St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle

"St George's Chapel" redirects here. For other uses, see St George's Chapel (disambiguation).

St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
The King's Free Chapel of the College of St George, Windsor Castle
Map
51°29′01″N 00°36′25″W / 51.48361°N 0.60694°W / 51.48361; -0.60694
LocationWindsor
CountryEngland
DenominationChurch of England
Previous denominationRoman Catholicism
ChurchmanshipHigh Church
Websitestgeorges-windsor.org
History
StatusChapel
Founded1475
DedicationSt George
Architecture
Functional statusActive
Heritage designationGrade I listed
StyleGothic
Years built1475
Completed1511
Specifications
Capacity800
Administration
DioceseJurisdiction: Royal Peculiar
Location: Oxford
DeaneryDean and Canons of Windsor
Clergy
DeanChristopher Cocksworth
PrecentorMartin Poll (Chaplain)
Canon(s)Mark Powell (Steward)
Canon TreasurerHueston Finlay (Vice-Dean)
Laity
Organist/Director of musicJames Vivian
Music group(s)Choir of St George's Chapel

St George's Chapel, formally titled The King's Free Chapel of the College of St George, Windsor Castle, at Windsor Castle in England is a castle chapel built in the late-medieval Perpendicular Gothic style. It is a Royal Peculiar (a church under the direct jurisdiction of the monarch), and the Chapel of the Order of the Garter. St George's Chapel was founded in the 14th century by King Edward III and extensively enlarged in the late 15th century. It is located in the Lower Ward of the castle.[1]

The castle has belonged to the monarchy for almost 1,000 years. The chapel has been the scene of many royal services, weddings and burials – in the 19th century, St George's Chapel and the nearby Frogmore Gardens superseded Westminster Abbey as the chosen burial place for the British royal family.[2] The running of the chapel is the responsibility of the dean and Canons of Windsor who make up the College of Saint George. They are assisted by a clerk, verger and other staff. The Society of the Friends of St George's and Descendants of the Knights of the Garter, a registered charity, was established in 1931 to assist the college in maintaining the chapel.

History

Development of the building

St George's Chapel (left) at Windsor Castle in 1848, showing the absence of the Queen's Beasts on the pinnacles (since replaced). Watercolour by Joseph Nash

In 1348, King Edward III founded two religious colleges: St Stephen's at Westminster and St George's at Windsor. The new college at Windsor was attached to the Chapel of St Edward the Confessor which had been constructed by Henry III in the early thirteenth century. The chapel was then re-dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, George the Martyr and Edward the Confessor, but soon became known only by its dedication to St George.[3] Edward III also built the Aerary Porch in 1353–54.[4]

The Choir of St George's Chapel, by Charles Wild, from W. H. Pyne's Royal Residences, 1818
A close-up photograph of a building made with black timbers and red brick. The building has four tall, brick chimneys. A relatively modern drainpipe comes down the middle of the building.
The Horseshoe Cloister, built in 1480 and reconstructed in the 19th century

The period 1475–1528 saw a radical redevelopment of St George's Chapel set in motion by Edward IV and continued by Henry VII under the supervision of his most esteemed counsellor, Sir Reginald Bray, and by Henry VIII. The thirteenth-century Chapel of St Edward the Confessor was enlarged into a cathedral-like space under the direction of Richard Beauchamp, Bishop of Salisbury, and the master mason, Henry Janyns.[5]

The Chapel suffered a great deal of destruction during the English Civil War. Parliamentary forces broke into and plundered the chapel and treasury on 23 October 1642. Further pillage occurred in 1643 when the fifteenth-century chapter house was destroyed, lead was stripped off the chapel roofs, and elements of Henry VIII's unfinished funeral monument were stolen. Following his execution in 1649, Charles I was buried in a small vault in the centre of the choir at St George's Chapel, which also contained the coffins of Henry VIII and Queen Jane (née Seymour).[6]

