionic valve (i.e. vacuum tube) to suppress secondary emission. It is also called the antidynatron grid...

bulb geometry. The cathode is kept small to reach high temperatures for thermionic emission, the anode being larger to dissipate the heat generated as incoming...

N709 may refer to: N709 an exact equivalent of the thermionic valve EL84 Provincial road N709 (Netherlands) N709 (Bangladesh), the Khulna City Bypass N709PA...

amplifiers", issued 1943-02-09  US2358428A, Casling, White Eric Lawrence, "Thermionic valve amplifier circuit arrangement", issued 1944-09-19  Gray, Paul R...

into continuous currents". It was also called a thermionic valve, vacuum diode, kenotron, and thermionic tube. Fleming, John Ambrose (1914) The Wonders...

control equipment under repair contained TO-3 transistors instead of thermionic valves. Above and Beyond was well received. Reviewer Andrew Melomet noted...

the associate director of the research lab. Tonks' research focused on thermionic emission, ferromagnetism, and magnetrons from microwave generation. During...

Mária Telkes Stirling engine Thermal power station Thermoelectric battery Thermionic converter Thermoelectric cooling or Peltier cooler Thermoelectric effect...

atomic batteryPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Thermionic converter – Power generation device Andy Mcloone (14 December 2022). The...

and off the stage more quickly. Instrument amplifiers may be based on thermionic (tube or valve) or solid state (transistor) technology. Vacuum tubes were...

revealed that the tribo-current is contributed by quantum tunneling, thermionic emission and trap-assisted transport. Liquid-semiconductor interface....

Senior Wrangler. After receiving his M.A. in 1905, he began research on thermionic emission in the Cavendish Laboratory. This did not go well, and meanwhile...

temperature of the Sun's surface to be 5700 K 1880 – Edison discovers thermionic emission or the Edison effect. 1882 – Edison switches on the world's first...

United States Patent and Trademark Office. Retrieved 6 September 2015. "Thermionic Amplifier". United States Patent and Trademark Office. Retrieved 7 September...

During 1916, Hull began investigation into the use of magnetic control of thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) as an alternative to grid or electrostatic control...

Fischer Handheld metal detector John Ambrose Fleming Inventor of the thermionic valve (vacuum tube) Tommy Flowers Designer of the first programmable digital...

current in the lamp. The heat knocks electrons out of the electrodes by thermionic emission, which helps maintain the arc. In many types the electrodes consist...

magnetic resonance (NMR), as used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), thermionic tubes, and various radar technologies. Sigurd's inventions, some of which...

below ground level, one thermionic source with a hot cathode, and one photoelectric source with a photocathode. The thermionic source sends electrons via...

This is the reverse of the terminology used in an electrolytic cell or thermionic vacuum tube. The reason is that the terms anode and cathode are defined...

thermal equilibrium, but the converse is not always true. thermal radiation thermionic emission thermodynamic equilibrium thermodynamic free energy thermodynamics...

one or more electrically controlled switches, usually transistors, but thermionic valves have seen historic use. The output of a logic gate can, in turn...

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.41.545. Street, J. C.; —— (1932). "The use of a thermionic tetrode for voltage control". Journal of the Franklin Institute. 214 (2):...

conclusions on capillarity. Owen Richardson describes the phenomenon in thermionic emission which gives rise to Richardson's Law. Ivan Yarkovsky describes...

awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1928 for his pioneering work on thermionic emission. The IAU officially adopted the name "Richardson" for this crater...

Vf falls below apx 0.7 V. The exact voltage varies with temperature. Thermionic diode: cutoff voltage depends on device design. Much higher than for silicon...

CV511 – 6V6GT & 6V6GTY The British GPO also used their own VT (Valve - Thermionic) numbering system VT196 = CV509 = 6V6G – General Post Office (GPO) Swedish...

