Task system

The task system is a system of labor under slavery characteristic in the Americas. It is usually regarded as less brutal than other forms of enslaved persons' labor. Under this system, each enslaved person is assigned a specific task to complete for the day. After that task is finished, the enslaved person is then free to do as he or she wishes with the remaining time. The other form, known as the gang system, was harsher.[1] The gang system forced the enslaved people to work until the planter said they were finished and allowed them almost no freedom. Whether planters organized their enslaved people on the task or gang system had much to do with the type of crops they harvested. Tobacco and sugar cultivation was organized into gangs since those crops required considerable processing and supervision. Coffee, rice, cotton, and pimento were comparatively hardier plants where extensive supervision was unnecessary, leading planters to favor the task system on their plantations.[2]

Early rice task system

Evidence suggests that the task system, in some places, included a gender dimension. The women laborers played a major role in the work force for rice cultivation in South Carolina. This was a division of labor that transferred directly from West African cultures. Women were responsible for the planting, weeding, harvesting, threshing, and polishing of the rice crop. Men were responsible for building canals and rice fields, flooding and draining fields, and protecting the crops from animals. Some of these tasks were more desirable than others, for example the moving of pluff mudd would have been a task that was dreaded in the Lowcountry because of the cold, oyster filled conditions. [3]

This gendered division of labor that was already in place in the African tribal systems of rice cultivation before the Atlantic slave trade brought the enslaved people over to the American colonies. It was an aspect of the constellation of skills and technologies used in traditional African rice cultivation. The enslaved people used this knowledge to bargain with the planters to gain more control over their work. It gave the planters a greater knowledge of this new and non-indigenous form of farming.[4]

"Planters knew that slaves grew rice; they also know which ethnic groups specialized in its cultivation. This knowledge came from their sustained contact with slaves in shaping the Carolina frontier and growing food staples for mutual survival."[5]

The highly developed and knowledgeable skills concerning rice planting possessed by enslaved people led to their successful ability to use these skills as a bargaining chip in determining the length and conditions of their bondage in the Americas. [6]

See also

References

  1. ^ Judith Carney, Black Rice, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001): 98-101
  2. ^ Philip D. Morgan, "Work and Culture: The Task System and the World of Lowcountry Blacks, 1700 to 1880," William and Mary Quarterly 39, no. 4 (October 1982), 568;Black Rice : 99
  3. ^ Judith Carney, Black Rice, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001): 108
  4. ^ Judith Carney, Black Rice, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001) : 78-106
  5. ^ Black Rice : 89
  6. ^ Judith Carney, "Black Rice", (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001): 68

Read other articles:

Meidensha

Meidensha Corporation株式会社明電舎JenisPublik K.K.Kode emitenTYO: 6508Templat:NAGKomponen Nikkei 225IndustriPeralatan listrikDidirikan22 Desember 1897PendiriHosui ShigemuneKantorpusatThinkPark Tower, 2-1-1 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-6029 JepangTokohkunciYuji Hamasaki, (Chairman)Takeshi Miida, (Presiden)ProdukSistem infrastruktur sosialSistem industriPerawatan dan perbaikanLahan yasanPendapatan JPY 230,3 milyar (FY 2014) (US$ 1,91 milyar) (FY 2014)Laba bersih JPY 6,8 milyar (FY 20...

 

Azamat Shogenov

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Azamat ShogenovInformasi pribadiNama lengkap Azamat Amirovich ShogenovTanggal lahir 22 Februari 1989 (umur 35)Tinggi 1,88 m (6 ft 2 in)Posisi bermain Penjaga gawangInformasi klubKlub saat ini FC Spartak KostromaKarier senior*Tahun ...

 

Strada statale 56 di Gorizia

Strada statale 56di GoriziaDenominazioni precedentiStrada statale 56 di Aidussina Denominazioni successiveStrada regionale 56 di Gorizia LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regioni Friuli-Venezia Giulia DatiClassificazioneStrada statale InizioUdine FineGorizia Lunghezza41,808 km Provvedimento di istituzioneLegge 17 maggio 1928, n. 1094 GestoreFriuli Venezia Giulia Strade Manuale La ex strada statale 56 di Gorizia (SS 56), ora strada regionale 56 di Gorizia (SR 56), è una strada regionale de...