During his life and reign, King George III was responsible for reigniting royal interest in Windsor Castle, which had been much overlooked after the House of Hanover came to the throne of the Great Britain in 1714. On 12 August 1776 the royal family first attended the Sunday morning service at St George's Chapel – which they called "the Cathedral". George III was committed to St George's Chapel; he inspired and in large part funded an extensive restoration of the chapel from 1780 to 1790.[7]

The reign of Queen Victoria saw further changes made to the structure of the chapel. The east end of the choir was reworked in memory of Prince Albert. The Lady Chapel, which had been abandoned by Henry VII, was completed and renamed the Albert Memorial Chapel.[8]

By the early twentieth century, the bowing walls, cracked vaulting, decayed stone and stripped lead required urgent attention. In 1920 a much needed ten-year restoration project began at George's Chapel, overseen by the consulting architect Sir Harold Brakspear.[9] As part of this programme, Mahomet Thomas Phillips – an Anglo-Congolese sculptor – produced a falcon and a unicorn in 1923.[10]

The King George VI Memorial Chapel was constructed in 1969 between the Rutland Chapel and the north choir of St George's Chapel to a design by George Pace.[11]

St George's Chapel in the Lower Ward at centre right, partially behind tree

The Royal Beasts

The Royal Beasts shown atop the pinnacles

On the roof of the chapel, standing on the pinnacles, and also on pinnacles at the sides, are seventy-six heraldic statues representing the Royal Beasts. They represent fourteen of the heraldic animals: the lion of England, the red dragon of Wales, the panther of Jane Seymour, the falcon of York, the black bull of Clarence, the yale of Beaufort, the white lion of Mortimer, the greyhound of Richmond, the white hart of Richard II, the collared silver antelope of Bohun, the black dragon of Ulster, the white swan of Hereford, the unicorn of Edward III and the golden hind of Kent.[12]

The original beasts dated from the sixteenth century, but were removed in 1682 on the advice of Sir Christopher Wren. Wren had criticised the Reigate Stone, the calcareous sandstone from which they were constructed. The present statues date from 1925 when the chapel was restored.[13][14]

The choir of St George's Chapel

The choristers of St George's Chapel are boarders at St George's School, Windsor Castle.[15]

Dean and Canons

Further information: Dean and Canons of Windsor § Current chapter

Order of the Garter

Garter Service

Further information: Order of the Garter
Emblem of the Order of the Garter
Members of the public outside St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle, waiting for the Garter Procession

Members of the Order of the Garter meet at Windsor Castle every June for the annual Garter Service. After lunch in the State Apartments (Upper Ward of the Castle), they process on foot in their robes and insignia, down to St George's Chapel for the service. The Garter Service was revived in 1948 by King George VI for the 600th anniversary of the founding of the Order and has since become an annual event.[16]

Heraldry

Interior of the chapel

After their installation, members are each assigned a stall in the chapel choir above which his or her heraldic devices are displayed. A member's sword is placed beneath a helmet which is decorated with a mantling and topped with a crest, coronet or crown. Above this, a member's heraldic banner is hoisted emblazoned with his arms.[17]

A Garter stall plate, a small elaborately enamelled plate of brass, is affixed to the back of the stall displaying its member's name and arms with other inscriptions. On a member's death, the sword, helmet, mantling, crest, coronet or crown, and banner are removed. A service marking the death of a late member must be held before the stall can be assigned to anyone else. The ceremony takes place in the chapel, during which the Military Knights of Windsor carry the banner of the deceased member and offer it to the Dean of Windsor, who places it on the altar. The stall plates, however, are not removed. They remain permanently affixed to the stall, so the stalls of the chapel are emblazoned with a collection of 800 plates of the members throughout history.[18]

Chantries

Tierceron-lierne vaulting of the choir and fan vaulting of the crossing of St George's Chapel, with the Garter banners on either side below

