Siege of Ganja (1734)

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Siege of Ganja

Part of the Ottoman–Persian War (1730–35) and Nader's Campaigns

Date	November 3, 1734 – July 9, 1735^[1]
Location	Ganja (present-day Azerbaijan Republic)
Result	Safavid victory
Territorial changes	Ganja falls back into Safavid hands

Belligerents

Safavid Empire

Ottoman Empire

Commanders and leaders

Nader Shah

Unknown

Strength

Unknown

v t e Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735)
Western Persia campaign of 1730 Nahavand Malayer Tahmasp's Ottoman campaign Yerevan Nader's Mesopotamian Campaign Baghdad Samarra Kirkuk Caucasus Campaign Ganja Shamakhi Tbilisi Yeghevārd

Campaigns of Nader Shah

Fall of the Safavids [fa]

Khorasan Campaign

Afghan Campaigns

Safavid restoration

First Ottoman War

Indian Campaign

Central Asian Campaign

Dagestan Campaign

Battle of Andalal

Persian Gulf Campaign

Second Ottoman War

Rebellions & Civil War

v t e Ottoman–Persian Wars
Ottoman–Safavid Wars Chaldiran War of 1532–1555 War of 1578–1590 War of 1603–1612 War of 1616–1618 War of 1623–1639 Occupation of Basra 1697–1701 Campaigns of Nader Shah War of 1730–1735 War of 1743–1746 Subsequent conflicts War of 1775–1776 War of 1821–1823

The siege of Ganja during the last phase of the Perso-Ottoman war of 1730–1735 resulted in the surrender of the city by its Ottoman garrison after a brave defense was rendered futile by the destruction of the main Turkish army marching to its relief in the battle of Baghavard.

The siege

In the aftermath of routing an Ottoman army and scattering it across the mountains of Avarestan Nader marched west arriving at the gates of Ganja on November 3 when he set upon the task of the city's encirclement. The Ottoman garrison of 14,000 withdrew to the imposing citadel where they awaited the Persian onslaught. Nader ordered a few guns be deployed on the roof of a mosque but the artillery battery was put out of action by the Ottoman cannon before it could even begin its bombardment of the battlements of the citadel.

Failing in their siege artillery capacity the Persian sent sappers to dig underground to reach the citadel's walls from beneath but the Turks received timely intelligence reports revealing the intention of the besiegers. Tunnelling underground the Persians and Ottomans burrowed into each other's way whence they came to grips in hand-to-hand combat. The Persians were able to detonate six charges killing 700 Ottoman defenders but still failed in their main object of destroying the citadel's walls. The Persians also lost some 30 to 40 men themselves.

Nader partook in these efforts from a dangerously close range, once having the brains and blood of one of his bodyguards splatter across his face as a cannonball fired from a Turkish gun decapitated him in the most grotesque manner. The Russians also sent some support in that they dispatched an engineer as well as a few siege guns although these did very little in progressing the battle.

The siege ends

Reports began to reach Nader of Koprulu Pasha's departure from Kars with the intent of engaging the Persian army. Nader who at this point was all too eager to leave the slow-going siege and take to the field where he would be in his element once more, welcomed this opportunity to seek out the Ottoman relief force and crush it. Having invested his troops round Tiflis and Yerevan also Nader took the remainder of his men and marched west. An Ottoman army of perhaps 130,000 men (according to Astarabadi, Nader's court historian) under Koprulu Pasha was decimated by Nader's advance guard of only 15,000 or so men at the battle of Baghavard.

The obliteration of any hope the Ganja garrison had of outside relief by Koprulu pasha's demise as well of that of his army induced enough despair in the hearts of the garrison that they finally gave up and surrendered on July 9 1735.

References

^ Axworthy, Michael (2009). The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from tribal warrior to conquering tyrant,p. 196. I. B. Tauris

Sources

Moghtader, Gholam-Hussein(2008). The Great Battles of Nader Shah, Donyaye Ketab
Axworthy, Michael (2009). The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from tribal warrior to conquering tyrant, I. B. Tauris
Ghafouri, Ali(2008). History of Iran's wars: from the Medes to now, Etela'at Publishing

Battles involving the Ottoman Empire by era

Rise
(1299–1453)

Land battles

Naval battles

Gallipoli

Classical Age
(1453–1550)

Land battles

Naval battles

Transformation
(1550–1700)

Land battles

Naval battles

Old Regime
(1700–1789)

Land battles	Chelif Oran Pruth Petrovaradin 2nd Belgrade Kurijan Samarra Kirkuk Yeghevārd Ganja Banja Luka Grocka Perekop 1st Ochakov Stavunchany 1st Kars Khresili Aspindza Larga Kagul Kozludzha Kinburn 2nd Ochakov Mehadia Karánsebes
Naval battles	Imbros Matapan Çeşme Patras 1st Kerch Strait 2nd Ochakov Fidonisi

Modernization
(1789–1908)

Land battles

Naval battles

For 20th-century battles before 1914 see List of Ottoman battles in the 20th century
For the battles during World War I see List of Ottoman battles in World War I

Ottoman victories are in italics.

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