Sanchin

三戦 (三戰, 三進, 参戦)
Japanese:	sanchin
Mandarin Pinyin:	sānzhàn
Min Nan POJ:	sam-chiàn
Literally	"three battles"

Sanchin (三戦) is a kata of apparent Southern Chinese (Fujianese) origin that is considered to be the core of several styles, the most well-known being the Okinawan Karate styles of Uechi-Ryū and Gōjū-Ryū, as well as the Chinese martial arts of Fujian White Crane, Five Ancestors, Pangai-noon and the Tiger-Crane Combination style associated with Ang Lian-Huat. Tam Hon taught a style that was called simply "Saam Jin" (Cantonese for "Sanchin").

The name Sanchin, meaning "three battles/conflicts/wars" is usually interpreted as the battle to unify the mind, body, and spirit; however, there are other interpretations.^[1]

Uechi-Ryū practices a form of Sanchin with nukite zuki (貫手突) "open spear hand" strikes, while the version used by many other styles such as Gōjū-Ryū and Chitō-ryū use a closed fist.^[2]^[3]^[4]

General information

Sanchin uses the sanchin dachi (三戦立ち) "sanchin stance" named for the kata. Practice of Sanchin seeks to develop the muscles and bones of the body to help the practitioner withstand blows from an opponent, while drilling the basic mechanics of a strike that depends on a stable base.

Sanchin is the first kata learned in Uechi-Ryū, while other styles may introduce it later. In Gōjū-Ryu, there are two Sanchin kata. The first, "Miyagi's Sanchin" or sanchin dai ichi, was created by Chōjun Miyagi. The second, "Higashionna's sanchin" or sanchin dai ni was taught with open hands, as in Uechi-Ryū, but later it was also revised to closed fists by Miyagi's co-student Juhatsu Kyoda, founder of Tōon-Ryū, and adopted by Chōjun Miyagi as well. This kata was adopted by other styles such as the later Okinawan style Isshin-Ryū and Kyokushin.

Shime (締め)

Some styles use a method of checking strength, posture, hand concentration during the performance of the kata called shime (締め). This involves a range of techniques from hard strikes to check the tone of the student's muscles and overall strength to very soft and slow pushes and pulls to test the student's ability to react in order to maintain their position.^[5]

References

^ "Black Belt". Black Belt. Internet Archive. p. 39. Retrieved 10 January 2015. Sanchin kata.
^ "Black Belt". Black Belt. Internet Archive. p. 40. Retrieved 10 January 2015. Sanchin kata.
^ "Black Belt". Black Belt. Internet Archive. p. 39. Retrieved 10 January 2015. Sanchin kata.
^ "Black Belt". Black Belt. Internet Archive. p. 15. Retrieved 10 January 2015. Sanchin kata.
^ Mattson, George E. (2010). The Way of Uechi-Ryū Karate (First ed.). Peabody Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-930559-38-0.

v t e Karate
Comparison of styles List of terms
Origins	Japanese martial arts Okinawan martial arts Chinese martial arts
Styles	Ashihara Budokan Byakuren Chitō-ryū Enshin Gensei-ryū Gōjū-ryū Gosoku-ryu Isshin-ryū Kyokushin Motobu-ryū Ryūei-ryū Seidokaikan Shidōkan Shindo Jinen Ryu Shitō-ryū Shōrin-ryū Shōrei-ryū Shōrinjiryū Kenkōkan Shotokan Shūdōkan Shūkōkai Shuri-ryū Tōon-ryū Uechi-ryū Wadō-ryū Yoseikan Yoshukai
Techniques	Blocks Joint lock Kicks Punches Stances Strikes Throw
Training methods	Kihon Kata Bunkai Kumite Kobudō Makiwara Full contact
Culture	Dōjō Dōjō kun Karate gi Kyū Obi
Competition	Karate Combat Karate at the World Games Karate World Championships World University Karate Championships Asian Karate Championships Karate at the Asian Games European Karate Championships Karate at the Summer Olympics Karate World Championships Junior
Kata	Anaku Ananku Annan Chinte Chintō/Gankaku Enpi Fukyugata Gojūshiho Jion Hangetsu Kūsankū/Kanku-dai Naihanchi/Tekki Nijūshiho/Niseishi Passai/Bassai Pinan/Heian Rōhai/Meikyo Sanchin Seisan/Hangetsu Seiunchin Shisochin Sōchin Taikyoku Tensho Unsū Wankan Wanshū
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