St George's Chapel is among the most important medieval chantry foundations to have survived in England. The college was itself part of a medieval chantry, and there are a number of other chantry elements in the form of altars and small chapels in memory of various English monarchs and of a number of prominent courtiers, deans and canons. Special services and prayers would also be offered in memory of the founder. Henry VIII had originally intended another chantry to be set up in the chapel, despite the fact that his ecclesiastical changes led to the Reformation in England and the eventual suppression of chantries.[19]

The much-admired iron gates in the sanctuary of the chapel as well as the locks on the doors of the chapel are the work of the medieval Cornish metalsmith John Tresilian.[20]

Rutland Chantry

Monumental brass in St Leger Chantry to Anne of York (1439–1476) and her second husband Thomas St Leger (c. 1440 – 1483), founder of the chapel

The Rutland Chantry chapel, forming the northern transept of St George's Chapel, was founded in 1491 in honour of Sir Thomas St Leger (c. 1440–1483) and Anne of York (1439–1476).[21] Sir Thomas was Anne's second husband. She was the eldest surviving daughter of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and thus elder sister of kings Edward IV (1442–1483) and Richard III (1452–1485). A monumental brass in memory of Anne and Sir Thomas survives on the east wall of the Rutland Chantry, the inscription of which records that the chantry was founded "with two priests singing forevermore":

"Wythin thys Chappell lyethe beryed Anne Duchess of Exetur suster unto the noble kyng Edward the forte. And also the body of syr Thomas Sellynger knyght her husband which hathe funde within thys College a Chauntre with too prestys sy’gyng for ev’more. On whose soule god have mercy. The wych Anne duchess dyed in the yere of oure lorde M Thowsande CCCCl xxv"[22]

The chantry received its current name in honour of the Earls of Rutland, descendants of Anne and Sir Thomas: their daughter, also Anne, married George Manners, 11th Baron Ros, and their son was Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland. The tomb of George and Anne Manners is a prominent feature of the chantry. Their effigies are carved in English alabaster.[21]

The chantry comprises five panels which represent the Annunciation, the Visitation, the Adoration of the Magi, the Temptations of Christ in the wilderness and the Miracle at Cana. They were commissioned from embroiderer Beryl Dean and took five years to complete. Only one panel is normally on display to the public, but the others may be seen on request.[23]

Weddings

Wedding of the Prince of Wales and Alexandra of Denmark, in 1863

The chapel has been the site of many royal weddings, particularly of the children of Queen Victoria. They have included:

Year Groom Bride
1863 Albert Edward, Prince of Wales Princess Alexandra of Denmark
1866 Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein The Princess Helena
1871 John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne The Princess Louise
1879 Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
1880 Alphons, Baron von Pawel-Rammingen Princess Frederica of Hanover
1882 Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany Princess Helen of Waldeck and Pyrmont
1891 Prince Aribert of Anhalt Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein
1904 Prince Alexander of Teck Princess Alice of Albany
1905 Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden Princess Margaret of Connaught
1919 Major John Gibbs Lady Helena Cambridge
1957 David Liddell-Grainger Anne Abel Smith
1992 Timothy Taylor Lady Helen Windsor
1999 The Prince Edward Sophie Rhys-Jones[24]
2008 Peter Phillips Autumn Kelly[25]
2018 Prince Henry of Wales Meghan Markle[26]
Jack Brooksbank Princess Eugenie of York[27]
2019 Thomas Kingston Lady Gabriella Windsor[28]

Charles III, then-Prince of Wales, and Queen Camilla, then-Duchess of Cornwall received a blessing from the Archbishop of Canterbury following their marriage in 2005.[29]

Burials

The chapel has been the site of many royal funerals and interments. People interred in the Chapel include:

Altar

Quire

Royal Vault

Near West Door

  • George V, King of the United Kingdom and Emperor of India, in 1936 (originally interred in the Royal Vault)[30]
  • Mary of Teck, Queen of the United Kingdom and Empress of India, in 1953; wife of George V[30]