Richard D. Adams

Richard Donald AdamsLahir(1909-06-14)14 Juni 1909Ambridge, PennsylvaniaMeninggal5 September 1987(1987-09-05) (umur 78)San Francisco, CaliforniaDikebumikanGolden Gate National CemeteryPengabdian Amerika SerikatDinas/cabang Angkatan Laut Amerika SerikatLama dinas1932-1965 [1]Pangkat Laksamana MudaKomandanNaval Reserve Sub-Repair Division 12-34 Naval Reserve (Surface) Brigade 12-2 Naval Reserve Group 12-6 (L) Perang/pertempuranPerang Dunia II •Kampanye Filipina •Pertem...

 

Préambule de la Constitution de la Cinquième République française

Cet article est une ébauche concernant le droit français. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Le préambule de la Constitution de la Cinquième République française est un texte d'introduction à la Constitution française. Sa portée juridique réside principalement dans des renvois à la Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen de 1789, au préambule de la Constitution du 27 octobre 194...

 

Article 74-1 de la Constitution de la Cinquième République française

Cet article est une ébauche concernant le droit français. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Article 74-1 de la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958 Données clés Présentation Pays France Langue(s) officielle(s) Français Type Article de la Constitution Adoption et entrée en vigueur Législature XIIe législature de la Cinquième République française Gouvernement Jean-Pierre Raffarin (2e) Promulgat...

1948 en France

Chronologies Bus à la frontière entre l'Allemagne et la France en 1948.Données clés 1945 1946 1947  1948  1949 1950 1951Décennies :1910 1920 1930  1940  1950 1960 1970Siècles :XVIIIe XIXe  XXe  XXIe XXIIeMillénaires :-Ier Ier  IIe  IIIe Chronologies géographiques Afrique Afrique du Sud, Algérie, Angola, Bénin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroun, Cap-Vert, République centrafricaine, Comores, République du Congo, Républ...

 

Ludruk

Pementasan Ludruk Ludruk adalah suatu kesenian drama tradisional dari Jawa Timur. Ludruk merupakan suatu drama tradisional yang diperagakan oleh sebuah grup kesenian yang dipergelarkan di sebuah panggung dengan mengambil cerita tentang kehidupan rakyat sehari-hari, cerita perjuangan, dan sebagainya yang diselingi dengan lawakan dan diiringi dengan gamelan sebagai musik. Ludruk termasuk dalam drama [1][2][3] Karakter pertunjukan Tari Remo, diperagakan sebagai pembuka pe...

 

Prima Lega 1973-1974 (calcio)

Prima Lega 1973-1974Prima Lega Competizione Prima Lega Sport Calcio Edizione 71ª Organizzatore ASF-SFV Date dal 24 agosto 1973al 30 giugno 1974 Luogo Svizzera Partecipanti 39 Formula 3 gironi all'italiana + fase finale. Risultati Vincitore  Raron(1º titolo) Promozioni  Raron Giubiasco Retrocessioni  Thun Urania Ginevra Moutier Deitingen Rapid Lugano Rorschach Statistiche Miglior marcatore ??? Incontri disputati 468+12 Cronologi...

Quodlibet

Quodlibet dari buku lagu Hieronymus Lauweryn Watervliet Quodlibet adalah nama yang pertama kali diberikan oleh Wolfgang Schmeltzl pada tahun 1554 kepada komposisi yang terdiri dari banyak suara, sering kali vokal, dipadu dari berbagai fragmen nyanyian atau lagu yang saat itu dikenal.[1] Disusun agar terdengar kocak, bisa dinyanyikan serempak, sambung menyambung atau berganti-ganti.[1] Quodlibet terutama populer pada abad ke-15 dan ke-16.[2] Quodlibet yang terkenal adal...

 

コルク

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: コルク – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL（2017年4月） コルクを打ち抜いて作った瓶の栓 コルク（木栓、�...

 

Hall Island (Alaska)

Island in the Bering Sea in Alaska For other uses, see Hall Island. class=notpageimage| Location in Alaska Hall Island (Russian: Холл) is a small island located 3.5 miles (5.6 km) to the northwest of St. Matthew Island in the Bering Sea in Alaska, United States. It serves as a haulout site for Pacific walrus. It is 5 miles (8 km) in length and has a land area of 6.2 square miles (16 km2). The highest point is 1,610 feet (490 m). Hall Island is uninhabited. It is part o...