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.79.535. ISSN 0031-899X. Hung, C. S. (1950-01-01). "Thermionic Emission from Oxide Cathodes: Retarding and Accelerating Fields". Journal...

electron cloud is generated by a heated metal cathode, by a process called thermionic emission. When an electric field is applied strongly enough to draw the...

cathodes because of its low work function which gives it a high rate of thermionic emission of electrons; YB66 crystals, grown by an indirect-heating floating...

from tens to hundreds of kilowatts. Electron beams can be generated by thermionic emission, field electron emission or the anodic arc method. The generated...

scientific works on theoretical physics. The most famous are his work on thermionic emission and the passage of current through a vacuum. V.R. Bursian, Theory...

of the tube heats them up and they emit electrons into the tube gas by thermionic emission. In the starter, the touching contacts short out the voltage...

(1956). Thermionic Emission. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics. Nottingham, Wayne (1956). "Thermionic Emission"...

moving at 40 ft/s (12.2 m/s; 27.3 mph). Colossus Mark 1 contained 1500 thermionic valves (tubes), but Mark 2 with 2400 valves and five processors in parallel...

transistors; many of Britain's previous experimental computers used the thermionic valve, also known as a vacuum tube. Britain had built the world's first...

the Manhattan Project, (1946). d - Killian, Thomas J. (1926-05-01). "Thermionic Phenomena Caused by Vapors of Rubidium and Potassium". Physical Review...

Captain H.J. Round and worked with him on the further development of the thermionic valve.[citation needed] At war's end, he was transferred to Liverpool...

three hours) self-reciprocating actuators. Atomic battery Betavoltaics Thermionic converter Optoelectric nuclear battery Bill Steele (October 16, 2002)...

energy on the surface. Using caesium atoms, graphite-covered surfaces and thermionic converters as containment, the work function of the surface has been measured...

most practical high-frequency electronic amplifiers were made using thermionic valves. The simplest valve (named diode because it had two electrodes)...

used. Those unfamiliar with sealed vacuum devices, such as vacuum tubes/thermionic valves, high-pressure sodium lamps or some types of metal-halide lamps...

Shadow," but when Edison patented the electric light bulb in 1883 this thermionic emission became known as the "Edison Effect," and was patented on November...

increased demand for such instruments and the War Office needed experimental thermionic valves. The manufacture of such components afforded the company the technical...

Some hobbyists who prefer class-A amplifiers also prefer the use of thermionic valve (tube) designs instead of transistors, for several reasons: Single-ended...

noble gas filled thermionic converter developed by him. In the early sixties, very successful research work on various types of thermionic converters was...

Richardson at King's College London, where she conducted research on thermionic emission. Richardson presented her work to the Royal Society because she...

1960s and 1970s, the Soviet Union developed TOPAZ reactors, which utilize thermionic converters instead, although the first test flight was not until 1987...

frequency and power than were possible with conventional vacuum tubes/thermionic valves. This resulted in production of the "Heil tube", the first truly-practicable...

of poly-Si TFT models for device simulation: In-plane trap model and thermionic emission model". SID Conference Record of the International Display Research...

Similar conventions were applied to circuits involving vacuum tubes, or thermionic valves, as they were known outside of the U.S. Therefore, we see VP, VK...

transistor for a high frequency narrow band oscillator W. S. Percival, “Thermionic Valve Circuits,” British Patent Specification no. 460,562, filed 24 July...

British Army the same year. He later became a Director of Romary & Co. Ltd, Thermionic Products Ltd and other companies as well as a member of the Broadcasting...

2 December 1948 Engineer Theory and Operating Characteristics of the Thermionic Amplifier Nasib al-Bitar Palestine 26 June 1948 Jurist Al-Fareeda Fi Hisab...

electron gun, used to generate electrons by way of thermionic or field emission from a source tip. In thermionic emission, electrons escape a source tip (usually...