King George VI Memorial Chapel

Main article: King George VI Memorial Chapel
  • George VI, King of the United Kingdom, Emperor of India and Head of the Commonwealth, on 26 March 1969 (originally interred in the Royal Vault on 15 February 1952, and moved to the chapel following its construction)
  • Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, in 2002; daughter of George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (ashes buried here after cremation in Slough)[30]
  • Elizabeth (née Bowes-Lyon), Queen of the United Kingdom and Empress of India, in 2002; wife of George VI[30]
  • Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, in 2022 (originally interred in the Royal Vault in 2021 and moved to the chapel upon his wife's death); husband of Elizabeth II[30]
  • Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom and Head of the Commonwealth, in 2022[30]

Albert Memorial Chapel

Gloucester Vault

Others

Former burials

In literature

  • Wenceslaus Hollar. View and Ground Plan of St. George's Chapel, Windsor c. 1671.[32][33][34]
  • John Henry Le Keux. St. George's Chapel, Windsor. Ground Plan 1810. Engraved after a plan by F. Mackenzie, published in Britton's Architectural antiquities of Great Britain, 1807. Copper-engraved antique plan.[35][36]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ "Harry and Meghan to wed at Windsor in May". BBC News. 28 November 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  2. ^ Petter, Olivia (16 October 2020). "What will happen when the Queen dies and where will she be buried". The Independent. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  3. ^ P H Ditchfield; William Page, eds. (1907). "Collegiate churches: Windsor (St George's chapel)". A History of the County of Berkshire: Volume 2. Victoria County History. p. 106.
  4. ^ "The Aerary Porch". St. George's Chapel website. Archived from the original on 15 September 2006. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  5. ^ James, Sara N. (2016). Art in England: The Saxons to the Tudors: 600–1600. Oxbow Books. p. 216. ISBN 978-1785702266.
  6. ^ "12 November 1537 – Jane Seymour's remains moved to Windsor". The Tudor Society. 12 November 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  7. ^ "The legacy of King George III". St George's Chapel. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  8. ^ "The Wolsey Chapel". St George's Chapel. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  9. ^ Baillie, Albert (13 February 1931). "The Restoration of St George's Chapel, Windsor". Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 79 (4082): 306–319. JSTOR 41358709. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  10. ^ Hughes, H (17 October 2022). "Mahomet Thomas Phillips Part 2". University of Lincoln.
  11. ^ Keay, Douglas (15 February 2002). "Princess Margaret's ashes to rest by her father". The Times. No. 67375. p. 3. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  12. ^ "Windsor Royal Beasts on St George's Chapel roof". Wordpress. 6 July 2008. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  13. ^ London, H. Stanford (1953). "The" Queen's Beasts: An Account with New Drawings of the Heraldic Animals Witch Stood at the Entrance to Westminster Abbey on the Occasion of the Coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II., 2. June 1953. Newman Neame. p. 15.
  14. ^ "Sir Frederick Minter". The Times. 15 July 1976. p. 19.
  15. ^ Wridgway, Neville (1980). The Choristers of St George's Chapel. Chas. Luff & Co. p. 132.
  16. ^ "Order of the Garter Timeline" (PDF). The Companion. 2015. p. 3. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  17. ^ "St George's Chapel Banners of Arms Hand-Painted by Flagmakers". Flagmakers. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  18. ^ "Register of Stall Plates in St George's Chapel" (PDF). The Companion. p. 18. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  19. ^ Lindley, Phillip (18 July 2013). "'Pickpurse' Purgatory, the Dissolution of the Chantries and the Suppression of Intercession for the Dead". Journal of the British Archaeological Association. 164: 277–304. doi:10.1179/174767011X13184281108289. S2CID 194045544. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  20. ^ Blackburne, Harry W. (2008). The Romance of St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. Wildside Press. pp. 14–. ISBN 978-1434474285.
  21. ^ a b Eleanor Cracknell (15 July 2011). "The Rutland Chantry". College of St George. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
  22. ^ "The Roos Monument in the Rutland Chantry Chapel". St George's Chapel. 10 September 2010. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  23. ^ "Beryl Dean Panels". College of St George. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  24. ^ "Britain's Prince Edward, Sophie Rhys-Jones marry as royals look on". CNN. 19 June 1999. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
  25. ^ "Royal marries in Windsor wedding". BBC News. 17 May 2008. Archived from the original on 18 May 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008.
  26. ^ Yeginsu, Ceylan (2 March 2018). "Prince Harry and Meghan Markle Invite Members of Public to Wedding Day". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  27. ^ Furness, Hannah; Horton, Helena (12 October 2018). "Prince Andrew says Princess Eugenie will have more guests at her wedding than Duke and Duchess of Sussex did". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  28. ^ "Royals at Lady Gabriella Windsor wedding". BBC News. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  29. ^ "Timetable of Royal wedding day, 9 April 2005". BBC News. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi "Royal Burials in the Chapel since 1805". College of St George. 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
  31. ^ "The Roos Monument in the Rutland Chantry Chapel". College of St George. 10 September 2010.
  32. ^ "View and Ground Plan of St. George's Chapel, Windsor – Wenceslaus Hollar". 21 June 2016.
  33. ^ "View and Ground Plan of St. George's Chapel, Windsor – Wenceslaus Hollar". 8 May 2015.
  34. ^ "View and Ground Plan of St. George's Chapel, Windsor – Wenceslaus Hollar". 21 June 2016.
  35. ^ "Picture" (JPG). www.antiqueprints.co.
  36. ^ "Free stock images for genealogy and ancestry researchers". www.ancestryimages.com.

