Reid index

The Reid Index is a mathematical relationship that exists in a human bronchus section observed under the microscope. It is defined as ratio between the thickness of the submucosal mucus secreting glands and the thickness between the epithelium and cartilage that covers the bronchi. The Reid index is not of diagnostic use in vivo since it requires a dissection of the airway tube, but it has value in post mortem evaluations and for research.^[1]

The Reid Index was developed in the late 1950s from the work of Dr. Lynne McArthur Reid, M.D. who first described the relationship between hypertrophic bronchial mucous glands and the resultant narrowing of the airways seen in chronic bronchitis.^[2] In 1967, Dr. Reid became the first woman to achieve the rank of professor of experimental pathology in England and later became the first dean of the Cardiothoracic Institute at London University.^[3]

Calculation

\ RI={\frac {gland}{wall}}

where:

RI is the Reid Index

wall is the thickness of the airway wall between the epithelium and the cartilage's perichondrium

gland is the thickness of the mucus-producing gland at the location of inspection.

Interpretation

A normal Reid Index should be smaller than 0.4, the thickness of the wall is always more than double the thickness of the glands it contains. Chronic smoking causes submucosal gland hypertrophy and hyperplasia, leading to a Reid Index of >0.5 indicating chronic bronchitis.^[4]

References

^ B. Karger, T. Fracasso, B. Brinkmann and T. Bajanowski. Evaluation of the Reid index in infants and cases of SIDS. International Journal of Legal Medicine. Volume 118, Number 4 / August, 2004. [1]
^ Jones, Dr Norman L. (2011-07-11). The Ins and Outs of Breathing: How We Learnt About the Body'S Most Vital Function. iUniverse. ISBN 978-1-4620-3004-0.
^ "Changing the Face of Medicine | Lynne McArthur Reid". cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
^ School of Medicine, Tulane University

Signs and symptoms relating to the respiratory system

Auscultation

Stethoscope
Respiratory sounds
- Stridor
- Wheeze
- Crackles
- Rhonchi
- Stertor
- Squawk
- Pleural friction rub
- Fremitus
- Bronchophony
- Death rattle
Elicited findings

Breathing

Rate	Apnea Prematurity Dyspnea Hyperventilation Hypoventilation Hyperpnea Tachypnea Hypopnea Bradypnea
Pattern	Agonal respiration Biot's respiration Cheyne–Stokes respiration Kussmaul breathing Ataxic respiration
Other	Respiratory distress Respiratory arrest Orthopnea/Platypnea Trepopnea Aerophagia Asphyxia Breath holding Mouth breathing Snoring

Other

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