2009. K. Uppireddi, T.L. Westover, T.S. Fisher, B.R. Weiner, G. Morell, “Thermionic emission energy distribution from nanocrystalline diamond films for direct...

generated by a DC discharge in an electron-rich environment, obtained by thermionic emission from heated filaments. The voltages required by the arc discharge...

modulating quantum tunneling through a barrier instead of modulating thermionic emission over a barrier as in traditional MOSFETs. Because of this, TFETs...

metals." 1936 Walter Schottky "For his discovery of the Schrot Effect in thermionic emission and his invention of the screen-grid tetrode and a superheterodyne...

electrons, a heated filament or hot cathode which releases electrons by thermionic emission. The ionization method of creating cathode rays used in Crookes...

of the first vacuum tubes. He headed Marconi's research program into thermionic tubes and developed a three-element (triode) amplifying tube at roughly...

colored to form a full-color image. Likely the fultograph. Bush calls them "thermionic-tube", an older name for them. Bush did not imagine a general computer...

The new stabilisation system used a pair of gyroscopes connected to thermionic amplifiers to appropriately actuate a series of control valves; it was...

field (also known as "vector scan"). Lower-resolution systems can use thermionic sources (cathode), which are usually formed from lanthanum hexaboride...

began to study the emission of charged particles from hot filaments (thermionic emission). He was one of the first scientists to work with plasmas, and...

MD: United States Naval Institute, 1911, pp.125, 132 J. Scott-Taggart, Thermionic Tubes in Radio Telegraphy and Telephony, London, UK: The Wireless Press...

(mainly Mullard GET872), resistors, capacitors, inductors, and a handful of thermionic valves and a few dozen relays operated when buttons were pressed. Integrated...

Flowers of the Post Office Research Station, Dollis Hill had experience of thermionic valves and built an electronic machine, the Colossus computer which was...

before flat disk records were widely available. Thomas Edison discovers thermionic emission. This effect forms the basis for the vacuum tube and the cathode...

1063/1.1684146. PMID 5797882. Broers, A. N. (1973). "High-resolution thermionic cathode scanning transmission electron microscope". Applied Physics Letters...

Cossor, a go-ahead electronics firm, designed, and manufactured electronic thermionic valves, domestic radio sets and television receivers both before, and...

amplifiers do not have the severe limitations on output power imposed by thermionic devices; accordingly loudspeaker design has evolved in the direction of...

Ireland, and Glace Bay, Nova Scotia. Lee de Forest invents the triode thermionic amplifier, starting the development of electronics as a practical technology...

secondary emission. In an arc discharge, electrons leave the cathode by thermionic emission and field emission, and the gas is ionized by thermal means....

oxide to reflect heat back onto the electrodes to keep them hot and thermionically emitting. Some bulbs have a phosphor coating on the inner side of the...

thermal evaporation (deposition), cadmium arsenide displayed the Schottky (thermionic emission) and Poole–Frenkel effect at high electric fields. Cadmium Arsenide...

physics of ionized gases/plasmas. In 1925 invented a microphone based on thermionic currents (currents emitted by heated bodies) and a light projector using...

compact point-to-point construction and used two R.C.A. type 955 "acorn" thermionic valves. All the rubber-insulated wires in it had perished and the rubber...

V. K. Zworykin described a permanently sealed, high-vacuum CRT with a thermionic emitter in 1931. This stable and reproducible component allowed General...

direct conversion into electricity for example with thermoelements or thermionic devices. The second problem is that nuclear fission produces high levels...

extends to a deep understanding of many facets such as surface physics, of thermionic emission, of transport phenomena in semiconductors and of collective excitations...

tunnelling, while in lightly doped (non-degenerate) silicon it occurs via thermionic emission. They proposed a formation theory accounting for the dependence...

heating, and the decay of the surface charge density is consistent with the thermionic emission theory, suggesting the existence of electron transfer at the...

he wrote a meteorology textbook entitled The Frequency Departure of Thermionic Oscillators from the L. C. Valve. Decades later he wrote a book about...

electrical engineer Sir John Ambrose Fleming (1849–1945), who invented the thermionic valve. Ambrose Fleming had a very short life, for on 28 April 1941 a German...

material for the lead-out wires or other seal structures in light bulbs and thermionic valves. Dumet is also used for this purpose, but for passing through softer...

