SS Baltic (1871)

	SS Baltic
History
Name	1871: Pacific; 1871: Baltic; 1888: Veendam;
Namesake	1871: Baltic Sea; 1888: Veendam;
Owner	1871: White Star Line; 1888: Holland America Line;
Port of registry	1871: Liverpool; 1888: Rotterdam;
Builder	Harland & Wolff, Belfast
Yard number	75
Laid down	1870
Launched	8 March 1871
Completed	2 September 1871
Maiden voyage	14 September 1871
In service	1871–1898
Fate	Sunk in collision 6 February 1898
General characteristics
Class and type	Oceanic-class ocean liner
Tonnage	3,888 GRT; 2,458 NRT;
Length	452 ft (138 m); 437.2 ft (133.3 m);
Beam	40.9 ft (12.5 m)
Depth	31.0 ft (9.4 m)
Decks	2
Installed power	600 hp
Propulsion	2 × 2-cylinder compound engines; 12 boilers, single propeller;
Sail plan	4-masted barque
Speed	14.5 knots (26.9 km/h; 16.7 mph)
Capacity	850 passengers
Notes

SS Baltic was an Oceanic-class ocean liner that was built in 1871 for the White Star Line. She was one of the first four ships ordered by White Star from shipbuilders Harland & Wolff after Thomas Ismay bought the company, and the third ship of the Oceanic class to be delivered. In 1888 Holland America Line bought her, and renamed her Veendam. In 1898 she struck a submerged wreck and sank, but with no loss of life.

Name

Originally the ship was to be named Pacific, and was launched under this name. This was changed to Baltic during her fitting out so as to avoid association with the Collins Line steamship Pacific, which had vanished with all hands in January 1856.^[3]

Features

Baltic was largely identical in design to her three Oceanic-class sister ships, a general outline of her characteristics can be found at Oceanic-class_ocean_liner#Features.

Baltic was an improved version of her first sister ship Oceanic, in that her engines, built by Maudslay, Sons & Field were of an improved design, and she had improved passenger accommodation.^[4]

Career

She made her maiden voyage on the Liverpool – Queenstown – New York route in September 1871,^[4] On 17 October 1871, Baltic ran aground on the Jordan Flats, in Liverpool Bay whilst on a voyage from New York to Liverpool, Lancashire. Her passengers were taken off. She was refloated and taken in to Birkenhead, Cheshire.^[5] On 20 November 1872, Baltic rescued the crew of Assyria.^[6]

In January 1873, she captured the much sought after eastbound Blue Riband achieving a timing of 7 days, 20 hours, 9 minutes, from New York to Queenstown, achieving an average speed of 15.09 knots (27.95 km/h; 17.37 mph).^[4]^[3]

On 19 November 1875, Baltic rescued the crew of the full-rigged ship Oriental, which had become waterlogged in the Atlantic Ocean.^[7] On 17 August 1880, the steamship Longford collided with her in the River Mersey and sank.^[8]

Baltic served White Star on the North Atlantic run for 17 years, except for two brief periods in 1883 and 1885 when she was chartered to the Inman Line. In 1888, Baltic was sold to the Holland America Line and renamed Veendam^[9] after the town of Veendam in the province of Groningen. In 1890 she we re-engined. On 6 February 1898, Veendam hit a submerged shipwreck and sank, with all on board saved.^[3]^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Lloyd's Register of Shipping. London: Lloyd's Register. 1874. Retrieved 22 December 2014 – via Internet Archive.
^ "Adriatic I of the White Star Line". Titanic-Titanic. 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c Haws, Duncan (1990). White Star Line (Oceanic Steam Navigation Company). Merchant Fleets. Vol. 19. Hereford: Travel Creatours Ltd Publications. p. 32. ISBN 0-946378-16-9.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Kerbrech, Richard De (2009). Ships of the White Star Line. London: Ian Allan. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-0-7110-3366-5.
^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". Daily News. No. 7947. London. 18 October 1871.
^ "Disasters at Sea". The Times. No. 27558. London. 12 December 1872. col B, p. 7.
^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 28481. London. 24 November 1875. col F, p. 11.
^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 29963. London. 18 August 1880. col B, p. 12.
^ "White Star Line of Steamers between New York and Liverpool... Baltic..." National Maritime Museum. Royal Museums Greenwich.