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Specifications
Specifications
Configuration:;
• Whyte	4-8-0 (Mastodon)
• UIC	2'Dn2
Driver	2nd coupled axle
Gauge	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Leading dia.	28+1⁄2 in (724 mm)
Coupled dia.	48 in (1,219 mm)
Tender wheels	33+1⁄2 in (851 mm) as built; 34 in (864 mm) retyred
Wheelbase	49 ft 2+1⁄2 in (14,999 mm)
• Engine	23 ft 4 in (7,112 mm)
• Leading	6 ft (1,829 mm)
• Coupled	13 ft 6 in (4,115 mm)
• Tender	16 ft 1 in (4,902 mm)
• Tender bogie	4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm)
Length:;
• Over couplers	56 ft 6+5⁄8 in (17,237 mm)
Height	12 ft 10 in (3,912 mm)
Axle load	13 LT 1 cwt (13,260 kg)
• Leading	13 LT 14 cwt (13,920 kg)
• 1st coupled	11 LT 19 cwt (12,140 kg)
• 2nd coupled	13 LT 1 cwt (13,260 kg)
• 3rd coupled	12 LT 4 cwt (12,400 kg)
• 4th coupled	12 LT 6 cwt (12,500 kg)
• Tender bogie	Bogie 1: 20 LT 8 cwt (20,730 kg); Bogie 2: 21 LT 16 cwt (22,150 kg)
• Tender axle	10 LT 18 cwt (11,070 kg)
Adhesive weight	49 LT 10 cwt (50,290 kg)
Loco weight	63 LT 4 cwt (64,210 kg)
Tender weight	42 LT 4 cwt (42,880 kg)
Total weight	105 LT 8 cwt (107,100 kg)
Tender type	XF2 (2-axle bogies)
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	10 LT (10.2 t)
Water cap.	3,000 imp gal (13,600 L)
Firebox:
• Type	Round-top & combustion chamber
• Grate area	31.2 sq ft (2.90 m2)
Boiler:;
• Pitch	7 ft 5 in (2,261 mm)
• Diameter	5 ft (1,524 mm)
• Tube plates	11 ft 4 in (3,454 mm)
• Small tubes	215: 2 in (51 mm)
Boiler pressure	180 psi (1,241 kPa)
Safety valve	Ramsbottom
Heating surface:
• Firebox	123.7 sq ft (11.49 m2)
• Tubes	1,274.6 sq ft (118.41 m2)
• Total surface	1,398.3 sq ft (129.91 m2)
Cylinders	Two
Cylinder size	20 in (508 mm) bore; 24 in (610 mm) stroke
Valve gear	Stephenson
Valve type	Murdoch's D slide
Couplers	Johnston link-and-pin; AAR knuckle (1930s)

Type and origin
Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	Cape Government Railways; (H.M. Beatty)
Builder	Kitson and Company
Serial number	4375
Model	CGR 10th Class
Build date	1906
Total produced	1

CGR 10th Class 4-8-0
South African Class Experimental 6 4-8-0
CGR 10th Class 4-8-0; South African Class Experimental 6 4-8-0
	CGR 10th Class no. 880, c. 1906
Power type
Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	Cape Government Railways; (H.M. Beatty)
Builder	Kitson and Company
Serial number	4375
Model	CGR 10th Class
Build date	1906
Total produced	1
Configuration:;
Specifications
Configuration:;
• Whyte	4-8-0 (Mastodon)
• UIC	2'Dn2
Driver	2nd coupled axle
Gauge	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Leading dia.	28+1⁄2 in (724 mm)
Coupled dia.	48 in (1,219 mm)
Tender wheels	33+1⁄2 in (851 mm) as built; 34 in (864 mm) retyred
Wheelbase	49 ft 2+1⁄2 in (14,999 mm)
• Engine	23 ft 4 in (7,112 mm)
• Leading	6 ft (1,829 mm)
• Coupled	13 ft 6 in (4,115 mm)
• Tender	16 ft 1 in (4,902 mm)
• Tender bogie	4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm)
Length:;
• Over couplers	56 ft 6+5⁄8 in (17,237 mm)
Height	12 ft 10 in (3,912 mm)
Axle load	13 LT 1 cwt (13,260 kg)
• Leading	13 LT 14 cwt (13,920 kg)
• 1st coupled	11 LT 19 cwt (12,140 kg)
• 2nd coupled	13 LT 1 cwt (13,260 kg)
• 3rd coupled	12 LT 4 cwt (12,400 kg)
• 4th coupled	12 LT 6 cwt (12,500 kg)
• Tender bogie	Bogie 1: 20 LT 8 cwt (20,730 kg); Bogie 2: 21 LT 16 cwt (22,150 kg)
• Tender axle	10 LT 18 cwt (11,070 kg)
Adhesive weight	49 LT 10 cwt (50,290 kg)
Loco weight	63 LT 4 cwt (64,210 kg)
Tender weight	42 LT 4 cwt (42,880 kg)
Total weight	105 LT 8 cwt (107,100 kg)
Tender type	XF2 (2-axle bogies)
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	10 LT (10.2 t)
Water cap.	3,000 imp gal (13,600 L)
Firebox:
• Type	Round-top & combustion chamber
• Grate area	31.2 sq ft (2.90 m2)
Boiler:;
• Pitch	7 ft 5 in (2,261 mm)
• Diameter	5 ft (1,524 mm)
• Tube plates	11 ft 4 in (3,454 mm)
• Small tubes	215: 2 in (51 mm)
Boiler pressure	180 psi (1,241 kPa)
Safety valve	Ramsbottom
Heating surface:
• Firebox	123.7 sq ft (11.49 m2)
• Tubes	1,274.6 sq ft (118.41 m2)
• Total surface	1,398.3 sq ft (129.91 m2)
Cylinders	Two
Cylinder size	20 in (508 mm) bore; 24 in (610 mm) stroke
Valve gear	Stephenson
Valve type	Murdoch's D slide
Couplers	Johnston link-and-pin; AAR knuckle (1930s)
Tractive effort
Performance figures
Tractive effort	27,010 lbf (120.1 kN) @ 75%
Operators
Career
Operators	Cape Government Railways; South African Railways
Class	CGR 10th Class; SAR Class Experimental 6
Number in class	1
Numbers	CGR 880, SAR 1244
Delivered	1906
First run	1906
Withdrawn	1938
	The leading coupled axle had flangeless wheels