Robinson's two synchronised tape loops, and his previous, unique experience of thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) led him to realize that a better machine could be...

early recording equipment e.g. The Recordon dictating machine made by Thermionic Products Ltd of England – features a flat, magnetically coated paper disk...

Temperature of a Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Quenching Down Electron Thermionic Emission in Contact-Electrification". Advanced Materials. 30 (38) 1803968...

(representing the rocket accelerating), which "was actually a recording of a thermionic valve played through an echo chamber down at the Physical Research Laboratory...

is a semiconductor and the rest are good conductors. LaB6 and CeB6 are thermionic emitters, used, for example, in scanning electron microscopes. Dodecaborides...

high electric currents, which are drawn from the cathode by intensive thermionic and field emission. Due to the intense currents, the volume of the arc...

process and by the late 1950s many systems using motor generators and thermionic emission triode oscillators were in regular use in a vast array of industries...

Manchester. While at Metropolitan-Vickers, Dodds developed high-power thermionic valves. These valves were used in the transmitter part of equipment for...

speaker output for a particular venue. Amplifiers may be based on tube ("thermionic" or in the UK, "valve") or solid state (transistor) technology, or hybrid...

1957 – the first demonstration of a practical arc-mode caesium vapor thermionic converter by V. Wilson. Electrons from a hot cathode act as a working...

strokes using early cameras. J. Elster and H. F. Geitel, who also worked on thermionic emission, proposed a theory to explain thunderstorms' electrical structure...

Martsinovskiy, B. Ya. Moyzhes, G. E. Pikus, E. B. Sonin, and V. G. Yur’yev, Thermionic converters and low-temperature plasma, US Department of Energy (1978)...

ISBN 978-1579584641. Hong 2001, p. 156. Fleming, John Ambrose (1919). The Thermionic Valve and its Developments in Radiotelegraphy and Telephony. London: The...

Fluoroscopy Incandescent light bulb Movie camera Nickel–iron battery Thermionic emission Ticker tape Ventures Thomas A. Edison, Inc. Edison and Swan Electric...

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography and a flame thermionic detector (GC/FTD) has been developed for the determination of NMP and...

governing the impact of an electron upon an atom” “for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him”...

used in fuel cells and other devices that convert chemical, nuclear, or thermionic energy to electricity. The ceramic-to-metal seal is required to isolate...

way becoming the last student permitted to operate Oxford University's thermionic valve Ferranti Mercury computer. He was elected to a Research Lecturership...

from the barium oxide (BaO) coated cathode, which emits electrons via thermionic emission. The cathode is located near the end of the LAPD and is made...

Biggin Hill. In this year he took out a patent on electric vacuous bulb thermionic devices. In 1920 he succeeded Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton as president...

Argentina de Pesca. English engineer John Ambrose Fleming patents the first thermionic vacuum tube, the two-electrode diode ("oscillation valve" or Fleming valve)...

complete machine was not produced. 1906 United States Audion (vacuum tube or thermionic valve) invented by Lee De Forest. 1906 United States Herman Hollerith...

the performance of high-frequency transistors involving hot‐electron thermionic emission. This work was important to the development of layered semiconductor...

deep and used simple circuits, with approximately 1000 ex-Government thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) mainly 6J6s which were B7G-based double triodes...

was notable as the only set in the Clansman family to partially employ thermionic valves - a single conduction-cooled tetrode as the transmitter power amplifier...

digital technology: Avid Pro Tools HDX, Burl Audio, Millennia, GML, Manley, Thermionic Culture, Elysia, Solid State Logic, Crane Song, Argosy Console, TC Electronic...

idea for a quartz crystal clock which by using transistors in place of thermionic valves, made possible a much smaller quartz clock than was previously...

solids at high temperatures which was published by them in an article, Thermionic Constants of Metals and Semiconductors. II. Metals of the First Transition...

using photolithography: Electronics: capacitors diodes resistors sensors thermionic valves transistors wires Machinery: bearings electric motors gears hinges...

