Sound server

This article is about a form of computer program that runs in the background. For computers that stream audio over a network, see media server.

A sound server is software that manages the use of and access to audio devices (usually a sound card). It commonly runs as a background process.

Sound server in an operating system

Description of layers that uses a Sound Server

In a Unix-like operating system, a sound server mixes different data streams (usually raw PCM audio) and sends out a single unified audio to an output device. The mixing is usually done by software, or by hardware if there is a supported sound card.

Layers

The "sound stack" can be visualized as follows, with programs in the upper layers calling elements in the lower layers:

  • Applications (e.g. mp3 player, web video)
  • Sound server (e.g. aRts, ESD, JACK, PulseAudio)
  • Sound subsystem (described as kernel modules or drivers; e.g. OSS, ALSA)
  • Operating system kernel (e.g. Linux, Unix)

Motivation

Sound servers appeared in Unix-like operating systems after limitations in Open Sound System were recognized. OSS is a basic sound interface that was incapable of playing multiple streams simultaneously, dealing with multiple sound cards, or streaming sound over the network.

A sound server can provide these features by running as a daemon. It receives calls from different programs and sound flows, mixes the streams, and sends raw audio out to the audio device.

With a sound server, users can also configure global and per-application sound preferences.

Diversification and problems

As of 2012 there are multiple sound servers; some focus on providing very low latency, while others concentrate on features suitable for general desktop systems. While diversification allows a user to choose just the features that are important to a particular application, it also forces developers to accommodate these options by necessitating code that is compatible with the various sound servers available. Consequently, this variety has resulted in a desire for a standard API to unify efforts.

List of sound servers

Streaming

References

Read other articles:

Sikhisme di Pakistan

Sikh PakistanGurdwara Janam AsthanJumlah populasi450000[1]Daerah dengan populasi signifikanLahore · Islamabad · Peshawar · Faisalabad · Rawalpindi • Narowal  · Nankana Sahib · Hasan AbdalBahasaPunjabi Sikhisme memiliki sejarah yang panjang di Pakistan, walaupun jumlah orang Sikh di negara tersebut saat ini relatif sedikit. Sebagian besar orang Sikh di Pakistan tinggal di provinsi Punjab dan kota Peshawar di Provinsi Kh...

 

Efek Manik Baily

Efek Manik Baily adalah satu ciri dari gerhana matahari total. Ketika Bulan lewat di depan Matahari selama gerhana matahari total, topografi permukaan Bulan yang kasar memungkinkan manik-manik sinar matahari melewati di beberapa tempat, dan tidak di tempat lain. Fenomena ini dinamai oleh Francis Baily, orang pertama yang memberikan deskripsi akurat tentang fenomena ini pada tahun 1836.[1][2] Efek dari cincin permata dapat dilihat ketika hanya satu dari manik-manik ini yang ter...

 

Louis Aragon

Louis AragonLahir3 Oktober 1897ParisMeninggal24 Desember 1982 (usia 85)ParisKebangsaanPrancisKarya terkenalLes Lettres françaises, Pour un réalisme socialiste Louis Aragon (bahasa Prancis: [lwi aʁaɡɔ̃], pengucapanⓘ, 3 Oktober 1897 – 24 Desember 1982) adalah seorang penyair Prancis yang menjadi salah satu penyuara utama gerakan surrealis di Prancis. Bersama dengan André Breton dan Philippe Soupault, ia membentuk majalah ulasan surrealis Littérature.[1 ...

Bahasa Proto-Austronesia

Proto-AustronesiaAustronesia Purba Reka ulang dariRumpun bahasa AustronesiaWilayahTaiwanZaman6600–5500 SMReka ulang tingkat rendah Proto-Melayu-Polinesia Lokasi penuturanPeta tersebarnya rumpun bahasa Austronesia. Diduga kuat bahwa daerah Tiongkok bagian selatan menjadi pangkal pertama keberadaan rumpun bahasa ini sebelum berpindah ke Taiwan. Portal Bahasa L • B • PWBantuan penggunaan templat ini Bahasa Proto-Austronesia (sering disingkat PAN, juga disebut Austronesi...

