Samuel Frederick Gray (10 December 1766 – 12 April 1828) was a British botanist, mycologist, and pharmacologist. He was the father of the zoologists John Edward Gray and George Robert Gray.
He was the son of Samuel Gray, a London seedsman. He received no inheritance and, after failing to qualify for medicine, turned to medical and botanical writing. He married Elizabeth Forfeit in 1794 and moved to Walsall, Staffordshire, where he established an assay office before he moved back to London in 1800.
He set up an apothecary business in Wapping, which failed within a few years. Then, he seems to have maintained himself by writing and lecturing.[1]
Gray wrote a Supplement to the Pharmacopoeia, published in 1818 with several subsequent editions.[2] In 1819, he became co-editor of the London Medical Repository, to which he contributed many articles on medical, botanical, and other topics. He published, in 1823, The Elements of Pharmacy and, in 1828, The Operative Chemist, both practical reference works.
Gray's major text of interest today is The Natural Arrangement of British Plants, published in two volumes in 1821.[3][4] The authorship is disputed, and his son, John Edward Gray, later claimed to have done most of the work, but that was not supported by his grandson. The book itself is innovative, being the first British flora to employ Antoine Laurent de Jussieu's natural system of plant classification, an improvement on the artificial classification of Linnaeus. Probably, that was what made it be poorly received by conservative botanists of the day.[1] The Natural Arrangement of British Plants also included substantial sections on fungi, then classed as cryptogamic plants, introducing many new genera, including Auriscalpium, Coltricia, Leccinum, and Steccherinum, which remain in current use.[5]
Despite its recognised nomenclatural importance today, it was neglected by British botanists after its publication for "its idiosyncrasies, anti-Linnaean character, unorthodox nomenclature, narrow generic concepts and contemporary hostility to the supposed author R. A. Salisbury."[6]
Zee-ijs. Vorming en verdwijning van zee-ijs in een jaar (wit) Zee-ijs is de benaming voor bevroren zeewater in de beide poolzeeën. Ook wordt het begrip soms gebruikt voor ijs dat vanuit andere wateren de zee instroomt. Belangrijke vormen van zee-ijs zijn drijfijs (drijvende stukken ijs, die ontstaan uit grondijs), pakijs (op elkaar geschoven ijsschotsen) en ijs verbonden met het vasteland (fast ice). Zee-ijs bedekt per jaar gemiddeld 6,5% (22,5 miljoen km²) van de wereldzeeën. Doordat de…
Fragment eines Militärdiploms von 156/157 n. Chr. im Gäubodenmuseum in Straubing (CIL 16, 183) Die Cohors IX (oder VIIII) Batavorum [exploratorum] [milliaria] [equitata] (deutsch 9. Kohorte der Bataver [der Kundschafter] [1000 Mann] [teilberitten]) war eine römische Auxiliareinheit. Sie ist durch Militärdiplome sowie durch Inschriften belegt. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Namensbestandteile 2 Geschichte 3 Standorte 4 Angehörige der Kohorte 4.1 Kommandeure 4.2 Offiziere und Unteroffiziere 4…
Justine Henin Medallista olímpica Justine HeninPaís BélgicaResidencia Bruselas, BélgicaFecha de nacimiento 1 de junio de 1982 (41 años)Lugar de nacimiento Lieja, BélgicaAltura 1,71 metros - 5'6''Peso 57 kg - 126 librasProfesional desde 1999Retiro 14 de mayo de 2008, 26 de enero de 2011Brazo hábil Diestro; revés a una manoDinero ganado 20 863 335 dólares estadounidensesSalón de la Fama miembro desde 2016IndividualesRécord de su carrera 525–115Títulos de su carrera 43 …
El realista proscrito, 1651 Autor John Everett MillaisCreación 1853[editar datos en Wikidata] El realista proscrito, 1651 (1852-1853) es una pintura de John Everett Millais que representa a una joven puritana que protege a un realista huido después de la batalla de Worcester en 1651, la derrota decisiva de Carlos II por Oliver Cromwell. El monárquico se esconde en un árbol hueco, una referencia a un famoso incidente en el que el propio Carlos se escondió en un árbol así para esc…
село Калини Країна Україна Область Закарпатська область Район Тячівський район Громада Дубівська селищна громада Основні дані Засноване 1405 Населення 5844 Площа 0,023 км² Густота населення 0 осіб/км² Поштовий індекс 90532 Телефонний код +380 03134 Географічні дані Географі
العلاقات الآيسلندية الأرجنتينية آيسلندا الأرجنتين آيسلندا الأرجنتين تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات الآيسلندية الأرجنتينية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين آيسلندا والأرجنتين.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدو
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (مارس 2019) آندي دونكان معلومات شخصية الميلاد 21 سبتمبر 1964 (59 سنة) باتسبرغ ليسفيل (كارولاينا الجنوبية) الإقامة كارولاينا الجنوبية مواطنة الولايات المتحدة ا…
Paul Simon Paul Martin Simon (29 November 1928 – 9 Desember 2003) adalah seorang penulis dan politikus Amerika Serikat dari Illinois. Ia menjabat dalam DPR dari 1975 sampai 1985, dan dalam Senat Amerika Serikat dari 1985 sampai 1997. Sebagai anggota Partai Demokrat, ia gagal maju untuk nominasi presidensial Partai Demokrat 1988. Pranala luar Kongres Amerika Serikat. Paul Simon (id: S000423). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved on 2008-07-20 Senat…