Sources

Wikimedia Commons has media related to St. George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle.

Read other articles:

Self-censorship

Act of censoring or classifying one's own discourseSelf-censorship is the act of censoring or classifying one's own discourse. This is done out of fear of, or deference to, the sensibilities or preferences (actual or perceived) of others and without overt pressure from any specific party or institution of authority. Self-censorship is often practiced by film producers, film directors, publishers, news anchors, journalists, musicians, and other kinds of authors including individuals who use so...

 

Blic

Serbian newspaper BlicTypeDaily newspaperFormatTabloidOwner(s)RingierPublisherRingier Serbia doo.EditorMarko StjepanovićFounded16 September 1996; 27 years ago (1996-09-16)Political alignmentPopulismCivic nationalismSensationalismAnti-Russian sentiment[1]HeadquartersŽorža Klemansoa 19, Belgrade, SerbiaCirculation~58,000 copies sold (2016)Websiteblic.rs Blic (Cyrillic: Блиц, [ˈbliːt͡s]) is a daily middle-market tabloid newspaper in Serbia. Founded in ...

 

Stadion Ticha

Multi-purpose stadium in Varna, Bulgaria Stadion TichaLocationVarna, BulgariaCoordinates43°12′57″N 27°55′53″E / 43.21583°N 27.93139°E / 43.21583; 27.93139OwnerVarna MunicipalityOperatorCherno More VarnaCapacity6,250SurfaceGrassConstructionBroke ground1935Built1935Opened1935Renovated1961, 1968, 2008, 2015TenantsTichaCherno More Varna (1935–present) Stadion Ticha (Bulgarian: Стадион „Тича“, English: 'Ticha Stadium') is a multi-purpose stadium...

Thomas Müntzer

German preacher and theologian (c. 1489 – 1525) Thomas Muentzer redirects here. For the 1956 East German film, see Thomas Muentzer (film). Thomas MüntzerMüntzer, imagined in a 1608 engraving by Christoffel Van Sichem[a]Bornc. 1489Stolberg, County of Stolberg, Holy Roman EmpireDied27 May 1525 (aged 35–36)Free Imperial City of Mühlhausen, Holy Roman EmpireOccupation(s)Radical Reformation preacher, theologian, early ReformerSignature Part of a series on theReformati...