 

الرايخ الألماني

الرايخ الألماني الرايخ الألمانيالعلم   الأرض والسكان الحكم أباطرة ألمانيا،  ورئيس ألمانيا فيلهلم الأول (1 يناير 1871–9 مارس 1888)فريدرش الثالث (9 مارس 1888–15 يونيو 1888)فيلهلم الثاني (15 يونيو 1888–28 نوفمبر 1918)فريدريش إيبرت (11 فبراير 1919–28 فبراير 1925)هانز لوتر (28 فبراير 1925–12 مارس 1...

 

Laura Adani

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento attori italiani non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Laura Adani Laura Adani (Modena, 7 ottobre 1913 – Torino, 30 agosto 1996) è stata un'attrice italiana. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Filmografia 2.1 Cinema 2.2 Televisione 3 Teatro 4 Prosa radiofonica EIAR 5 Not...

Red Bull Racing

Oracle Red Bull RacingSede Austria Regno UnitoMilton Keynes CategorieFormula 1 Dati generaliAnni di attivitàdal 2005 Fondatore Dietrich Mateschitz Direttore Christian Horner Formula 1Anni partecipazioneDal 2005 Miglior risultato6 campionati mondiali costruttori di Formula 1(2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2022, 2023)7 campionati mondiali piloti di Formula 1(2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2021, 2022, 2023) Gare disputate374 Vittorie117 Aggiornamento: Gran Premio di Cina 2024 Piloti nel 20241 Max V...

 

Seiko

SeikoLogo Stato Giappone Borse valoriBorsa di Tokyo: 8050 ISINJP3414700009 Fondazione1881 a Chūō (Tokyo) Fondata daKintaro Hattori Sede principaleChūō (Tōkyō) GruppoSeiko Group SettoreManifattura ProdottiOrologi Fatturato239 miliardi JPY (2020) Sito webwww.seiko.co.jp/ e www.seiko.co.jp/en/ Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale La Seiko Holdings Corporation (セイコーホールディングス株式会社?, Seikō Hōrudingusu Kabushiki-gaisha) (Borsa di Tokyo: 8050 ) è u...

 

Imelda Staunton

Imelda StauntonCBEImelda Staunton di acara penayangan perdana film Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Bagian 2 di London tahun 2011LahirImelda Mary Philomena Bernadette Staunton9 Januari 1956 (umur 68)Archway, London, Britania RayaAlmamaterRoyal Academy of Dramatic ArtPekerjaanAktrisTahun aktif1976–sekarangSuami/istriJim Carter ​(m. 1983)​Anak1 Imelda Mary Philomena Bernadette Staunton (lahir 9 Januari 1956) merupakan seorang aktris berkebangsaan ...

Vesuvius Airfield

Vesuvius AirfieldPart of Twelfth Air ForceCoordinates40°50′27.98″N 014°30′59.43″E / 40.8411056°N 14.5165083°E / 40.8411056; 14.5165083TypeMilitary airfieldSite informationControlled byUnited States Army Air ForcesSite historyBuilt1943In use1943-1944 Vesuvius Airfieldclass=notpageimage| Location of Vesuvius Airfield, Sicily Vesuvius Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Italy, located approximately two km (1.2 mi) eas...

 

Rateče

Place in Upper Carniola, SloveniaRatečeRateče, view from Mount Ciprnik (July 2016)RatečeLocation in SloveniaCoordinates: 46°29′53″N 13°42′58″E / 46.49806°N 13.71611°E / 46.49806; 13.71611Country SloveniaTraditional regionUpper CarniolaStatistical regionUpper CarniolaMunicipalityKranjska GoraElevation863.6 m (2,833.3 ft)Population (2002) • Total639[1] Rateče (pronounced [ˈɾaːtɛtʃɛ]; Italian: Racchia, Germ...