2014 North Carolina's 12th congressional district special election

United States election 2014 North Carolina's 12th congressional district special election ← 2012 November 4, 2014 2014 → North Carolina's 12th congressional district   Nominee Alma Adams Vince Coakley Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 127,668 41,578 Percentage 75.4% 24.6% County results U.S. Representative before election Mel Watt Democratic Elected U.S. Representative Alma Adams Democratic Elections in North Carolina Federal government U.S. President 17...

 

Green Bay Packers 2002

Green Bay PackersStagione 2002Sport football americano Squadra Green Bay Packers Allenatore Mike Sherman Manager StadioLambeau Field RisultatiNFL 200212-4primi nella NFC North Play-offSconfitta nel wild card round (Falcons) Statistiche individualiPro BowlerQB Brett FavreRB Ahman GreenWR Donald DriverTE Bubba FranksG Marco RiveraFS Darren Sharper Cronologia delle stagioni 2001 2003 La stagione 2002 dei Green Bay Packers è stata la 82ª della franchigia nella National Football League.[...

 

Everything's Gonna Be Alright (David Lee Murphy and Kenny Chesney song)

2017 single by David Lee Murphy with Kenny ChesneyEverything's Gonna Be AlrightSingle by David Lee Murphy with Kenny Chesneyfrom the album No Zip Code ReleasedNovember 6, 2017 (2017-11-06)Recorded2017GenreCountry pop,[1] reggae[1]Length3:49LabelReviverSongwriter(s)David Lee MurphyJimmy YearyChris StevensProducer(s)Buddy CannonKenny ChesneyDavid Lee MurphyDavid Lee Murphy singles chronology Inspiration (2004) Everything's Gonna Be Alright (2017) I Won't Be S...

Dipsacales

Order of dicotyledonous flowering plants Dipsacales Scabiosa ochroleuca Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Asterids Clade: Campanulids Order: DipsacalesJuss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl[1] Families Adoxaceae (moschatel family) Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle family) The Dipsacales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons. In the APG III system of 2009, the order includes only two...

 

Bandar Udara North Las Vegas

North Las Vegas AirportIATA: VGTICAO: KVGTFAA LID: VGTInformasiJenisPublicPengelolaClark CountyMelayaniLas Vegas, NevadaLokasiNorth Las Vegas, NevadaKetinggian dpl672 mdplKoordinat36°12′38″N 115°11′40″W / 36.21056°N 115.19444°W / 36.21056; -115.19444Landasan pacu Arah Panjang Permukaan kaki m 7/25 5,004 1,525 Aspal 12R/30L 5,000 1,524 Aspal 12L/30R 4,202 1,281 Aspal Statistik (2007)Aircraft operations225,979Based aircraft686Source: Federal Aviatio...

 

Athénée royal Isabelle Gatti de Gamond

Athénée royal Isabelle Gatti de Gamond Histoire et statut Fondation 1864 par Isabelle Gatti de Gamond Type École secondaire générale publique Administration Tutelles Wallonie-Bruxelles Enseignement Réseau Enseignement officiel Directeur Bertrand Wilquet Études Population scolaire 1 012 (2017) Enseignants 103 (2017) Localisation Ville Bruxelles Pays Belgique Site web www.argattidegamond.be Données clés Coordonnées 50° 51′ nord, 4° 21′ est Géolocalisat...

HKBP Distrik XXXIII Barus Raya (Persiapan)

Distrik Persiapan XXXIII Barus RayaGereja HKBP Saragih, Ressort Manduamas BaratGerejaHuria Kristen Batak ProtestanKantorJl. Cornel Simanjuntak no. 11, Sihorbo, Barus Utara, Kabupaten Tapanuli TengahWilayah pelayananKabupaten Tapanuli Tengah (bagian utara)Ressort11 [1]Gereja65[1]Tempat ibadah non-gereja (parmingguon)1[1]Jumlah anggota jemaat19.705 jiwa[2] Keluarga (Ripe)4.967[2]Bapak (Ama)3.769[2]Ibu (Ina)4.703[2]Pemuda (Naposobulung)5.68...

 

Адгезия

Когезия вынуждает воду формировать капли, поверхностное натяжение делает их почти сферическими, а адгезия держит их на поверхности другого вещества Капли росы на лепестках розы как пример адгезии Адге́зия (от лат. adhaesio — «прилипание») в физике — сцепление повер...