solar thermal energy generation. Batteryless radio Pyroelectric effect Thermionic converter Goldsmid, H. Julian (2016). Introduction to Thermoelectricity...

heating process, or using strictly radiative emissions via photovoltaic and thermionic generators. Heterogeneous combustors may be utilized for small-scale heating...

a life expectancy several thousand times better than the conventional thermionic tube, although they employ voltages of the same order. They are much cheaper...

electrodes. The term most commonly applies to a three-grid vacuum tube (thermionic valve), which was invented by the Dutchman Bernhard D.H. Tellegen in 1926...

to be found and the company started to manufacture radio parts such as thermionic valves and later a radio. Harold John Pye, William's son, joined the firm...

Diagrams & Forty Plates)" "Thermionic tubes in radio telegraphy and telephony" "Wireless Valves Simply Explained" "Thermionic Tubes in Radio Telegraphy...

electrons and ions enough kinetic energy to escape the material's surface. Thermionic emission is the fundamental mechanism underlying the vacuum tube. electret...

tungsten, which has the highest melting point of any metal, to handle the thermionic emission of electrons. Cathodes are often made from porous tungsten filled...

modelling of electric fields is itself directly useful in some fields such as thermionic valve design, the main practical use of the broader technique is for modelling...

specific elements to detect and quantify them Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector a thermionic detector with photometeric detection, sensitive specifically to nitrogen...

1970–1991. UCL Records Office, 2006 "GB226417 Improvements in or relating to thermionic valve circuits for wireless systems". World Intellectual Property Organization...

1926 to 1928, working under Robert Millikan on the relationship between thermionic and photoelectric emission. He then joined Washington University in St...

electrons, contributing experimental evidence for Richardson's law of thermionic emission. Working with Richardson, he published several papers on the...

J.E. Henderson, and her thesis topic was The Energy Losses Attending Thermionic and Field Emission of Electrons from Metals, a suitable background for...

Particularly important was the development of demountable high power thermionic valves which helped make possible the installation of the first radar...

Tesla (unit) Tesla coil Tetrode Thermal conductivity Thermal expansion Thermionic emission Thermistor Thermocouple Thermodynamic efficiency Thermodynamics...

Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Velocity Modulated Thermionic Tubes (1948) Thermionic Valves (1953) Space-charge Waves (1958) Words and Waves (1967)...

radio station, and by 1914 he had produced his first patent, relating to thermionic tubes. During World War I, 1914–1918, he served first at the front, working...

Edison Swan factory which led to the diode lamp and the invention of the thermionic valve, a vital early component of radio and television. The main bias...

1926 he employed his electronics skills to construct an amplifier using thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) for very small electrical currents. It was realized...

Marconi, is awarded a United States patent for the Fleming valve, the first thermionic vacuum tube, a two-electrode diode, which he calls the oscillation valve...

could be used to predict the constants of the photoelectric effect and thermionic effect in Volta's and Peltier's equations. In 1930 Perucca turned his...

(radio transmitter: see) transmitter (radio tube triode: see) vacuum tube (thermionic valve) (radio tuner) tuner (radio) (radio wave: see) radio frequency (RF)...

excitation, highly correlated systems, negative ions). Broader impacts: thermionic energy conversion, improved light sources, basic atomic data, particle...

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.45.29. —— (1934). "Voltage Stabilizer Controlled by a Thermionic Pentode". Review of Scientific Instruments. 5 (10): 371–375. Bibcode:1934RScI...

Formerly, the mercury-arc valve, the high-vacuum and gas-filled diode thermionic rectifiers, and triggered devices such as the thyratron and ignitron were...

Peters (January 1921). "Resistance Neutralization: An application of thermionic amplifier circuits". Journal of the AIEE. 41 (1). New York: American Institute...

considered "cold" if it emits more electrons than can be supplied by thermionic emission alone. It is used in gas-discharge lamps, such as neon lamps...

the daguerreotype cameras in 1841, making a fortune in the process. The thermionic cameras were made from brass, using round daguerreotype plates which exposed...

plasma physics or electrodynamics Thermal barrier coating Thermalisation Thermionic converter Thermodynamic temperature Thomson scattering Thunder Tokamak...