City in Missouri, United StatesChesterfield, MissouriCityFrom top left: Butterfly House, Faust Park, Residential area, Old Chesterfield Location of Chesterfield, MissouriCoordinates: 38°39′32″N 90°34′49″W / 38.65889°N 90.58028°W / 38.65889; -90.58028CountryUnited StatesStateMissouriCountySt. LouisIncorporated1988Government • MayorBob Nation[1]Area[2] • Total33.84 sq mi (87.64 km2) • Land31.84…
Chaozhou 潮州市Kota setingkat prefekturJalan HubinJulukan: Kota Phoenix (凤城)Lokasi Chaozhou di GuangdongNegaraRepublik Rakyat TiongkokProvinsiGuangdongWilayah setingkat kabupaten3Wilayah setingkat kota kecil43Pemerintahan • PKT ChaozhouLuo Wenzhi (骆文智)Sekretaris Komite • Wali kotaTang Xikun (汤锡坤)Luas(peringkat ke-31) • Total3.110 km2 (1,200 sq mi)Ketinggian0–1.497,5 m (0–4.913 ft)Populasi • Total…
Національна футбольна конференція — дивізіон західний Дата створення / заснування 1967 Вид спорту американський футбол Країна США Західний дивізіон Національної Футбольної Конференції (англ. NFC West) — один з чотирьох дивізіонів[en] Національної футбольної конференц…
此條目没有列出任何参考或来源。 (2014年10月7日)維基百科所有的內容都應該可供查證。请协助補充可靠来源以改善这篇条目。无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除。 ASME成立時間1880創始人亚历山大·莱曼·霍利[*]、Henry Rossiter Worthington[*]、約翰·艾迪臣·斯維特[*]類型非牟利專業組織總部 美國紐約市地址 美國紐約市公園大道2號(Two Park AvenueNew YorkNY 10016-5990)服…
Serj Tankian discographyStudio albums5Live albums3Video albums1Music videos23EPs4Singles34Collaborative albums2 The following is the discography of Serj Tankian, an Armenian-American singer and musician. He is best known as the lead vocalist, songwriter, keyboardist, and occasionally rhythm guitarist of the Grammy Award-winning rock band System of a Down. This discography consists of five studio albums, one collaboration album, four EPs, three live album/DVD, thirty-three singles, twenty-three m…
Muswell Hill Library The Muswell Hill Library is a grade II listed building in Queens Avenue, Muswell Hill, London.[1] References ^ Historic England. Muswell Hill Library (1247005). National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 September 2016. External links Media related to Muswell Hill Library at Wikimedia Commons 51°35′28″N 0°08′36″W / 51.59114°N 0.14322°W / 51.59114; -0.14322 This article about a London building or structure is a stub. You can h…
Late form of ancient Greek religion Serapis, a Greco-Egyptian god worshipped in Hellenistic Egypt The concept of Hellenistic religion as the late form of Ancient Greek religion covers any of the various systems of beliefs and practices of the people who lived under the influence of ancient Greek culture during the Hellenistic period and the Roman Empire (c. 300 BCE to 300 CE). There was much continuity in Hellenistic religion: people continued to worship the Greek gods and to practice the same r…
This article's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2021) The Hmong are a major ethnic group residing in Merced, California. As of 1997, Merced had a high concentration of Hmong residents relative to its population. The Hmong community settled in Merced after Dang Moua, a Hmong community leader, had promoted Merced to the Hmong communities scattered across the United S…
Mitro Repo in February 2014 Mitro Repo (born September 3, 1958) is a Finnish Orthodox Christian priest. He was member of the European Parliament from 2009 until 2014, elected as an independent candidate on the Social Democratic Party's ticket. He ran also in the 2014 election but received less than 9,000 votes compared to over 70,000 in the 2009 election, and was not re-elected.[1] Repo is a third generation priest. He studied theology at the University of Helsinki. Repo's position on th…
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Sidney Poitier filmography – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Poitier at the Civil Rights March on Washington, D.C in 1963 Sidney Poitier (1927–2022) was an actor and director. He was best known for h…
Bangladeshi writer, actor and filmmaker For other uses, see Abdullah al Mamun (disambiguation). Abdullah Al Mamunআবদুল্লাহ আল মামুনBorn(1942-07-13)13 July 1942Jamalpur, Bengal Presidency, British IndiaDied21 August 2008(2008-08-21) (aged 66)Dhaka, BangladeshNationalityBangladeshiEducationMA (history)Alma materUniversity of DhakaOccupations Film director actor playwright Spouse Farida Khatun (m. 1984, died)Aw…
Oinochoe in Wild Goat style, with wild goats, Rhodes, c. 615–600 BCE The Wild Goat style (variously capitalized and hyphenated) is a modern term describing vase painting produced in the east of Greece, namely the southern and eastern Ionian islands, between c. 650 to 550 BCE. Examples have been found notably at the sites in Chios, at Miletus and in Rhodes. The style owes its name to the predominant motif found on such vases: friezes of goats. The style developed the technique intro…
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