 

Daftar Wakil Bupati Kuningan

Wakil Bupati KuninganLambang Kabupaten KuninganPetahanaJabatan Kosongsejak 4 Desember 2023Masa jabatan5 TahunDibentuk4 Desember 2003Pejabat pertamaAan SuharsoSitus webkuningankab.go.id Wakil Bupati Kuningan adalah politisi yang dipilih bersama Bupati Kuningan untuk membantu tugas Bupati dalam mengatur dan mengelola pemerintahan Kabupaten Kuningan, sebagai bagian dari sistem penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah di Indonesia. Berikut ini adalah daftar Wakil Bupati Kuningan. No Wakil Bupati ...

 

Signum manus

Medieval European practice of signing with a type of monogram or royal cypher Cross-signature KAROLVS of Charlemagne (circa 782). Cross-signature of Arnulf of Carinthia (890). Signum manus of Otto I (circa 970). Signum manus of Henry III (1049). Signum manus (transl. sign of the hand, sometimes also known as Chrismon) refers to the medieval European practice of signing a document or charter with a special type of monogram or royal cypher. The practice is documented from at least the Merovingi...

Società di Ginnastica e Scherma Fortitudo 1923-1924

Questa voce sull'argomento stagioni delle società calcistiche italiane è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Voce principale: Società di Ginnastica e Scherma Fortitudo. S.G.S. FortitudoStagione 1923-1924Sport calcio Squadra Fortitudo Allenatore Presidente Prima Divisione3º posto nel girone laziale della Lega Sud. Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Bianchi A., Ferraris (10) Miglior marcatore...

 

USS Hanson

Gearing-class destroyer This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. The reason given is: Unencyclopedic tone throughout uncited portions of text See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (February 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) USS Hanson underway on 17 August 1966 History United States NameHanson NamesakeRobert M. Hanson BuilderBath Iron Works Laid down7 October 1944 Launched11 March 1945 Sponsored ...

 

趙家驤

追晉陸軍二級上將趙家驤將軍个人资料出生1910年 大清河南省衛輝府汲縣逝世1958年8月23日(1958歲—08—23)（47—48歲） † 中華民國福建省金門縣国籍 中華民國政党 中國國民黨获奖 青天白日勳章（追贈）军事背景效忠 中華民國服役 國民革命軍 中華民國陸軍服役时间1924年－1958年军衔 二級上將 （追晉）部队四十七師指挥東北剿匪總司令部參謀長陸軍�...

Progress M-47

Progress M-47Progress M-47 departing the ISS.Mission typeISS resupplyOperatorRoskosmosCOSPAR ID2003-006A SATCAT no.27681Mission duration207 days Spacecraft propertiesSpacecraft typeProgress-M s/n 247ManufacturerRKK Energia Start of missionLaunch date2 February 2003, 12:59:40 UTCRocketSoyuz-ULaunch siteBaikonur, Site 1/5 End of missionDisposalDeorbitedDecay date28 August 2003, 02:37:46 UTC Orbital parametersReference systemGeocentricRegimeLow EarthPerigee altitude384 kmApogee altitude400 ...

 

United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement

Paris Agreement withdrawal by the United States from 2017–2021 Trump announcing the withdrawal during a press conference at the White House Rose Garden This article is part of a series aboutDonald Trump Business and personal Business career The Trump Organization wealth tax returns Media career The Apprentice bibliography filmography Eponyms Family Foundation American football Golf Honors Public image in popular culture SNL parodies handshakes Legal affairs Sexual misconduct allegations Nic...

 

Jonathan Ngwem

Questa voce sull'argomento calciatori camerunesi è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Jonathan Ngwem Nazionalità  Camerun Calcio Ruolo Difensore Squadra  El-Gouna CarrieraSquadre di club1 2011-2012 Pouma? (?)2013-2014 Jeunesse? (?)2015-2016 Unisport? (?)2016-2017 Progresso? (?)2018 Unisport? (?)2018- El-Gouna20 (0)Nazionale 2015-2018 Camerun9 (0)Palmarès ...

