Second Kurz government

Second Kurz Government

33rd Cabinet of Austria
Date formed7 January 2020 (2020-01-07)
Date dissolved11 October 2021 (2021-10-11)
People and organisations
Appointed byAlexander Van der Bellen
ChancellorSebastian Kurz
Vice-ChancellorWerner Kogler
Member partiesPeople's Party
The Greens
Status in legislatureMajority coalition
No. of ministers15
Opposition partiesSocial Democratic Party
Freedom Party
NEOS
Opposition leaderPamela Rendi-Wagner
History
Election(s)2019 legislative election
PredecessorBierlein government
SuccessorSchallenberg government

The Second Kurz government (German: Zweite Bundesregierung Kurz or Kurz II for short) was the 33rd Government of Austria. Led by Sebastian Kurz as chancellor and Werner Kogler as vice-chancellor, it was sworn in by President Alexander Van der Bellen on 7 January 2020. It was officially dissolved and succeeded by the Schallenberg government on 11 October 2021.[1]

This government represents many firsts. Headed by a former chancellor who had been ousted in a parliamentary vote of no confidence and made a comeback by winning the 2019 legislative election, it marks an alliance of a centre-right Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) with the centre-left The Greens as junior partner in the national government; it was the only such coalition in Europe until June 2020. It also features a majority of female cabinet members. Chancellor Kurz himself is the youngest member of his own government and the youngest chief executive of any of the European Union's member states for the second time. The new political alliance is closely watched in Europe, especially in neighbouring Germany, as it could become the prototype for a new type of politics in which ascendant conservatives make common cause with green parties to tackle climate change, which has become a salient concern of voters.

The Second Kurz government succeeded the Bierlein government, a nonpartisan caretaker administration installed on 3 June 2019 to run Austria following the collapse of the First Kurz government in the wake of the Ibiza affair involving its coalition partner, the far-right Freedom Party (FPÖ). The termination of the coalition of Kurz's party with the FPÖ was followed by a vote of no confidence in Parliament and snap election in which voter support for the FPÖ dropped sharply and support for the Greens surged to nearly 14%, its highest level ever. The ÖVP emerged victorious with 37% of the popular vote. Although the ÖVP won the election, it did not achieve a parliamentary majority in the National Council and therefore had to look for a junior coalition partner.

History

Demographics

The Second Kurz government is the first government in Austrian history in which women constitute the majority; it is also the youngest on average. Sebastian Kurz reclaimed the distinction of being the youngest head of government in Europe, aged 33. The youthfulness of the government also mirrors a younger electorate, Austria having lowered the voting age to 16, the lowest in Europe.

The Second Kurz government includes one cabinet member who is not a native Austrian, but came to the country as a refugee when she was a child, an element of personal biography she shares with President Alexander Van der Bellen.

Unprecedented coalition

The newly appointed ministers at the president's residence, the Hofburg on 7 January 2020
Council of ministers on 8 January 2020

Sebastian Kurz, chairman of the People's Party, reached an agreement on a coalition with the centre-left Greens at the end of 2019, putting him on track to become chancellor of Austria for the second time, with Werner Kogler, leader of The Greens, as vice-chancellor. This marked a breakthrough for The Greens as it would be represented in the executive branch of government at the national level for the first time. The Greens had previously unsuccessfully participated in coalition talks at the national level and served as coalition partners in several state governments.

The novel form of the political partnership paved the way for the ÖVP to maintain its conservative line on immigration, but also put Austria on the forefront of the fight against climate change, with a Green minister in charge of that portfolio and an action plan towards carbon neutrality on a pace faster than the rest of the EU.[2] Kurz and Kogler differ not only in age, but also in style and manner of speech. Notwithstanding the odd-couple nature of the match, they have developed a good working relationship. Unlike Kurz, Kogler had to obtain the approval of his rank and file to enter the coalition government on the terms spelled out in the formal coalition agreement that the two party leaders had finalised and announced on New Year's Day. This was required by the charter of The Greens, which reflects its founders' commitment to grassroots democracy, while the ÖVP is more hierarchical and dominated by its constituent organisations in the corporatist tradition.

On 4 January 2020, more than 93 percent of the delegates at a special Green Congress convened in Salzburg backed the deal hammered out by the negotiating teams of the two parties and their leaders in more than two months of bargaining that covered the full spectrum of public policies, rather than just environmental issues.[3][4][5] In the floor debate, misgivings were expressed about too many concessions having been made in reaching a deal on a joint government programme that both parties and their respective supporters in the electorate can agree on. Some delegates expressed dissent in the areas of civil liberties and treatment of asylum seekers and migrants. They deplored the Greens' yielding on core humanitarian principles.

In recognition of internal party dissension, Kogler stressed on many occasions the need to practice political realism. Assuming responsibility for governing the country with the ÖVP offered the Greens an opportunity to participate directly in the shaping of the future course of public policy for the very first time. "When if not now?" Kogler proclaimed, under a banner highlighting the spirit and motto of the congress: "Facing the future with boldness". He expressed hope to set an example for the rest of Europe with green and conservative parties working together in the national interest, as opposed to remaining merely on the sidelines as an opposition party in Parliament. In a separate floor vote, the Green rank and file approved the slate of Green ministers already designated unanimously by the party's expanded executive committee, with only one vote against and one abstention.[6]

Composition

The cabinet consists of:[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]

Portrait Name Office Took office Left office Party Federal Home State

Chancellery

Sebastian Kurz Chancellor of Austria[a] 7 January 2020 (2020-01-07) 11 October 2021 (2021-10-11) ÖVP  Vienna
Werner Kogler Vice-Chancellor of Austria
Minister for Arts, Culture, the Civil Service and Sport 		7 January 2020 (2020-01-07) Greens  Styria