 

William Styron

American writer (1925–2006) William StyronWilliam Styron, 1967BornWilliam Clark Styron Jr.June 11, 1925 (1925-06-11)Newport News, Virginia, U.S.DiedNovember 1, 2006 (2006-12) (aged 81)Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, U.S.OccupationNovelist, essayistEducationDavidson CollegeDuke University (BA)Period1951–2006Notable worksLie Down in DarknessThe Confessions of Nat TurnerSophie's ChoiceDarkness VisibleSpouse Rose Burgunder ​(m. 1953)​Children4, i...

大字 (数字)

この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字が含まれています（詳細）。 数字の大字（だいじ）は、漢数字の一種。通常用いる単純な字形の漢数字（小字）の代わりに同じ音の別の漢字を用いるものである。 概要 壱万円日本銀行券（「壱」が大字） 弐千円日本銀行券（「弐」が大字） 漢数字には「一」「二」「三」と続く小字と、「壱」「�...

 

First Lady of Colombia

Hostess of the Casa de Nariño, usually the president's wife For a complete list of the first ladies, see List of first ladies of Colombia. First Lady of ColombiaCurrentVerónica Alcocersince 7 August 2022StyleMadam First LadyAbbreviationFLOCOResidenceCasa de NariñoInaugural holderSoledad Román de NúñezFormation1 April 1886(138 years ago) (1886-04-01)WebsiteFirst Lady First Lady of Colombia (First Lady of the Nation) is the title held by the hostess of the Casa de Nariño, ...

 

Vincenzo Macchi

Italian cardinal This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (October 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) His EminenceVincenzo MacchiDean of the College of CardinalsPortrait.ChurchRoman Catholic ChurchAppointed11 June 1847Term ended30 September 1860PredecessorLudovico MicaraSuccessorMario MatteiOther post(s)...

2016年美國總統選舉

2016年美國總統選舉 ← 2012 2016年11月8日 2020 → 538個選舉人團席位獲勝需270票民意調查投票率55.7%[1][2] ▲ 0.8 %   获提名人 唐納·川普 希拉莉·克林頓 政党 共和黨 民主党 家鄉州 紐約州 紐約州 竞选搭档 迈克·彭斯 蒂姆·凱恩 选举人票 304[3][4][註 1] 227[5] 胜出州/省 30 + 緬-2 20 + DC 民選得票 62,984,828[6] 65,853,514[6]...

 

Samuel Woodfill

US Army officer and Medal of Honor recipient (1883–1951) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Samuel Woodfill – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Samuel WoodfillMedal of Honor recipientBorn(1883-01-06)January 6, 1883near Bryantsbu...

 

Минская епархия

Минская и Заславская епархия Страна Белоруссия Церковь Белорусская православная церковь Дата основания 1793 год Управление Главный город Минск Кафедральный собор Свято-Духов собор (Минск) Иерарх митрополит Минский и Заславский Вениамин (Тупеко) (с 25 августа 2020 года) Стат�...

1984 United States presidential election in Minnesota

Main article: 1984 United States presidential election 1984 United States presidential election in Minnesota ← 1980 November 6, 1984 1988 → Turnout70.94%[1]   Nominee Walter Mondale Ronald Reagan Party Democratic (DFL) Republican Home state Minnesota California Running mate Geraldine Ferraro George H. W. Bush Electoral vote 10 0 Popular vote 1,036,364 1,032,603 Percentage 49.72% 49.54% County ResultsCongressional District ResultsPrecinct...

 

Jim Oberweis

American politician Jim OberweisMember of the Illinois Senatefrom the 25th districtIn officeJanuary 9, 2013 – January 13, 2021Preceded byChris LauzenSucceeded byKarina Villa Personal detailsBorn (1946-06-10) June 10, 1946 (age 77)Aurora, Illinois, U.S.Political partyRepublicanSpouses Elaine ​(div. 2003)​ Julie ​(m. 2008)​ Children5EducationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (BA)University of Chicago (MBA) Jame...