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History
Name	Lapland
Namesake	Lapland
Owner	Red Star Line (1909–14); International Nav Co (1914–27); Leyland Line (1927–33);
Operator	Red Star Line (1909–14); International Nav Co (1914–27); Leyland Line (1927–33);
Port of registry	Antwerp (1909–14); Liverpool (1927–33);
Builder	Harland and Wolff, Belfast
Yard number	393
Launched	27 June 1908
Completed	27 March 1909
Maiden voyage	10 April 1909
Out of service	1933
Identification	official number 137398 (1914–33); code letters JGFW (until 1933); ;
Fate	Scrapped at Osaka, 1934
Notes	Hit mine, April 1917
General characteristics
Tonnage	as built: 17,540 GRT; by 1930: 18,565 GRT, 11,697 NRT; 1931 onward: 18,866 GRT, 11,394 NRT;
Length	605.8 ft (184.6 m)
Beam	70.4 ft (21.5 m)
Depth	37.4 ft (11.4 m)
Installed power	2,343 NHP
Propulsion	2 × quadruple-expansion engines; 2 × screw propellers;
Speed	17 knots (31 km/h)
Capacity	1,500 passengers[clarification needed]
Sensors and ; processing systems	by 1930:; submarine signalling; wireless direction finding;

SS Lapland was a steam ocean liner built in Ireland for the Belgian Red Star Line, as Red Star's flagship, similar in appearance to the fellow liners SS Samland, SS Gothland and SS Poland, but far larger. She was a half sister to White Star Line's "Big Four." They were similar in many ways, such as the island bridge, 4 masts, 2 funnels. But Lapland had a less luxurious interior.^{[citation needed]}

Her ownership passed to the International Navigation Company in 1914 and the UK Leyland Line in 1927. In the First World War she was converted into a troop ship. In 1933 she was sold to Japanese buyers who scrapped her in 1934.

Building

Harland and Wolff built Lapland in Belfast, launching her on 27 June 1908 and completing her on 27 March 1909.^[1] She was 605.8 ft (184.6 m) long and had a beam of 70.4 ft (21.5 m). She had twin screw propellers, each driven by a four-cylinder quadruple-expansion engine,^[2] and her service speed was 17 knots (31 km/h).^[3]

Red Star years

On 10 April 1909 Lapland began her maiden voyage from Antwerp via Dover to New York City under the Belgian flag. Lapland was one of a fleet of Red Star liners that between them provided weekly sailings on the route.^[4]

In April 1912 White Star Line chartered Lapland to repatriate 172 surviving members of Titanic's crew to the UK after they had been detained in the USA for investigations. She also carried 1,927 bags of mail that Titanic had been scheduled to carry.^[5] Lapland arrived in England on 28 April, 13 days after Titanic sank.

In 1914 she made her last voyage between Antwerp and New York, was transferred to the US-owned International Navigation Company^[6] and began sailing between Liverpool and New York.

First World War

On 29 October 1914 Lapland began the Liverpool – New York City crossings under the UK flag while under charter to Cunard Line. In April 1917 she struck a naval mine off the Mersey Bar Lightship, but managed to reach Liverpool. She sailed from Halifax to Liverpool on 29 September 1916 with Canadian troops of the 150th Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. In June 1917 she was requisitioned and converted into a troop ship. Among her passengers in August 1917 were aviators of the 1st Aero Squadron, the first unit of the United States Army Air Service to reach France.^{[citation needed]}

Post-war

On 24 November 1918 she began her first voyage after the Armistice when she sailed from Liverpool for New York for the White Star Line and on 1 August 1919 started her sixth and last round voyage on this service. On 16 September 1919 she was transferred to the Southampton – New York route under charter to White Star Line. She made three round voyages on this route, the last starting on 27 November 1919.

Lapland was refitted with passenger accommodation for 389 first, 448 second and 1,200 third class passengers and her tonnage was revised to 18,565 GRT. On 3 January 1920 she resumed service for Red Star Line but under the UK flag when she sailed from Antwerp via Southampton to New York. In 1927 she was transferred to Leyland Line^[6] and that April she was refitted to carry cabin, tourist and third class passengers. On 29 April 1932 she started her last voyage between Antwerp, Southampton, Le Havre and New York.

In 1932^[7] and 1933 she was used on short cruises from London to the Mediterranean. Between June and September 1933 she carried 5,000 cruise passengers.^[8]

In October 1933 was sold to Japanese buyers for scrap. She was broken up in Osaka, starting on 29 January 1934.^[6]

References

^ "Launches and Trial Trips". International Marine Engineering & Naval Architect. 31 (August). Marine Engineering, Inc., New York—London: 28. 1908. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
^ "Steamers and Motorships". Lloyd's Register (PDF). London: Lloyd's of London. 1930. Retrieved 25 October 2020 – via Plimsoll Ship Data.
^ Harnack 1930, p. 356.
^ Wilson 1956, p. 37.
^ "Lapland and Titanic". Titanic Belfast. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Lapland". Shipping and Shipbuilding. North East Maritime Forum. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
^ Wilson 1956, p. 56.
^ Wilson 1956, p. 209.

Bibliography

Bonsor, NRP. North Atlantic Seaway. Vol. 2. Brookside Publications. p. 850. ISBN 978-0905824017.
Harnack, Edwin P (1930) [1903]. All About Ships & Shipping (3rd ed.). London: Faber and Faber.
Kint, Andre; Vervoort, Robert (1990). De Red Star Line, Antwerpens Vergane Glorie (in Dutch). Antwerp: Vries Brouwers. pp. 98–99. ISBN 978-9061747222.
Wilson, RM (1956). The Big Ships. London: Cassell & Co.