A4

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. A4 (значения). Соотношение листа формата A4 и листов серии A других размеров A4 — формат бумаги, определённый стандартом ISO 216, основан на метрической системе мер. Его размеры — 210×297 мм, диагональ — 364 мм. Площадь листа ф�...

 

Население Татарстана

Численность населения республики по данным Росстата составляет 4 003 016[1] чел. (2024). Татарстан занимает 8-е место по численности населения среди субъектов Российской Федерации[2]. Плотность населения — 59,00 чел./км² (2024). Городское население — 76,72[3] % (20...

 

土库曼斯坦总统

土库曼斯坦总统土库曼斯坦国徽土库曼斯坦总统旗現任谢尔达尔·别尔德穆哈梅多夫自2022年3月19日官邸阿什哈巴德总统府（Oguzkhan Presidential Palace）機關所在地阿什哈巴德任命者直接选举任期7年，可连选连任首任萨帕尔穆拉特·尼亚佐夫设立1991年10月27日 土库曼斯坦土库曼斯坦政府与政治 国家政府 土库曼斯坦宪法 国旗 国徽 国歌 立法機關（英语：National Council of Turkmenistan） ...

Nias

NiasPulau Nias (id) Carte topographique de Nias. Géographie Pays Indonésie Archipel Grandes îles de la Sonde Localisation Océan Indien Coordonnées 1° 06′ 00″ N, 97° 32′ 00″ E Superficie 5 625 km2 Point culminant non nommé (800 m) Géologie Prisme d'accrétion Administration Province Sumatra du Nord Kabupaten Nias, Nias du Sud, Nias du Nord, Nias occidental Démographie Population 756 762 hab. (2010) Densit�...

 

哥伦布 (密西西比州)

密西西比州 哥伦布城市綽號：Possum Town哥伦布位于密西西比州的位置坐标：33°30′06″N 88°24′54″W / 33.501666666667°N 88.415°W / 33.501666666667; -88.415国家 美國州密西西比州县朗兹县始建于1821年政府 • 市长罗伯特·史密斯 (民主党)面积 • 总计22.3 平方英里（57.8 平方公里） • 陸地21.4 平方英里（55.5 平方公里） • ...

 

Beyond the Sunset: The Romantic Collection

2004 compilation album by Blackmore's NightBeyond the SunsetCompilation album by Blackmore's NightReleased2004Genrefolk rock, neo-MedievalLength58:41LabelSteamhammerProducerRitchie BlackmoreBlackmore's Night chronology Ghost of a Rose(2003) Beyond the Sunset(2004) Castles and Dreams(2005) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllMusic [1]Metal Storm(favorable) [2] Beyond the Sunset is a Blackmore's Night compilation album released in 2004 through Steamhammer. I...

Alessandro Nesta

Italian footballer and coach (born 1976) Not to be confused with Alessandro Nista. Alessandro NestaOMRI Nesta with Montreal Impact in 2013Personal informationFull name Alessandro Nesta[1]Date of birth (1976-03-19) 19 March 1976 (age 48)[2]Place of birth Rome, Italy[2]Height 1.87 m (6 ft 2 in)[2]Position(s) Centre back[2]Team informationCurrent team Monza (head coach)Youth career1985–1993 LazioSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1993...

 

لينين الرملي

لينين الرملي معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة لينين فتحي عبد الله فكري الرملي الميلاد 18 أغسطس 1945   القاهرة  تاريخ الوفاة 7 فبراير 2020 (74 سنة) [1]  مواطنة المملكة المصرية (1945–1952) جمهورية مصر (1953–1958) الجمهورية العربية المتحدة (1958–1971) مصر (1971–2020)  الحياة العملية المهنة كات...