Heavy ions can also be generated with an ion gun which typically uses the thermionic emission of electrons to ionize a substance in its gaseous state. Such...

tantalum filaments are heated to create an electron-rich environment by thermionic emission. The plasma is then ignited by a DC discharge from the heated...

and its applications, and specially of his original invention of the thermionic valve, now so largely employed in wireless telegraphy and for other purposes'...

wavelengths 1920 Irving Langmuir Schenectady, New York "For his research in thermionic and allied phenomena" 1925 Henry Norris Russell Princeton, New Jersey...

Wireless World (May): 8. Williams, N. (1990). "The rise and fall of the thermionic valves or tubes - 2" (PDF). Electronics Australia (6): 42–47. Williamson...

copilot/navigator who doubled as a fire-control officer, using a Sperry Instruments "Thermionic" fire control system (originally developed for anti-aircraft cannon) combined...

standard. Present at the 1889 IEE paper discussion. Later invented the thermionic valve (1904) — the foundation of all electronics, radio, television, and...

set. Magnum sets from the E301 to the 3AS1691, with their wooden cases, thermionic valve and braille dial markings were issued between 1939 and 1943. Valve...

Kapeliovich and T. L. Perel'man, who were interested in the study of thermionic emission in metals under picosecond pulse illumination. In 1984, J. G...

Kinjiro; “On the Applications of Various Electronic Phenomena and the Thermionic Tubes of New Types,”Journal of the IEE of Japan, vol. 473 (Suppl. Issue)...

4 inches (2.24 m) tall, and weighed almost 1 long ton. It contained 550 thermionic valves – 300 diodes and 250 pentodes – and had a power consumption of...

resulting molecular ion. In an EI ion source, electrons are produced through thermionic emission by heating a wire filament that has electric current running...

a Urei 1176LN limiting amplifier to emphasize the ghost notes, and a Thermionic Culture Vulture to enhance the sound without causing digital domain issues...

plasma-assisted processes for surface treatment and coatings, in particular in thermionically enhanced plasma processes for nitrogen and carbon-diffusion treatments...

also known as vacuum tubes. Included in this portion of the syllabus are thermionic emissions with their characteristic curves, diodes, triodes and multi-electrode...

point of LIL V, electrons with an energy of 80 keV were created by a thermionic gun. LIL V then accelerated electrons at high currents to an energy of...

incompatibility (help) Hole, W. L.; Wright, R. W. (1939). "Emissive and Thermionic Characteristics of Uranium". Physical Review. 56 (8): 785–787. Bibcode:1939PhRv...

Richardson 1928 Professor of Physics (1906–1913) "for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him...

1-D current models due to carrier transport based on tunnelling and/or thermionic emission mechanisms, a 2-D electrical model explained non uniformity degradation...

not by a great amount. Early computers used thousands of vacuum tubes (thermionic valves) which used a lot of electricity and constantly needed replacing...

1 Kuvaputki 2 Cathode Ray Tube 3 SET 1 Alku Thermionic Emission Vidsync 2 Maa Electron Gun Vidsync2 3 Toisto Control Grid Spore 4 Johto 4 Cruciform Transverse...

of the spark gap was directly connected to the antenna. Receivers with thermionic valves became commonplace before spark-gap transmitters were replaced...

implementation of a fs-resolved transmission electron microscope based on thermionic gun technology". Chemical Physics. 423: 79–84. Bibcode:2013CP....423....

Thermal velocity Thermalisation Thermally stimulated current spectroscopy Thermionic emission Thermionics Thermistor Thermo-dielectric effect Thermo-migration...

office in Britain. 16 November – John Ambrose Fleming patents the first thermionic vacuum tube, the two-electrode diode ("oscillation valve" or Fleming valve)...

Richardson wins the 1928 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him"...

physicist who received the 1928 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discoveries in thermionic emission and for his development of Richardson's law. The French ocean...