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TNP2
Identifiers
Aliases	TNP2, TP2, transition protein 2 (during histone to protamine replacement), transition protein 2
External IDs	OMIM: 190232; MGI: 98785; HomoloGene: 3958; GeneCards: TNP2; OMA:TNP2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (human)
End	11,269,533 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (mouse)
End	10,606,524 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	sperm; ; left testis; ; testicle; ; right testis; ; gonad; ; right coronary artery; ; human musculoskeletal system; ; muscular system; ; muscle; ; muscle;
	Top expressed in
	seminiferous tubule; ; spermatid; ; spermatocyte; ; embryo; ; morula; ; morula; ; blastocyst; ; skeletal muscle tissue; ; central gray substance of midbrain; ; nucleus of stria terminalis;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	DNA binding; metal ion binding; zinc ion binding;
Cellular component	male germ cell nucleus; nucleosome; nucleus; chromosome;
Biological process	multicellular organism development; cell differentiation; spermatogenesis; acrosome reaction; penetration of zona pellucida; positive regulation of protein processing;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	7142
	21959
	ENSG00000178279
	ENSMUSG00000043050
	Q05952
	P11378
	NM_005425
	NM_013694
	NP_005416
	NP_038722
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Nuclear transition protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNP2 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000178279 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000043050 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Engel W, Keime S, Kremling H, Hameister H, Schluter G (Nov 1992). "The genes for protamine 1 and 2 (PRM1 and PRM2) and transition protein 2 (TNP2) are closely linked in the mammalian genome". Cytogenet Cell Genet. 61 (2): 158–9. doi:10.1159/000133397. PMID 1395729.
^ Baskaran R, Rao MR (Jan 1991). "Interaction of spermatid-specific protein TP2 with nucleic acids, in vitro. A comparative study with TP1". J Biol Chem. 265 (34): 21039–47. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)45324-5. PMID 2250010.
^ "Entrez Gene: TNP2 transition protein 2 (during histone to protamine replacement)".

Schlüter G, Kremling H, Engel W (1992). "The gene for human transition protein 2: nucleotide sequence, assignment to the protamine gene cluster, and evidence for its low expression". Genomics. 14 (2): 377–83. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80229-0. PMID 1385303.
Kundu TK, Rao MR (1995). "DNA condensation by the rat spermatidal protein TP2 shows GC-rich sequence preference and is zinc dependent". Biochemistry. 34 (15): 5143–50. doi:10.1021/bi00015a027. PMID 7711033.
Nelson JE, Krawetz SA (1995). "Characterization of a human locus in transition". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (49): 31067–73. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47391-7. PMID 7983046.
Nelson JE, Krawetz SA (1993). "Linkage of human spermatid-specific basic nuclear protein genes. Definition and evolution of the P1-->P2-->TP2 locus". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (4): 2932–6. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53863-1. PMID 8428967.
Kundu TK, Rao MR (1997). "Zinc dependent recognition of a human CpG island sequence by the mammalian spermatidal protein TP2". Biochemistry. 35 (49): 15626–32. doi:10.1021/bi961271i. PMID 8961924.
Steger K, Klonisch T, Gavenis K, et al. (1999). "Expression of mRNA and protein of nucleoproteins during human spermiogenesis". Mol. Hum. Reprod. 4 (10): 939–45. doi:10.1093/molehr/4.10.939. PMID 9809674.
Wyckoff GJ, Wang W, Wu CI (2000). "Rapid evolution of male reproductive genes in the descent of man". Nature. 403 (6767): 304–9. Bibcode:2000Natur.403..304W. doi:10.1038/35002070. PMID 10659848. S2CID 3136139.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Wykes SM, Krawetz SA (2003). "The structural organization of sperm chromatin". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (32): 29471–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M304545200. PMID 12775710.
Miyagawa Y, Nishimura H, Tsujimura A, et al. (2006). "Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and mutation analyses of the TNP1 and TNP2 genes of fertile and infertile human male populations". J. Androl. 26 (6): 779–86. doi:10.2164/jandrol.05069. PMID 16291974.
Jedrzejczak P, Kempisty B, Bryja A, et al. (2007). "Quantitative assessment of transition proteins 1, 2 spermatid-specific linker histone H1-like protein transcripts in spermatozoa from normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic men". Arch. Androl. 53 (4): 199–205. doi:10.1080/01485010701426430. PMID 17852044. S2CID 21999596.