The South African Railways Class Experimental 6 4-8-0 of 1906 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.

In 1906, the Cape Government Railways placed a single experimental 10th Class steam locomotive with a 4-8-0 Mastodon type wheel arrangement in service on its Eastern System. In 1912, when this locomotive was assimilated into the South African Railways, it was renumbered and designated Class Experimental 6.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Manufacturer

The Cape 10th Class steam locomotive was designed by H.M. Beatty, the Locomotive Superintendent of the Cape Government Railways (CGR) from 1896 to 1910. The designs were prepared at the Salt River shops of the CGR in Cape Town and represented a further effort on Beatty's part to improve the steaming efficiency of his 8th Class of 1904. The 10th Class was, in most respects, a larger and more powerful version of the 8th Class, which it was meant to eventually replace on the Eastern System. In 1906, only one locomotive with a Type XF2 tender was delivered by Kitson and Company, numbered 880.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Characteristics

With this locomotive, as with the 9th Class Mikado which had been delivered by the same manufacturer earlier in that same year, Beatty overcame his aversion to boiler centre lines which exceeded twice the Cape gauge track width of 3 feet 6 inches (1,067 millimetres) above the railhead. The boiler pitch of the Cape 10th Class was at 7 feet 5 inches (2,261 millimetres).^[1]

In the designs of the two Cape 9th Class Mikado types, later the Classes Experimental 4 and Experimental 5, Beatty had achieved improved steaming efficiency by extending the locomotive frames with a bridle casting, such as the one he had designed for the CGR 6th Class 2-6-4 in 1901, to accommodate deep and wide fireboxes.^[1]^[2]^[4]

With the 10th Class, on the other hand, he obtained a wide firebox by spreading the grate over the rear coupled wheels, hence the requirement to raise the boiler pitch. The front portion of the firebox formed a combustion chamber, which reduced spark throwing and thereby reduced wear on the tube ends. The inside of the firebox was of copper and the plates were 5⁄8 inch (16 millimetres) thick throughout, except for the tube plate, which was 1 inch (25 millimetres) thick at the tube ends. This firebox design was uncomplicated and allowed for liberal water spaces. The result was a firebox which was virtually a copy of the one which was used on the Hendrie B locomotive which had been placed in service on the Natal Government Railways (NGR) in 1904.^[1]^[2]^[4]

The locomotive used saturated steam and had flat "D" type slide valves, placed above the cylinders and operated by Stephenson Link valve gear through rocker shafts. The leading wheels were mounted in a spring control bogie which was designed to overcome the problems of excessive flange wear on the coupled wheels and rail cutting on curves.^[2]

Service

Cape Government Railways

The locomotive was placed in service on the Eastern System, working on the mainline out of East London. It proved to be very successful in service and was able to handle loads of 280 long tons (284 tonnes) up the steep 1 in 40 (2½%) gradient of the mainline, which began right at the end of the departure platform at East London station at the time. This compared favourably to the 240 long tons (244 tonnes) which the 8th Class could manage.^[1]^[4]

Despite its good performance, the design was never repeated since some trouble was experienced with the firebox which, although wide, had to be shallow to be carried over the intermediate and trailing coupled wheels. Instead, Beatty decided that more powerful locomotives could be designed by using the wide and deep firebox which he had used in his Karoo Class locomotives and the Cape 10th Class therefore remained one of a kind.^[1]^[2]

South African Railways

When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR, NGR and Central South African Railways) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways were only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.^[3]^[5]

In 1912, the Cape 10th Class was designated Class Experimental 6 and renumbered to 1244 on the South African Railways. It was withdrawn from service in 1938.^[3]^[4]^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Holland, D.F. (1971). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 1: 1859–1910 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England: David & Charles. p. 72-74. ISBN 978-0-7153-5382-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter II - The Cape Government Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, March 1944. pp. 169-173.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer’s Office, Pretoria, January 1912, pp. 9, 12, 15, 43 (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. p. 83. ISBN 0869772112.
^ The South African Railways - Historical Survey. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978, p. 25.
^ Holland, D. F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England: David & Charles. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.