Chancellery ministers

Karoline Edtstadler Chancellery minister for the EU and Constitution 7 January 2020 (2020-01-07) ÖVP  Salzburg
Susanne Raab Chancellery minister for Women and Integration 7 January 2020 (2020-01-07) ÖVP  Upper Austria

Ministers

Karl Nehammer Minister of the Interior 7 January 2020 (2020-01-07) 6 December 2021 (2021-12-06) ÖVP  Vienna
Alexander Schallenberg Minister for European and International Affairs 7 January 2020 (2020-01-07) 11 October 2021 (2021-10-11) ÖVP (Born abroad)
Alma Zadić Minister of Justice 7 January 2020 (2020-01-07) Greens (Born abroad)
Rudolf Anschober Minister of Social Affairs, Health, Care, and Consumer Protection 7 January 2020 (2020-01-07) 13 April 2021 (2021-04-13) Greens  Upper Austria
Wolfgang Mückstein 19 April 2021 (2021-04-19) Greens  Vienna
Christine Aschbacher Minister of Labour, Family and Youth 7 January 2020 (2020-01-07) 9 January 2021 (2021-01-09) ÖVP  Styria
Martin Kocher 11 January 2021 (2021-01-11) ÖVP  Salzburg
Klaudia Tanner Minister of Defence 7 January 2020 (2020-01-07) ÖVP  Lower Austria
Heinz Faßmann Minister of Education, Science, and Research 7 January 2020 (2020-01-07) 6 December 2021 (2021-12-06) Independent
(ÖVP nominated) 		(Born abroad)
Leonore Gewessler Minister of Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology[b] 7 January 2020 (2020-01-07) Greens  Styria
Elisabeth Köstinger Minister of Agriculture, Regions, and Tourism 7 January 2020 (2020-01-07) ÖVP  Carinthia
Margarete Schramböck Minister of Digital and Economic Affairs 7 January 2020 (2020-01-07) ÖVP  Tyrol
Gernot Blümel Minister of Finance 7 January 2020 (2020-01-07) 6 December 2021 (2021-12-06) ÖVP  Vienna

State secretaries

Magnus Brunner State secretary in the Ministry for Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology[b] 7 January 2020 (2020-01-07) 6 December 2021 (2021-12-06) ÖVP  Vorarlberg
Ulrike Lunacek State secretary in the Ministry for Arts, Culture, the Civil Service and Sport 7 January 2020 (2020-01-07) 20 May 2020 (2020-05-20) Greens  Lower Austria
Andrea Mayer 20 May 2020 (2020-05-20) Independent
(Greens nominated) 		 Lower Austria

Actions

Under the People's Party, The Greens coalition plans, Austria will aim to become carbon neutral by 2040, a decade earlier than an EU-wide target, a pledge for all electricity to come from renewable sources by 2030, as well as more spending on public transport. The coalition deal also includes banning the headscarf in schools for girls up to age 14, an extension of the garment ban that applies until age 10 approved by lawmakers earlier this year. The agreement also revives a plan for “precautionary detention” of potentially dangerous asylum seekers.[17]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Also responsible for Media agendas
  2. ^ a b The ministry also holds the agenda responsibilities of Infrastructure.

References

  1. ^ "AVISO: Morgen, 13:00 Uhr: Ernennung und Angelobung von Bundeskanzler Alexander Schallenberg durch Bundespräsident Alexander Van der Bellen". ots.at (in German). 10 October 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  2. ^ "Austria backs green agenda with new coalition deal". 2 January 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  3. ^ "Die Grünen". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  4. ^ "Bundeskongress der Grünen stimmt mit 93 Prozent für Koalition mit ÖVP - derStandard.at". DER STANDARD (in Austrian German). Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  5. ^ Sarah Wheaton (4 January 2020). "Austrian Greens back coalition with Kurz's conservatives". Politico. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  6. ^ aloh, ORF at/Agenturen (5 January 2020). "ÖVP – Grüne: Weg frei für neue Koalition – FPÖ murrt". news.ORF.at (in German). Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  7. ^ Article Writer (31 December 2019). "Aschbacher soll Ministerin für Arbeit und Familie werden". Die Presse (in German). Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  8. ^ Article Writer (2 January 2020). "Zwei Bauernbündlerinnen in der nächsten Regierung: Elisabeth Köstinger und Klaudia Tanner". bauernzeitung.at (in German). Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  9. ^ Article Writer (2 January 2020). "Erste Details des Regierungsprogramms". ORF News (in German). Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  10. ^ Article Writer (2 January 2020). "Das ist das Regierungsteam". ORF News (in German). Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  11. ^ Article Writer. "Österreich: Grüne entscheidet über Koalitionspakt mit ÖVP - Ergebnis der Abstimmung überwältigt". Merkur.de (in German). Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  12. ^ Von OÖN-Innenpolitik. "Kurz und Kogler: Die Regierung mit dem größten Frauenanteil". nachrichten.at (in German). Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  13. ^ Politik/Inland (30 December 2019). "Neue Regierung: Kanzler kümmert sich künftig selbst um Medienthemen". kurier.at (in German). Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  14. ^ "Das sind die Sprecher der neuen ÖVP-Minister". vienna.at (in German). 7 January 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  15. ^ "Bundesministerinnen und Bundesminister, Staatssekretärin und Staatssekretär". bundeskanzleramt.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  16. ^ "Erster türkis-grüner Ministerrat: "Es wird etwas geschehen"". diepresse.com (in German). 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  17. ^ Rankin, Jennifer (2 January 2020). " "Austria's new coalition agrees to extend school headscarf ban". The Guardian.